Revert 63962 (broke chromeos and chromium linux builder) - Unrevert r63919: "Part 2 of immutable Extension refactor."

I made Extension a refcounted object, and privitized the existing
con/destructor and InitFromValue. The only way to get an Extension is to call
a factory method.

In the next CL, I plan to make the factory method return a const Extension,
to guarantee that no one can modify the Extension object after creation.

Note: There was a tricky part of this CL because of the difference in
semantics between scoped_ptr and scoped_refptr. I had to be careful not to use
ptr.release(), since that would result in leaks (an un-Released AddRef).

BUG=56558
TEST=no functional change

Original Review URL: http://codereview.chromium.org/3982001

TBR=aa

Review URL: http://codereview.chromium.org/4186002

TBR=mpcomplete@chromium.org
Review URL: http://codereview.chromium.org/4130004

git-svn-id: svn://svn.chromium.org/chrome/trunk/src@63976 0039d316-1c4b-4281-b951-d872f2087c98

27 files changed, 285 insertions, 287 deletions

diff --git a/chrome/browser/cocoa/extension_installed_bubble_controller_unittest.mm b/chrome/browser/cocoa/extension_installed_bubble_controller_unittest.mm
index ad68c85..adcc426 100644
--- a/chrome/browser/cocoa/extension_installed_bubble_controller_unittest.mm
+++ b/chrome/browser/cocoa/extension_installed_bubble_controller_unittest.mm
@@ -75,8 +75,7 @@ class ExtensionInstalledBubbleControllerTest : public CocoaTest {
   // Create a skeletal framework of either page action or browser action
   // type.  This extension only needs to have a type and a name to initialize
   // the ExtensionInstalledBubble for unit testing.
-  scoped_refptr<Extension> CreateExtension(
-        extension_installed_bubble::ExtensionType type) {
+  Extension* CreateExtension(extension_installed_bubble::ExtensionType type) {
     FilePath path;
     PathService::Get(chrome::DIR_TEST_DATA, &path);
     path = path.AppendASCII("extensions").AppendASCII("dummy");
@@ -99,9 +98,10 @@ class ExtensionInstalledBubbleControllerTest : public CocoaTest {
       extension_input_value.Set(keys::kBrowserAction, browser_action);
     }
 
+    Extension* extension = new Extension(path);
     std::string error;
-    return Extension::Create(
-        path, Extension::INVALID, extension_input_value, false, &error);
+    extension->InitFromValue(extension_input_value, false, &error);
+    return extension;
   }
 
   // Allows us to create the window and browser for testing.
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ class ExtensionInstalledBubbleControllerTest : public CocoaTest {
   Browser* browser_;  // weak, owned by BrowserTestHelper.
 
   // Skeleton extension to be tested; reinitialized for each test.
-  scoped_refptr<Extension> extension_;
+  scoped_ptr<Extension> extension_;
 
   // The icon_ to be loaded into the bubble window.
   SkBitmap icon_;
@@ -122,7 +122,8 @@ class ExtensionInstalledBubbleControllerTest : public CocoaTest {
 
 // Confirm that window sizes are set correctly for a page action extension.
 TEST_F(ExtensionInstalledBubbleControllerTest, PageActionTest) {
-  extension_ = CreateExtension(extension_installed_bubble::kPageAction);
+  extension_.reset(
+      CreateExtension(extension_installed_bubble::kPageAction));
   ExtensionInstalledBubbleControllerForTest* controller =
       [[ExtensionInstalledBubbleControllerForTest alloc]
           initWithParentWindow:window_
@@ -165,7 +166,8 @@ TEST_F(ExtensionInstalledBubbleControllerTest, PageActionTest) {
 }
 
