Add partial pre-read functionality to browser startup (Windows).

PartialPreReadImage has much the smae interface as PreReadImage except the bytes to read becomes a percentage to read and it reads a certain percentage of each section in the binary.

Also adds some unittest coverage.

BUG=chromium:98508
TEST=

Review URL: http://codereview.chromium.org/9235053

git-svn-id: svn://svn.chromium.org/chrome/trunk/src@120371 0039d316-1c4b-4281-b951-d872f2087c98

1 files changed, 420 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/chrome/app/image_pre_reader_win.cc b/chrome/app/image_pre_reader_win.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..146d1c8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/chrome/app/image_pre_reader_win.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,420 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2012 The Chromium Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
+// found in the LICENSE file.
+
+#include "chrome/app/image_pre_reader_win.h"
+
+#include <windows.h>
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <limits>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "base/logging.h"
+#include "base/memory/scoped_ptr.h"
+#include "base/threading/thread_restrictions.h"
+#include "base/win/pe_image.h"
+#include "base/win/scoped_handle.h"
+#include "base/win/windows_version.h"
+
+namespace {
+
+// The minimum buffer size to allocate when reading the PE file headers.
+//
+// The PE file headers usually fit into a single 1KB page, and a PE file must
+// at least contain the initial page with the headers. That said, as long as
+// we expect at least sizeof(IMAGE_DOS_HEADER) bytes, we're ok.
+const size_t kMinHeaderBufferSize = 0x400;
+
+// A handy symbolic constant.
+const uint8 kOneHundredPercent = 100;
+
+void StaticAssertions() {
+  COMPILE_ASSERT(kMinHeaderBufferSize >= sizeof(IMAGE_DOS_HEADER),
+                 min_header_buffer_size_at_least_as_big_as_the_dos_header);
+}
+
+// This struct provides a deallocation functor for use with scoped_ptr<T>
+// allocated with ::VirtualAlloc().
+struct ScopedPtrVirtualFree {
+  void operator() (void* ptr) {
+    ::VirtualFree(ptr, 0, MEM_RELEASE);
+  }
+};
+
+// A wrapper for the Win32 ::SetFilePointer() function with some error checking.
+bool SetFilePointer(HANDLE file_handle, size_t position) {
+  return position <= static_cast<size_t>(std::numeric_limits<LONG>::max()) &&
+      ::SetFilePointer(file_handle,
+                       static_cast<LONG>(position),
+                       NULL,
+                       FILE_BEGIN) != INVALID_SET_FILE_POINTER;
+}
+
+// A helper function to read the next |bytes_to_read| bytes from the file
+// given by |file_handle| into |buffer|.
+bool ReadNextBytes(HANDLE file_handle, void* buffer, size_t bytes_to_read) {
+  DCHECK(file_handle != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE);
+  DCHECK(buffer != NULL);
+  DCHECK(bytes_to_read > 0);
+
+  DWORD bytes_read = 0;
+  return bytes_to_read <= std::numeric_limits<DWORD>::max() &&
+      ::ReadFile(file_handle,
+                 buffer,
+                 static_cast<DWORD>(bytes_to_read),
+                 &bytes_read,
+                 NULL) &&
+      bytes_read == bytes_to_read;
+}
+
+// A helper function to extend the |current_buffer| of bytes such that it
+// contains |desired_length| bytes read from the file given by |file_handle|.
+//
+// It is assumed that |file_handle| has been used to sequentially populate
+// |current_buffer| thus far and is already positioned at the appropriate
+// read location.
+bool ReadMissingBytes(HANDLE file_handle,
+                      std::vector<uint8>* current_buffer,
+                      size_t desired_length) {
+  DCHECK(file_handle != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE);
+  DCHECK(current_buffer != NULL);
+
+  size_t current_length = current_buffer->size();
+  if (current_length >= desired_length)
+    return true;
+
+  size_t bytes_to_read = desired_length - current_length;
+  current_buffer->resize(desired_length);
+  return ReadNextBytes(file_handle,
+                       &(current_buffer->at(current_length)),
+                       bytes_to_read);
+}
+
+// Return a |percentage| of the number of initialized bytes in the given
+// |section|.
+//
+// This returns a percentage of the lesser of the size of the raw data in
+// the section and the virtual size of the section.
