Switch to a working UTF-8 mb/wc implementation.

Although glibc gets by with an 8-byte mbstate_t, OpenBSD uses 12 bytes (of
the 128 bytes it reserves!).

We can actually implement UTF-8 encoding/decoding with a 0-byte mbstate_t
which means we can make things work on LP32 too, as long as we accept the
limitation that the caller needs to present us with a complete sequence
before we'll process it.

Our behavior is fine when going from characters to bytes; we just
update the source wchar_t** to say how far through the input we got.

I'll come back and use the 4 bytes we do have to cope with byte sequences
split across multiple input buffers. The fact that we don't support
UTF-8 sequences longer than 4 bytes plus the fact that the first byte of
a UTF-8 sequence encodes the length means we shouldn't need the other
fields OpenBSD used (at the cost of some recomputation in cases where a
sequence is split across buffers).

This patch also makes the minimal changes necessary to setlocale(3) to
make us behave like glibc when an app requests UTF-8. (The difference
being that our "C" locale is the same as our "C.UTF-8" locale.)

Change-Id: Ied327a8c4643744b3611bf6bb005a9b389ba4c2f

3 files changed, 355 insertions, 170 deletions

diff --git a/libc/bionic/locale.cpp b/libc/bionic/locale.cpp
index 5ab834d..3752fa4 100644
--- a/libc/bionic/locale.cpp
+++ b/libc/bionic/locale.cpp
@@ -75,8 +75,12 @@ static void __locale_init() {
   gLocale.int_n_sign_posn = CHAR_MAX;
 }
 
+static bool __bionic_current_locale_is_utf8 = false;
+
 static bool __is_supported_locale(const char* locale) {
-  return (strcmp(locale, "") == 0 || strcmp(locale, "C") == 0 || strcmp(locale, "POSIX") == 0);
+  return (strcmp(locale, "") == 0 ||
+          strcmp(locale, "C") == 0 || strcmp(locale, "C.UTF-8") == 0 ||
+          strcmp(locale, "POSIX") == 0);
 }
 
 static locale_t __new_locale() {
@@ -115,26 +119,24 @@ locale_t newlocale(int category_mask, const char* locale_name, locale_t /*base*/
   return __new_locale();
 }
 
-char* setlocale(int category, char const* locale_name) {
+char* setlocale(int category, const char* locale_name) {
   // Is 'category' valid?
   if (category < LC_CTYPE || category > LC_IDENTIFICATION) {
     errno = EINVAL;
     return NULL;
   }
 
-  // Caller just wants to query the current locale?
-  if (locale_name == NULL) {
-    return const_cast<char*>("C");
-  }
-
-  // Caller wants one of the mandatory POSIX locales?
-  if (__is_supported_locale(locale_name)) {
-    return const_cast<char*>("C");
+  // Caller wants to set the locale rather than just query?
+  if (locale_name != NULL) {
+    if (!__is_supported_locale(locale_name)) {
+      // We don't support this locale.
+      errno = ENOENT;
+      return NULL;
+    }
+    __bionic_current_locale_is_utf8 = (strstr(locale_name, "UTF-8") != NULL);
   }
 
-  // We don't support any other locales.
-  errno = ENOENT;
-  return NULL;
+  return const_cast<char*>(__bionic_current_locale_is_utf8 ? "C.UTF-8" : "C");
 }
 
 locale_t uselocale(locale_t new_locale) {
diff --git a/libc/bionic/wchar.cpp b/libc/bionic/wchar.cpp
index badd256..0ec9504 100644
--- a/libc/bionic/wchar.cpp
+++ b/libc/bionic/wchar.cpp
@@ -1,215 +1,307 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2008 The Android Open Source Project
+/*	$OpenBSD: citrus_utf8.c,v 1.6 2012/12/05 23:19:59 deraadt Exp $ */
+
+/*-
+ * Copyright (c) 2002-2004 Tim J. Robbins
  * All rights reserved.
  *
  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
  * are met:
- *  * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
- *  * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
- *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
- *    the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
- *    distribution.
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
  *
- * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
- * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
- * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS
- * FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
- * COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
- * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING,
- * BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS
- * OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED
- * AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
- * OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT
- * OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+ * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+ * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+ * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+ * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+ * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+ * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+ * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
  * SUCH DAMAGE.
  */
 
-#include <ctype.h>
 #include <errno.h>
-#include <limits.h>
-#include <stdint.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
 #include <string.h>
+#include <sys/param.h>
 #include <wchar.h>
 