 TEST_F(ExtensionInstalledBubbleControllerTest, BrowserActionTest) {
-  extension_ = CreateExtension(extension_installed_bubble::kBrowserAction);
+  extension_.reset(
+      CreateExtension(extension_installed_bubble::kBrowserAction));
   ExtensionInstalledBubbleControllerForTest* controller =
       [[ExtensionInstalledBubbleControllerForTest alloc]
           initWithParentWindow:window_
diff --git a/chrome/browser/cocoa/extensions/extension_install_prompt_controller_unittest.mm b/chrome/browser/cocoa/extensions/extension_install_prompt_controller_unittest.mm
index 12eadff..f596851 100644
--- a/chrome/browser/cocoa/extensions/extension_install_prompt_controller_unittest.mm
+++ b/chrome/browser/cocoa/extensions/extension_install_prompt_controller_unittest.mm
@@ -60,18 +60,19 @@ public:
       return;
     }
 
-    extension_ = Extension::Create(
-        path.DirName(), Extension::INVALID, *value, false, &error);
-    if (!extension_.get()) {
+    scoped_ptr<Extension> extension(new Extension(path.DirName()));
+    if (!extension->InitFromValue(*value, false, &error)) {
       LOG(ERROR) << error;
       return;
     }
+
+    extension_.reset(extension.release());
   }
 
   BrowserTestHelper helper_;
   FilePath test_data_dir_;
   SkBitmap icon_;
-  scoped_refptr<Extension> extension_;
+  scoped_ptr<Extension> extension_;
 };
 
 
diff --git a/chrome/browser/extensions/convert_user_script.cc b/chrome/browser/extensions/convert_user_script.cc
index 89caec4..d50bec1 100644
--- a/chrome/browser/extensions/convert_user_script.cc
+++ b/chrome/browser/extensions/convert_user_script.cc
@@ -24,9 +24,9 @@
 
 namespace keys = extension_manifest_keys;
 
-scoped_refptr<Extension> ConvertUserScriptToExtension(
-    const FilePath& user_script_path, const GURL& original_url,
-    std::string* error) {
+Extension* ConvertUserScriptToExtension(const FilePath& user_script_path,
+                                        const GURL& original_url,
+                                        std::string* error) {
   std::string content;
   if (!file_util::ReadFileToString(user_script_path, &content)) {
     *error = "Could not read source file: " +
@@ -138,13 +138,12 @@ scoped_refptr<Extension> ConvertUserScriptToExtension(
     return NULL;
   }
 
-  scoped_refptr<Extension> extension = Extension::Create(
-      temp_dir.path(), Extension::INTERNAL, *root, false, error);
-  if (!extension) {
+  scoped_ptr<Extension> extension(new Extension(temp_dir.path()));
+  if (!extension->InitFromValue(*root, false, error)) {
     NOTREACHED() << "Could not init extension " << *error;
     return NULL;
   }
 
   temp_dir.Take();  // The caller takes ownership of the directory.
-  return extension;
+  return extension.release();
 }
diff --git a/chrome/browser/extensions/convert_user_script.h b/chrome/browser/extensions/convert_user_script.h
index d779de0..d392c4d 100644
--- a/chrome/browser/extensions/convert_user_script.h
+++ b/chrome/browser/extensions/convert_user_script.h
@@ -8,8 +8,6 @@
 
 #include <string>
 
-#include "base/ref_counted.h"
-
 class Extension;
 class FilePath;
 class GURL;
@@ -19,7 +17,8 @@ class GURL;
 // should take ownership on success, or NULL and |error| on failure.
 //
 // NOTE: This function does file IO and should not be called on the UI thread.
-scoped_refptr<Extension> ConvertUserScriptToExtension(
-    const FilePath& user_script, const GURL& original_url, std::string* error);
+Extension* ConvertUserScriptToExtension(const FilePath& user_script,
+                                        const GURL& original_url,
+                                        std::string* error);
 