+//
+// Note that sections can have their tails implicitly initialized to zero
+// (i.e., their virtual size is larger than the raw size) and that raw data
+// is padded to the PE page size if the entire section is initialized (i.e.,
+// their raw data size will be larger than the virtual size).
+//
+// Any data after the initialized portion of the section will be soft-faulted
+// in (very quickly) as needed, so we don't need to include it in the returned
+// length.
+size_t GetPercentageOfSectionLength(const IMAGE_SECTION_HEADER* section,
+                                    uint8 percentage) {
+  DCHECK(section != NULL);
+  DCHECK_GT(percentage, 0);
+  DCHECK_LE(percentage, kOneHundredPercent);
+
+  size_t initialized_length = std::min(section->SizeOfRawData,
+                                       section->Misc.VirtualSize);
+
+  if (initialized_length == 0)
+    return 0;
+
+  size_t length = (initialized_length * percentage) / kOneHundredPercent;
+
+  return std::max<size_t>(length, 1);
+}
+
+// Helper function to read through a |percentage| of the given |section|
+// of the file denoted by |file_handle|. The |temp_buffer| is (re)used as
+// a transient storage area as the section is read in chunks of
+// |temp_buffer_size| bytes.
+bool ReadThroughSection(HANDLE file_handle,
+                        const IMAGE_SECTION_HEADER* section,
+                        uint8 percentage,
+                        void* temp_buffer,
+                        size_t temp_buffer_size) {
+  DCHECK(file_handle != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE);
+  DCHECK(section != NULL);
+  DCHECK_LE(percentage, kOneHundredPercent);
+  DCHECK(temp_buffer != NULL);
+  DCHECK(temp_buffer_size > 0);
+
+  size_t bytes_to_read = GetPercentageOfSectionLength(section, percentage);
+  if (bytes_to_read == 0)
+    return true;
+
+  if (!SetFilePointer(file_handle, section->PointerToRawData))
+    return false;
+
+  // Read all chunks except the last one.
+  while (bytes_to_read > temp_buffer_size) {
+    if (!ReadNextBytes(file_handle, temp_buffer, temp_buffer_size))
+      return false;
+    bytes_to_read -= temp_buffer_size;
+  }
+
+  // Read the last (possibly partial) chunk and return.
+  DCHECK(bytes_to_read > 0);
+  DCHECK(bytes_to_read <= temp_buffer_size);
+  return ReadNextBytes(file_handle, temp_buffer, bytes_to_read);
+}
+
+// A helper function to touch all pages in the range
+// [base_addr, base_addr + length).
+void TouchPagesInRange(void* base_addr, size_t length) {
+  DCHECK(base_addr != NULL);
+  DCHECK(length > 0);
+
+  // Get the system info so we know the page size. Also, make sure we use a
+  // non-zero value for the page size; GetSystemInfo() is hookable/patchable,
+  // and you never know what shenanigans someone could get up to.
+  SYSTEM_INFO system_info = {};
+  GetSystemInfo(&system_info);
+  if (system_info.dwPageSize == 0)
+    system_info.dwPageSize = 4096;
+
+  // We don't want to read outside the byte range (which could trigger an
+  // access violation), so let's figure out the exact locations of the first
+  // and final bytes we want to read.
+  volatile uint8* touch_ptr = reinterpret_cast<uint8*>(base_addr);
+  volatile uint8* final_touch_ptr = touch_ptr + length - 1;
+
+  // Read the memory in the range [touch_ptr, final_touch_ptr] with a stride
+  // of the system page size, to ensure that it's been paged in.
+  uint8 dummy;
+  while (touch_ptr < final_touch_ptr) {
+    dummy = *touch_ptr;
+    touch_ptr += system_info.dwPageSize;
+  }
+  dummy = *final_touch_ptr;
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+bool ImagePreReader::PartialPreReadImageOnDisk(const wchar_t* file_path,
+                                               uint8 percentage,
+                                               size_t max_chunk_size) {
+  // TODO(rogerm): change this to have the number of bytes pre-read per
+  //     section be driven by a static table within the PE file (defaulting to
+  //     full read if it's not there?) that's initialized by the optimization
+  //     toolchain.
+  DCHECK(file_path != NULL);
+
+  if (percentage == 0)
+    return true;
+
+  if (percentage > kOneHundredPercent)
+    percentage = kOneHundredPercent;
+
+  // Validate/setup max_chunk_size, imposing a 1MB minimum on the chunk size.