-/* stubs for wide-char functions */
-
-int iswalnum(wint_t wc) { return isalnum(wc); }
-int iswalpha(wint_t wc) { return isalpha(wc); }
-int iswblank(wint_t wc) { return isblank(wc); }
-int iswcntrl(wint_t wc) { return iscntrl(wc); }
-int iswdigit(wint_t wc) { return isdigit(wc); }
-int iswgraph(wint_t wc) { return isgraph(wc); }
-int iswlower(wint_t wc) { return islower(wc); }
-int iswprint(wint_t wc) { return isprint(wc); }
-int iswpunct(wint_t wc) { return ispunct(wc); }
-int iswspace(wint_t wc) { return isspace(wc); }
-int iswupper(wint_t wc) { return isupper(wc); }
-int iswxdigit(wint_t wc) { return isxdigit(wc); }
-
-int iswctype(wint_t wc, wctype_t char_class) {
-  switch (char_class) {
-    case WC_TYPE_ALNUM: return isalnum(wc);
-    case WC_TYPE_ALPHA: return isalpha(wc);
-    case WC_TYPE_BLANK: return isblank(wc);
-    case WC_TYPE_CNTRL: return iscntrl(wc);
-    case WC_TYPE_DIGIT: return isdigit(wc);
-    case WC_TYPE_GRAPH: return isgraph(wc);
-    case WC_TYPE_LOWER: return islower(wc);
-    case WC_TYPE_PRINT: return isprint(wc);
-    case WC_TYPE_PUNCT: return ispunct(wc);
-    case WC_TYPE_SPACE: return isspace(wc);
-    case WC_TYPE_UPPER: return isupper(wc);
-    case WC_TYPE_XDIGIT: return isxdigit(wc);
-    default: return 0;
-  }
-}
+//
+// This file is basically OpenBSD's citrus_utf8.c but rewritten to not require a 12-byte mbstate_t
+// so we're backwards-compatible with our LP32 ABI where mbstate_t was only 4 bytes. An additional
+// advantage of this is that callers who don't supply their own mbstate_t won't be accessing shared
+// state.
+//
+// We also implement the POSIX interface directly rather than being accessed via function pointers.
+//
+
+#define ERR_ILLEGAL_SEQUENCE static_cast<size_t>(-1)
+#define ERR_INCOMPLETE_SEQUENCE static_cast<size_t>(-2)
 
-int mbsinit(const mbstate_t* /*ps*/) {
+int mbsinit(const mbstate_t*) {
+  // We have no state, so we're always in the initial state.
   return 1;
 }
 
-size_t mbrtowc(wchar_t* pwc, const char* s, size_t n, mbstate_t* /*ps*/) {
+size_t mbrtowc(wchar_t* pwc, const char* s, size_t n, mbstate_t*) {
   if (s == NULL) {
-    return 0;
+    s = "";
+    n = 1;
+    pwc = NULL;
   }
+
   if (n == 0) {
     return 0;
   }
-  if (pwc != NULL) {
-    *pwc = *s;
+
+  int ch;
+  if (((ch = static_cast<uint8_t>(*s)) & ~0x7f) == 0) {
+    // Fast path for plain ASCII characters.
+    if (pwc != NULL) {
+      *pwc = ch;
+    }
+    return (ch != '\0' ? 1 : 0);
   }
-  return (*s != 0);
-}
 