 #endif  // CHROME_BROWSER_EXTENSIONS_CONVERT_USER_SCRIPT_H_
diff --git a/chrome/browser/extensions/convert_user_script_unittest.cc b/chrome/browser/extensions/convert_user_script_unittest.cc
index a0e1b8b..299fee7 100644
--- a/chrome/browser/extensions/convert_user_script_unittest.cc
+++ b/chrome/browser/extensions/convert_user_script_unittest.cc
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ TEST(ExtensionFromUserScript, Basic) {
                        .AppendASCII("user_script_basic.user.js");
 
   std::string error;
-  scoped_refptr<Extension> extension(ConvertUserScriptToExtension(
+  scoped_ptr<Extension> extension(ConvertUserScriptToExtension(
       test_file, GURL("http://www.google.com/foo"), &error));
 
   ASSERT_TRUE(extension.get());
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ TEST(ExtensionFromUserScript, NoMetdata) {
                        .AppendASCII("user_script_no_metadata.user.js");
 
   std::string error;
-  scoped_refptr<Extension> extension(ConvertUserScriptToExtension(
+  scoped_ptr<Extension> extension(ConvertUserScriptToExtension(
       test_file, GURL("http://www.google.com/foo/bar.user.js?monkey"), &error));
 
   ASSERT_TRUE(extension.get());
diff --git a/chrome/browser/extensions/crx_installer.cc b/chrome/browser/extensions/crx_installer.cc
index 83fdcb7..8b523d5 100644
--- a/chrome/browser/extensions/crx_installer.cc
+++ b/chrome/browser/extensions/crx_installer.cc
@@ -141,8 +141,8 @@ void CrxInstaller::InstallUserScript(const FilePath& source_file,
 
 void CrxInstaller::ConvertUserScriptOnFileThread() {
   std::string error;
-  scoped_refptr<Extension> extension =
-      ConvertUserScriptToExtension(source_file_, original_url_, &error);
+  Extension* extension = ConvertUserScriptToExtension(source_file_,
+                                                      original_url_, &error);
   if (!extension) {
     ReportFailureFromFileThread(error);
     return;
@@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ void CrxInstaller::OnUnpackSuccess(const FilePath& temp_dir,
   DCHECK(BrowserThread::CurrentlyOn(BrowserThread::FILE));
 
   // Note: We take ownership of |extension| and |temp_dir|.
-  extension_ = extension;
+  extension_.reset(extension);
   temp_dir_ = temp_dir;
 
   // We don't have to delete the unpack dir explicity since it is a child of
@@ -351,8 +351,8 @@ void CrxInstaller::CompleteInstall() {
   // TODO(aa): All paths to resources inside extensions should be created
   // lazily and based on the Extension's root path at that moment.
   std::string error;
-  extension_ = extension_file_util::LoadExtension(
-      version_dir, install_source_, true, &error);
+  extension_.reset(extension_file_util::LoadExtension(
+      version_dir, install_source_, true, &error));
   DCHECK(error.empty());
 
   ReportSuccessFromFileThread();
@@ -400,8 +400,8 @@ void CrxInstaller::ReportSuccessFromUIThread() {
 
   // Tell the frontend about the installation and hand off ownership of
   // extension_ to it.
-  frontend_->OnExtensionInstalled(extension_, allow_privilege_increase_);
-  extension_ = NULL;
+  frontend_->OnExtensionInstalled(extension_.release(),
+                                  allow_privilege_increase_);
 
   // We're done. We don't post any more tasks to ourselves so we are deleted
   // soon.
diff --git a/chrome/browser/extensions/crx_installer.h b/chrome/browser/extensions/crx_installer.h
index 8263095..b1212a2 100644
--- a/chrome/browser/extensions/crx_installer.h
+++ b/chrome/browser/extensions/crx_installer.h
@@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ class CrxInstaller
 
   // The extension we're installing. We own this and either pass it off to
   // ExtensionsService on success, or delete it on failure.
-  scoped_refptr<Extension> extension_;
+  scoped_ptr<Extension> extension_;
 
   // If non-empty, contains the current version of the extension we're
   // installing (for upgrades).
diff --git a/chrome/browser/extensions/extension_creator.cc b/chrome/browser/extensions/extension_creator.cc
index 8bd68a2..86c78fe 100644
--- a/chrome/browser/extensions/extension_creator.cc
+++ b/chrome/browser/extensions/extension_creator.cc
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ bool ExtensionCreator::InitializeInput(
 