+  const size_t kMinChunkSize = 1024 * 1024;
+  max_chunk_size = std::max(max_chunk_size, kMinChunkSize);
+
+  // Open the file.
+  base::win::ScopedHandle file(
+      CreateFile(file_path,
+                 GENERIC_READ,
+                 FILE_SHARE_READ | FILE_SHARE_WRITE | FILE_SHARE_DELETE,
+                 NULL,
+                 OPEN_EXISTING,
+                 FILE_FLAG_SEQUENTIAL_SCAN,
+                 NULL));
+
+  if (!file.IsValid())
+    return false;
+
+  // Allocate a resizable buffer for the headers. We initially reserve as much
+  // space as we typically see as the header size for chrome.dll and other
+  // PE images.
+  std::vector<uint8> headers;
+  headers.reserve(kMinHeaderBufferSize);
+
+  // Read, hopefully, all of the headers.
+  if (!ReadMissingBytes(file, &headers, kMinHeaderBufferSize))
+    return false;
+
+  // The DOS header starts at offset 0 and allows us to get the offset of the
+  // NT headers. Let's ensure we've read enough to capture the NT headers.
+  size_t nt_headers_start =
+      reinterpret_cast<IMAGE_DOS_HEADER*>(&headers[0])->e_lfanew;
+  size_t nt_headers_end = nt_headers_start + sizeof(IMAGE_NT_HEADERS);
+  if (!ReadMissingBytes(file, &headers, nt_headers_end))
+    return false;
+
+  // Now that we've got the NT headers we can get the total header size,
+  // including all of the section headers. Let's ensure we've read enough
+  // to capture all of the header data.
+  size_t size_of_headers = reinterpret_cast<IMAGE_NT_HEADERS*>(
+      &headers[nt_headers_start])->OptionalHeader.SizeOfHeaders;
+  if (!ReadMissingBytes(file, &headers, size_of_headers))
+    return false;
+
+  // Now we have all of the headers. This is enough to let us use the PEImage
+  // wrapper to query the structure of the image.
+  base::win::PEImage pe_image(reinterpret_cast<HMODULE>(&headers[0]));
+  CHECK(pe_image.VerifyMagic());
+
+  // Allocate a buffer to hold the pre-read bytes.
+  scoped_ptr_malloc<uint8, ScopedPtrVirtualFree> buffer(
+      reinterpret_cast<uint8*>(
+          ::VirtualAlloc(NULL, max_chunk_size, MEM_COMMIT, PAGE_READWRITE)));
+  if (buffer.get() == NULL)
+    return false;
+
+  // Iterate over each section, reading in a percentage of each.
+  const IMAGE_SECTION_HEADER* section = NULL;
+  for (UINT i = 0; (section = pe_image.GetSectionHeader(i)) != NULL; ++i) {
+    CHECK_LE(reinterpret_cast<const uint8*>(section + 1),
+             &headers[0] + headers.size());
+    if (!ReadThroughSection(
+            file, section, percentage, buffer.get(), max_chunk_size))
+      return false;
+  }
+
+  // We're done.
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool ImagePreReader::PartialPreReadImageInMemory(const wchar_t* file_path,
+                                                 uint8 percentage) {
+  // TODO(rogerm): change this to have the number of bytes pre-read per
+  //     section be driven by a static table within the PE file (defaulting to
+  //     full read if it's not there?) that's initialized by the optimization
+  //     toolchain.
+  DCHECK(file_path != NULL);
+
+  if (percentage == 0)
+    return true;
+
+  if (percentage > kOneHundredPercent)
+    percentage = kOneHundredPercent;
+
+  HMODULE dll_module = ::LoadLibraryExW(
+      file_path,
+      NULL,
+      LOAD_WITH_ALTERED_SEARCH_PATH | DONT_RESOLVE_DLL_REFERENCES);
+
+  if (!dll_module)
+    return false;
+
+  base::win::PEImage pe_image(dll_module);
+  CHECK(pe_image.VerifyMagic());
+
+  // Iterate over each section, stepping through a percentage of each to page
+  // it in off the disk.
+  const IMAGE_SECTION_HEADER* section = NULL;
+  for (UINT i = 0; (section = pe_image.GetSectionHeader(i)) != NULL; ++i) {
+    // Get the extent we want to touch.
+    size_t length = GetPercentageOfSectionLength(section, percentage);
+    if (length == 0)
+      continue;
+    uint8* start =
+        static_cast<uint8*>(pe_image.RVAToAddr(section->VirtualAddress));
+
+    // Verify that the extent we're going to touch falls inside the section
+    // we expect it to (and by implication, inside the pe_image).