-size_t mbsnrtowcs(wchar_t* dst, const char** src, size_t n, size_t dst_size, mbstate_t* /*ps*/) {
-  size_t i = 0; // Number of input bytes read.
-  size_t o = 0; // Number of output characters written.
-  for (; i < n && (*src)[i] != 0; ++i) {
-    // TODO: UTF-8 support.
-    if (static_cast<uint8_t>((*src)[i]) > 0x7f) {
+  // Determine the number of octets that make up this character
+  // from the first octet, and a mask that extracts the
+  // interesting bits of the first octet. We already know
+  // the character is at least two bytes long.
+  int length;
+  int mask;
+
+  // We also specify a lower bound for the character code to
+  // detect redundant, non-"shortest form" encodings. For
+  // example, the sequence C0 80 is _not_ a legal representation
+  // of the null character. This enforces a 1-to-1 mapping
+  // between character codes and their multibyte representations.
+  wchar_t lower_bound;
+
+  ch = static_cast<uint8_t>(*s);
+  if ((ch & 0x80) == 0) {
+    mask = 0x7f;
+    length = 1;
+    lower_bound = 0;
+  } else if ((ch & 0xe0) == 0xc0) {
+    mask = 0x1f;
+    length = 2;
+    lower_bound = 0x80;
+  } else if ((ch & 0xf0) == 0xe0) {
+    mask = 0x0f;
+    length = 3;
+    lower_bound = 0x800;
+  } else if ((ch & 0xf8) == 0xf0) {
+    mask = 0x07;
+    length = 4;
+    lower_bound = 0x10000;
+  } else {
+    // Malformed input; input is not UTF-8. See RFC 3629.
+    errno = EILSEQ;
+    return ERR_ILLEGAL_SEQUENCE;
+  }
+
+  // Decode the octet sequence representing the character in chunks
+  // of 6 bits, most significant first.
+  wchar_t wch = static_cast<uint8_t>(*s++) & mask;
+  int i;
+  for (i = 1; i < MIN(length, n); i++) {
+    if ((*s & 0xc0) != 0x80) {
+      // Malformed input; bad characters in the middle of a character.
       errno = EILSEQ;
-      if (dst != NULL) {
-        *src = &(*src)[i];
-      }
-      return static_cast<size_t>(-1);
+      return ERR_ILLEGAL_SEQUENCE;
     }
-    if (dst != NULL) {
-      if (o + 1 > dst_size) {
-        break;
+    wch <<= 6;
+    wch |= *s++ & 0x3f;
+  }
+  if (i < length) {
+    return ERR_INCOMPLETE_SEQUENCE;
+  }
+  if (wch < lower_bound) {
+    // Malformed input; redundant encoding.
+    errno = EILSEQ;
+    return ERR_ILLEGAL_SEQUENCE;
+  }
+  if ((wch >= 0xd800 && wch <= 0xdfff) || wch == 0xfffe || wch == 0xffff) {
+    // Malformed input; invalid code points.
+    errno = EILSEQ;
+    return ERR_ILLEGAL_SEQUENCE;
+  }
+  if (pwc != NULL) {
+    *pwc = wch;
+  }
+  return (wch == L'\0' ? 0 : length);
+}
+
+size_t mbsnrtowcs(wchar_t* dst, const char** src, size_t nmc, size_t len, mbstate_t* ps) {
+  size_t i, o, r;
+
+  if (dst == NULL) {
+    for (i = o = 0; i < nmc; i += r, o++) {
+      if (static_cast<uint8_t>((*src)[i]) < 0x80) {
+        // Fast path for plain ASCII characters.
+        if ((*src)[i] == '\0') {
+          return o;
+        }
+        r = 1;
+      } else {
+        r = mbrtowc(NULL, *src + i, nmc - i, ps);
+        if (r == ERR_ILLEGAL_SEQUENCE) {
+          return r;
+        }
+        if (r == ERR_INCOMPLETE_SEQUENCE) {
+          return o;
+        }
+        if (r == 0) {
+          return o;
+        }
       }
-      dst[o++] = static_cast<wchar_t>((*src)[i]);
-    } else {
-      ++o;
     }
+    return o;
   }
-  // If we consumed all the input, terminate the output.
-  if (dst != NULL && o < dst_size) {
-    dst[o] = 0;
-  }
-  // If we were actually consuming input, record how far we got.
-  if (dst != NULL) {
-    if ((*src)[i] != 0) {
-      *src = &(*src)[i]; // This is where the next call should pick up.
+
+  for (i = o = 0; i < nmc && o < len; i += r, o++) {
+    if (static_cast<uint8_t>((*src)[i]) < 0x80) {
+      // Fast path for plain ASCII characters.
+      dst[o] = (*src)[i];
+      if ((*src)[i] == '\0') {
+        *src = NULL;
+        return o;
+      }
+      r = 1;
     } else {
-      *src = NULL; // We consumed everything.
+      r = mbrtowc(dst + o, *src + i, nmc - i, ps);
+      if (r == ERR_ILLEGAL_SEQUENCE) {
+        *src += i;
+        return r;
+      }
+      if (r == ERR_INCOMPLETE_SEQUENCE) {
+        *src += nmc;
+        return o;
+      }
+      if (r == 0) {
+        *src = NULL;
+        return o;
+      }
     }
   }
+  *src += i;
   return o;
 }
 
-size_t mbsrtowcs(wchar_t* dst, const char** src, size_t dst_size, mbstate_t* ps) {
-  return mbsnrtowcs(dst, src, SIZE_MAX, dst_size, ps);
-}
-
-wint_t towlower(wint_t wc) {
-  return tolower(wc);
+size_t mbsrtowcs(wchar_t* dst, const char** src, size_t len, mbstate_t* ps) {
+  return mbsnrtowcs(dst, src, SIZE_MAX, len, ps);
 }
 