   // Load the extension once. We don't really need it, but this does a lot of
   // useful validation of the structure.
-  scoped_refptr<Extension> extension(
+  scoped_ptr<Extension> extension(
       extension_file_util::LoadExtension(extension_dir,
                                          Extension::INTERNAL,
                                          false,  // key not required
diff --git a/chrome/browser/extensions/extension_icon_manager_unittest.cc b/chrome/browser/extensions/extension_icon_manager_unittest.cc
index 37f3453..51c76ea 100644
--- a/chrome/browser/extensions/extension_icon_manager_unittest.cc
+++ b/chrome/browser/extensions/extension_icon_manager_unittest.cc
@@ -109,26 +109,26 @@ TEST_F(ExtensionIconManagerTest, LoadRemoveLoad) {
       static_cast<DictionaryValue*>(serializer.Deserialize(NULL, NULL)));
   ASSERT_TRUE(manifest.get() != NULL);
 
-  scoped_refptr<Extension> extension(Extension::Create(
-      manifest_path.DirName(), Extension::INVALID, *manifest.get(),
-      false, NULL));
-  ASSERT_TRUE(extension.get());
+  Extension extension(manifest_path.DirName());
+  ASSERT_TRUE(extension.InitFromValue(*manifest.get(),
+                                      false /* require_key */,
+                                      NULL /* errors */));
   TestIconManager icon_manager(this);
 
   // Load the icon and grab the bitmap.
-  icon_manager.LoadIcon(extension.get());
+  icon_manager.LoadIcon(&extension);
   WaitForImageLoad();
-  SkBitmap first_icon = icon_manager.GetIcon(extension->id());
+  SkBitmap first_icon = icon_manager.GetIcon(extension.id());
   EXPECT_FALSE(gfx::BitmapsAreEqual(first_icon, default_icon));
 
   // Remove the icon from the manager.
-  icon_manager.RemoveIcon(extension->id());
+  icon_manager.RemoveIcon(extension.id());
 
   // Now re-load the icon - we should get the same result bitmap (and not the
   // default icon).
-  icon_manager.LoadIcon(extension.get());
+  icon_manager.LoadIcon(&extension);
   WaitForImageLoad();
-  SkBitmap second_icon = icon_manager.GetIcon(extension->id());
+  SkBitmap second_icon = icon_manager.GetIcon(extension.id());
   EXPECT_FALSE(gfx::BitmapsAreEqual(second_icon, default_icon));
 
   EXPECT_TRUE(gfx::BitmapsAreEqual(first_icon, second_icon));
diff --git a/chrome/browser/extensions/extension_info_map_unittest.cc b/chrome/browser/extensions/extension_info_map_unittest.cc
index e417d23..559febb 100644
--- a/chrome/browser/extensions/extension_info_map_unittest.cc
+++ b/chrome/browser/extensions/extension_info_map_unittest.cc
@@ -28,27 +28,27 @@ class ExtensionInfoMapTest : public testing::Test {
 };
 
 // Returns a barebones test Extension object with the given name.
-static scoped_refptr<Extension> CreateExtension(const std::string& name) {
+static Extension* CreateExtension(const std::string& name) {
 #if defined(OS_WIN)
   FilePath path(FILE_PATH_LITERAL("c:\\foo"));
 #elif defined(OS_POSIX)
   FilePath path(FILE_PATH_LITERAL("/foo"));
 #endif
 
+  scoped_ptr<Extension> extension(new Extension(path.AppendASCII(name)));
+
   DictionaryValue manifest;
   manifest.SetString(keys::kVersion, "1.0.0.0");
   manifest.SetString(keys::kName, name);
 
   std::string error;
-  scoped_refptr<Extension> extension = Extension::Create(
-      path.AppendASCII(name), Extension::INVALID, manifest, false, &error);
-  EXPECT_TRUE(extension) << error;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(extension->InitFromValue(manifest, false, &error)) << error;
 