+    CHECK_EQ(section,
+             pe_image.GetImageSectionFromAddr(start));
+    CHECK_EQ(section,
+             pe_image.GetImageSectionFromAddr(start + length - 1));
+
+    // Page in the section range.
+    TouchPagesInRange(start, length);
+  }
+
+  FreeLibrary(dll_module);
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool ImagePreReader::PreReadImage(const wchar_t* file_path,
+                                  size_t size_to_read,
+                                  size_t step_size) {
+  base::ThreadRestrictions::AssertIOAllowed();
+  if (base::win::GetVersion() > base::win::VERSION_XP) {
+    // Vista+ branch. On these OSes, the forced reads through the DLL actually
+    // slows warm starts. The solution is to sequentially read file contents
+    // with an optional cap on total amount to read.
+    base::win::ScopedHandle file(
+        CreateFile(file_path,
+                   GENERIC_READ,
+                   FILE_SHARE_READ | FILE_SHARE_WRITE | FILE_SHARE_DELETE,
+                   NULL,
+                   OPEN_EXISTING,
+                   FILE_FLAG_SEQUENTIAL_SCAN,
+                   NULL));
+
+    if (!file.IsValid())
+      return false;
+
+    // Default to 1MB sequential reads.
+    const DWORD actual_step_size = std::max(static_cast<DWORD>(step_size),
+                                            static_cast<DWORD>(1024*1024));
+    LPVOID buffer = ::VirtualAlloc(NULL,
+                                   actual_step_size,
+                                   MEM_COMMIT,
+                                   PAGE_READWRITE);
+
+    if (buffer == NULL)
+      return false;
+
+    DWORD len;
+    size_t total_read = 0;
+    while (::ReadFile(file, buffer, actual_step_size, &len, NULL) &&
+           len > 0 &&
+           (size_to_read ? total_read < size_to_read : true)) {
+      total_read += static_cast<size_t>(len);
+    }
+    ::VirtualFree(buffer, 0, MEM_RELEASE);
+  } else {
+    // WinXP branch. Here, reading the DLL from disk doesn't do
+    // what we want so instead we pull the pages into memory by loading
+    // the DLL and touching pages at a stride. We use the system's page
+    // size as the stride, ignoring the passed in step_size, to make sure
+    // each page in the range is touched.
+    HMODULE dll_module = ::LoadLibraryExW(
+        file_path,
+        NULL,
+        LOAD_WITH_ALTERED_SEARCH_PATH | DONT_RESOLVE_DLL_REFERENCES);
+
+    if (!dll_module)
+      return false;
+
+    base::win::PEImage pe_image(dll_module);
+    CHECK(pe_image.VerifyMagic());
+
+    // We don't want to read past the end of the module (which could trigger
+    // an access violation), so make sure to check the image size.
+    PIMAGE_NT_HEADERS nt_headers = pe_image.GetNTHeaders();
+    size_t dll_module_length = std::min(
+        size_to_read ? size_to_read : ~0,
+        static_cast<size_t>(nt_headers->OptionalHeader.SizeOfImage));
+
+    // Page in then release the module.
+    TouchPagesInRange(dll_module, dll_module_length);
+    FreeLibrary(dll_module);
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool ImagePreReader::PartialPreReadImage(const wchar_t* file_path,
+                                         uint8 percentage,
+                                         size_t max_chunk_size) {
+  base::ThreadRestrictions::AssertIOAllowed();
+
+  if (percentage >= kOneHundredPercent) {
+    // If we're reading the whole image, we don't need to parse headers and
+    // navigate sections, the basic PreReadImage() can be used to just step
+    // blindly through the entire file / address-space.
+    return PreReadImage(file_path, 0, max_chunk_size);
+  }
+
+  if (base::win::GetVersion() > base::win::VERSION_XP) {
+    // Vista+ branch. On these OSes, we warm up the Image by reading its
+    // file off the disk.
+    return PartialPreReadImageOnDisk(file_path, percentage, max_chunk_size);
+  }
+
+  // WinXP branch. For XP, reading the image from disk doesn't do what we want
+  // so instead we pull the pages into memory by loading the DLL and touching
+  // initialized pages at a stride.
+  return PartialPreReadImageInMemory(file_path, percentage);
+}