-wint_t towupper(wint_t wc) {
-  return toupper(wc);
-}
+size_t wcrtomb(char* s, wchar_t wc, mbstate_t*) {
+  unsigned char lead;
+  int i, len;
 
-int wctomb(char* s, wchar_t wc) {
   if (s == NULL) {
-    return 0;
+    // Reset to initial shift state (no-op).
+    return 1;
+  }
+
+  if ((wc & ~0x7f) == 0) {
+    // Fast path for plain ASCII characters.
+    *s = wc;
+    return 1;
   }
-  if (wc <= 0xff) {
-    *s = static_cast<char>(wc);
+
+  // Determine the number of octets needed to represent this character.
+  // We always output the shortest sequence possible. Also specify the
+  // first few bits of the first octet, which contains the information
+  // about the sequence length.
+  if ((wc & ~0x7f) == 0) {
+    lead = 0;
+    len = 1;
+  } else if ((wc & ~0x7ff) == 0) {
+    lead = 0xc0;
+    len = 2;
+  } else if ((wc & ~0xffff) == 0) {
+    lead = 0xe0;
+    len = 3;
+  } else if ((wc & ~0x1fffff) == 0) {
+    lead = 0xf0;
+    len = 4;
   } else {
-    *s = '?';
+    errno = EILSEQ;
+    return ERR_ILLEGAL_SEQUENCE;
   }
-  return 1;
-}
 
-size_t wcrtomb(char* s, wchar_t wc, mbstate_t* /*ps*/) {
-  if (s == NULL) {
-    char buf[MB_LEN_MAX];
-    return wctomb(buf, L'\0');
+  // Output the octets representing the character in chunks
+  // of 6 bits, least significant last. The first octet is
+  // a special case because it contains the sequence length
+  // information.
+  for (i = len - 1; i > 0; i--) {
+    s[i] = (wc & 0x3f) | 0x80;
+    wc >>= 6;
   }
-  return wctomb(s, wc);
-}
+  *s = (wc & 0xff) | lead;
 
-size_t wcsftime(wchar_t* wcs, size_t maxsize, const wchar_t* format,  const struct tm* timptr) {
-  return strftime(reinterpret_cast<char*>(wcs), maxsize, reinterpret_cast<const char*>(format), timptr);
+  return len;
 }
 
-size_t wcsnrtombs(char* dst, const wchar_t** src, size_t n, size_t dst_size, mbstate_t* /*ps*/) {
-  size_t i = 0; // Number of input characters read.
-  size_t o = 0; // Number of output bytes written.
-  for (; i < n && (*src)[i] != 0; ++i) {
-    // TODO: UTF-8 support.
-    if ((*src)[i] > 0x7f) {
-      errno = EILSEQ;
-      if (dst != NULL) {
-        *src = &(*src)[i];
+size_t wcsnrtombs(char* dst, const wchar_t** src, size_t nwc, size_t len, mbstate_t* ps) {
+  char buf[MB_LEN_MAX];
+  size_t i, o, r;
+  if (dst == NULL) {
+    for (i = o = 0; i < nwc; i++, o += r) {
+      wchar_t wc = (*src)[i];
+      if (wc < 0x80) {
+        // Fast path for plain ASCII characters.
+        if (wc == 0) {
+          return o;
+        }
+        r = 1;
+      } else {
+        r = wcrtomb(buf, wc, ps);
+        if (r == ERR_ILLEGAL_SEQUENCE) {
+          return r;
+        }
       }
-      return static_cast<size_t>(-1);
-    }
-    if (dst != NULL) {
-      if (o + 1 > dst_size) {
-        break;
-      }
-      dst[o++] = static_cast<char>((*src)[i]);
-    } else {
-      ++o;
     }
+    return o;
   }
-  // If we consumed all the input, terminate the output.
-  if (dst != NULL && o < dst_size) {
-    dst[o] = 0;
-  }
-  // If we were actually consuming input, record how far we got.
-  if (dst != NULL) {
-    if ((*src)[i] != 0) {
-      *src = &(*src)[i]; // This is where the next call should pick up.
+
+  for (i = o = 0; i < nwc && o < len; i++, o += r) {
+    wchar_t wc = (*src)[i];
+    if (wc < 0x80) {
+      // Fast path for plain ASCII characters.
+      dst[o] = wc;
+      if (wc == 0) {
+        *src = NULL;
+        return o;
+      }
+      r = 1;
+    } else if (len - o >= sizeof(buf)) {
+      // Enough space to translate in-place.
+      r = wcrtomb(dst + o, wc, ps);
+      if (r == ERR_ILLEGAL_SEQUENCE) {
+        *src += i;
+        return r;
+      }
     } else {
-      *src = NULL; // We consumed everything.
+      // May not be enough space; use temp buffer.
+      r = wcrtomb(buf, wc, ps);
+      if (r == ERR_ILLEGAL_SEQUENCE) {
+        *src += i;
+        return r;
+      }
+      if (r > len - o) {
+        break;
+      }
+      memcpy(dst + o, buf, r);
     }
   }
+  *src += i;
   return o;
 }
 