-  return extension;
+  return extension.release();
 }
 
-static scoped_refptr<Extension> LoadManifest(const std::string& dir,
-                                             const std::string& test_file) {
+static Extension* LoadManifest(const std::string& dir,
+                               const std::string& test_file) {
   FilePath path;
   PathService::Get(chrome::DIR_TEST_DATA, &path);
   path = path.AppendASCII("extensions")
@@ -61,12 +61,11 @@ static scoped_refptr<Extension> LoadManifest(const std::string& dir,
     return NULL;
 
   std::string error;
-  scoped_refptr<Extension> extension = Extension::Create(
-      path, Extension::INVALID, *static_cast<DictionaryValue*>(result.get()),
-      false, &error);
-  EXPECT_TRUE(extension) << error;
+  scoped_ptr<Extension> extension(new Extension(path));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(extension->InitFromValue(
+      *static_cast<DictionaryValue*>(result.get()), false, &error)) << error;
 
-  return extension;
+  return extension.release();
 }
 
 // Test that the ExtensionInfoMap handles refcounting properly.
@@ -75,9 +74,9 @@ TEST_F(ExtensionInfoMapTest, RefCounting) {
 
   // New extensions should have a single reference holding onto their static
   // data.
-  scoped_refptr<Extension> extension1(CreateExtension("extension1"));
-  scoped_refptr<Extension> extension2(CreateExtension("extension2"));
-  scoped_refptr<Extension> extension3(CreateExtension("extension3"));
+  scoped_ptr<Extension> extension1(CreateExtension("extension1"));
+  scoped_ptr<Extension> extension2(CreateExtension("extension2"));
+  scoped_ptr<Extension> extension3(CreateExtension("extension3"));
   EXPECT_TRUE(extension1->static_data()->HasOneRef());
   EXPECT_TRUE(extension2->static_data()->HasOneRef());
   EXPECT_TRUE(extension3->static_data()->HasOneRef());
@@ -94,7 +93,7 @@ TEST_F(ExtensionInfoMapTest, RefCounting) {
 
   // Delete extension1, and the info map should have the only ref.
   const Extension::StaticData* data1 = extension1->static_data();
-  extension1 = NULL;
+  extension1.reset();
   EXPECT_TRUE(data1->HasOneRef());
 
   // Remove extension2, and the extension2 object should have the only ref.
@@ -110,8 +109,8 @@ TEST_F(ExtensionInfoMapTest, RefCounting) {
 TEST_F(ExtensionInfoMapTest, Properties) {
   scoped_refptr<ExtensionInfoMap> info_map(new ExtensionInfoMap());
 
-  scoped_refptr<Extension> extension1(CreateExtension("extension1"));
-  scoped_refptr<Extension> extension2(CreateExtension("extension2"));
+  scoped_ptr<Extension> extension1(CreateExtension("extension1"));
+  scoped_ptr<Extension> extension2(CreateExtension("extension2"));
 
   extension1->static_data()->AddRef();
   info_map->AddExtension(extension1->static_data());
@@ -133,9 +132,9 @@ TEST_F(ExtensionInfoMapTest, Properties) {
 TEST_F(ExtensionInfoMapTest, CheckPermissions) {
   scoped_refptr<ExtensionInfoMap> info_map(new ExtensionInfoMap());
 
-  scoped_refptr<Extension> app(LoadManifest("manifest_tests",
+  scoped_ptr<Extension> app(LoadManifest("manifest_tests",
                                          "valid_app.json"));
-  scoped_refptr<Extension> extension(LoadManifest("manifest_tests",
+  scoped_ptr<Extension> extension(LoadManifest("manifest_tests",
                                                "tabs_extension.json"));
 
   GURL app_url("http://www.google.com/mail/foo.html");
diff --git a/chrome/browser/extensions/extension_menu_manager_unittest.cc b/chrome/browser/extensions/extension_menu_manager_unittest.cc
index 489b5c6..0b653ba 100644
--- a/chrome/browser/extensions/extension_menu_manager_unittest.cc
+++ b/chrome/browser/extensions/extension_menu_manager_unittest.cc
@@ -44,14 +44,14 @@ class ExtensionMenuManagerTest : public testing::Test {
   // Creates and returns a test Extension. The caller does *not* own the return
   // value.
   Extension* AddExtension(std::string name) {
-    scoped_refptr<Extension> extension = prefs_.AddExtension(name);
+    Extension* extension = prefs_.AddExtension(name);
     extensions_.push_back(extension);
     return extension;
   }
 
  protected:
   ExtensionMenuManager manager_;
-  ExtensionList extensions_;
+  ScopedVector<Extension> extensions_;
   TestExtensionPrefs prefs_;
   int next_id_;
 
diff --git a/chrome/browser/extensions/extension_pref_store_unittest.cc b/chrome/browser/extensions/extension_pref_store_unittest.cc
index 90bed62..aebe5e6 100644
--- a/chrome/browser/extensions/extension_pref_store_unittest.cc
+++ b/chrome/browser/extensions/extension_pref_store_unittest.cc
@@ -17,8 +17,6 @@
 #include "testing/gmock/include/gmock/gmock.h"
 #include "testing/gtest/include/gtest/gtest.h"
 
-namespace keys = extension_manifest_keys;
-
 namespace {
 
 class TestExtensionPrefStore : public ExtensionPrefStore {
@@ -34,25 +32,20 @@ class TestExtensionPrefStore : public ExtensionPrefStore {
       ADD_FAILURE() << "Failed to create temp dir";
       return;
     }
-    DictionaryValue simple_dict;
+    DictionaryValue empty_dict;
     std::string error;
 
-    simple_dict.SetString(keys::kVersion, "1.0.0.0");
-    simple_dict.SetString(keys::kName, "unused");
-
-    ext1_scoped_ = Extension::Create(
-        temp_dir_.path().AppendASCII("ext1"), Extension::INVALID,
-        simple_dict, false, &error);
-    ext2_scoped_ = Extension::Create(
-        temp_dir_.path().AppendASCII("ext2"), Extension::INVALID,
-        simple_dict, false, &error);
-    ext3_scoped_ = Extension::Create(
-        temp_dir_.path().AppendASCII("ext3"), Extension::INVALID,
-        simple_dict, false, &error);
+    ext1_scoped_.reset(new Extension(temp_dir_.path().AppendASCII("ext1")));
+    ext2_scoped_.reset(new Extension(temp_dir_.path().AppendASCII("ext2")));
+    ext3_scoped_.reset(new Extension(temp_dir_.path().AppendASCII("ext3")));
 
     ext1 = ext1_scoped_.get();
     ext2 = ext2_scoped_.get();
     ext3 = ext3_scoped_.get();
+
+    EXPECT_FALSE(ext1->InitFromValue(empty_dict, false, &error));
+    EXPECT_FALSE(ext2->InitFromValue(empty_dict, false, &error));
+    EXPECT_FALSE(ext3->InitFromValue(empty_dict, false, &error));
   }
 
   typedef std::vector<std::string> ExtensionIDs;
@@ -77,9 +70,9 @@ class TestExtensionPrefStore : public ExtensionPrefStore {
  private:
   ScopedTempDir temp_dir_;
 
-  scoped_refptr<Extension> ext1_scoped_;
-  scoped_refptr<Extension> ext2_scoped_;
-  scoped_refptr<Extension> ext3_scoped_;
+  scoped_ptr<Extension> ext1_scoped_;
+  scoped_ptr<Extension> ext2_scoped_;
+  scoped_ptr<Extension> ext3_scoped_;
 