-size_t wcsrtombs(char* dst, const wchar_t** src, size_t dst_size, mbstate_t* ps) {
-  return wcsnrtombs(dst, src, SIZE_MAX, dst_size, ps);
-}
-
-wctype_t wctype(const char* property) {
-  static const char* const  properties[WC_TYPE_MAX] = {
-    "<invalid>",
-    "alnum", "alpha", "blank", "cntrl", "digit", "graph",
-    "lower", "print", "punct", "space", "upper", "xdigit"
-  };
-  for (size_t i = 0; i < WC_TYPE_MAX; ++i) {
-    if (!strcmp(properties[i], property)) {
-      return static_cast<wctype_t>(i);
-    }
-  }
-  return static_cast<wctype_t>(0);
-}
-
-int wcwidth(wchar_t wc) {
-  return (wc > 0);
+size_t wcsrtombs(char* dst, const wchar_t** src, size_t len, mbstate_t* ps) {
+  return wcsnrtombs(dst, src, SIZE_MAX, len, ps);
 }
diff --git a/libc/bionic/wctype.cpp b/libc/bionic/wctype.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4fd590a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libc/bionic/wctype.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2008 The Android Open Source Project
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ * are met:
+ *  * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ *  * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
+ *    the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+ *    distribution.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+ * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+ * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS
+ * FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
+ * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING,
+ * BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS
+ * OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED
+ * AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
+ * OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT
+ * OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+ * SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <wchar.h>
+
+// TODO: these only work for the ASCII range; rewrite to dlsym icu4c?
+
+int iswalnum(wint_t wc) { return isalnum(wc); }
+int iswalpha(wint_t wc) { return isalpha(wc); }
+int iswblank(wint_t wc) { return isblank(wc); }
+int iswcntrl(wint_t wc) { return iscntrl(wc); }
+int iswdigit(wint_t wc) { return isdigit(wc); }
+int iswgraph(wint_t wc) { return isgraph(wc); }
+int iswlower(wint_t wc) { return islower(wc); }
+int iswprint(wint_t wc) { return isprint(wc); }
+int iswpunct(wint_t wc) { return ispunct(wc); }
+int iswspace(wint_t wc) { return isspace(wc); }
+int iswupper(wint_t wc) { return isupper(wc); }
+int iswxdigit(wint_t wc) { return isxdigit(wc); }
+
+int iswctype(wint_t wc, wctype_t char_class) {
+  switch (char_class) {
+    case WC_TYPE_ALNUM: return isalnum(wc);
+    case WC_TYPE_ALPHA: return isalpha(wc);
+    case WC_TYPE_BLANK: return isblank(wc);
+    case WC_TYPE_CNTRL: return iscntrl(wc);
+    case WC_TYPE_DIGIT: return isdigit(wc);
+    case WC_TYPE_GRAPH: return isgraph(wc);
+    case WC_TYPE_LOWER: return islower(wc);
+    case WC_TYPE_PRINT: return isprint(wc);
+    case WC_TYPE_PUNCT: return ispunct(wc);
+    case WC_TYPE_SPACE: return isspace(wc);
+    case WC_TYPE_UPPER: return isupper(wc);
+    case WC_TYPE_XDIGIT: return isxdigit(wc);
+    default: return 0;
+  }
+}
+
+wint_t towlower(wint_t wc) { return tolower(wc); }
+wint_t towupper(wint_t wc) { return toupper(wc); }
+
+wctype_t wctype(const char* property) {
+  static const char* const  properties[WC_TYPE_MAX] = {
+    "<invalid>",
+    "alnum", "alpha", "blank", "cntrl", "digit", "graph",
+    "lower", "print", "punct", "space", "upper", "xdigit"
+  };
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < WC_TYPE_MAX; ++i) {
+    if (!strcmp(properties[i], property)) {
+      return static_cast<wctype_t>(i);
+    }
+  }
+  return static_cast<wctype_t>(0);
+}
+
+int wcwidth(wchar_t wc) {
+  return (wc > 0);
+}
+
+// TODO: implement wcsftime.
+size_t wcsftime(wchar_t* wcs, size_t maxsize, const wchar_t* format,  const struct tm* timptr) {
+  abort();
+}