   // Weak reference.
   PrefService* pref_service_;
diff --git a/chrome/browser/extensions/extension_prefs_unittest.cc b/chrome/browser/extensions/extension_prefs_unittest.cc
index c8d1967..8275a99 100644
--- a/chrome/browser/extensions/extension_prefs_unittest.cc
+++ b/chrome/browser/extensions/extension_prefs_unittest.cc
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ TEST_F(ExtensionPrefsToolbarOrder, ToolbarOrder) {}
 class ExtensionPrefsExtensionState : public ExtensionPrefsTest {
  public:
   virtual void Initialize() {
-    extension = prefs_.AddExtension("test");
+    extension.reset(prefs_.AddExtension("test"));
     prefs()->SetExtensionState(extension.get(), Extension::DISABLED);
   }
 
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ class ExtensionPrefsExtensionState : public ExtensionPrefsTest {
   }
 
  private:
-  scoped_refptr<Extension> extension;
+  scoped_ptr<Extension> extension;
 };
 TEST_F(ExtensionPrefsExtensionState, ExtensionState) {}
 
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ TEST_F(ExtensionPrefsExtensionState, ExtensionState) {}
 class ExtensionPrefsEscalatePermissions : public ExtensionPrefsTest {
  public:
   virtual void Initialize() {
-    extension = prefs_.AddExtension("test");
+    extension.reset(prefs_.AddExtension("test"));
     prefs()->SetDidExtensionEscalatePermissions(extension.get(), true);
   }
 
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ class ExtensionPrefsEscalatePermissions : public ExtensionPrefsTest {
   }
 
  private:
-  scoped_refptr<Extension> extension;
+  scoped_ptr<Extension> extension;
 };
 TEST_F(ExtensionPrefsEscalatePermissions, EscalatePermissions) {}
 
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ TEST_F(ExtensionPrefsEscalatePermissions, EscalatePermissions) {}
 class ExtensionPrefsVersionString : public ExtensionPrefsTest {
  public:
   virtual void Initialize() {
-    extension = prefs_.AddExtension("test");
+    extension.reset(prefs_.AddExtension("test"));
     EXPECT_EQ("0.1", prefs()->GetVersionString(extension->id()));
     prefs()->OnExtensionUninstalled(extension->id(),
                                     Extension::INTERNAL, false);
@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ class ExtensionPrefsVersionString : public ExtensionPrefsTest {
   }
 
  private:
-  scoped_refptr<Extension> extension;
+  scoped_ptr<Extension> extension;
 };
 TEST_F(ExtensionPrefsVersionString, VersionString) {}
 
@@ -173,11 +173,11 @@ class ExtensionPrefsBlacklist : public ExtensionPrefsTest {
     // Install 5 extensions.
     for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
       std::string name = "test" + base::IntToString(i);
-      extensions_.push_back(prefs_.AddExtension(name));
+      extensions_.push_back(linked_ptr<Extension>(prefs_.AddExtension(name)));
     }
     EXPECT_EQ(NULL, prefs()->GetInstalledExtensionInfo(not_installed_id_));
 
-    ExtensionList::const_iterator iter;
+    std::vector<linked_ptr<Extension> >::const_iterator iter;
     for (iter = extensions_.begin(); iter != extensions_.end(); ++iter) {
       EXPECT_FALSE(prefs()->IsExtensionBlacklisted((*iter)->id()));
     }
@@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ class ExtensionPrefsBlacklist : public ExtensionPrefsTest {
     EXPECT_TRUE(prefs()->IsExtensionBlacklisted(not_installed_id_));
 
     // Make sure the other id's are not blacklisted.
-    ExtensionList::const_iterator iter;
+    std::vector<linked_ptr<Extension> >::const_iterator iter;
     for (iter = extensions_.begin() + 1; iter != extensions_.end(); ++iter) {
       EXPECT_FALSE(prefs()->IsExtensionBlacklisted((*iter)->id()));
     }
@@ -212,7 +212,7 @@ class ExtensionPrefsBlacklist : public ExtensionPrefsTest {
   }
 
  private:
-  ExtensionList extensions_;
+  std::vector<linked_ptr<Extension> > extensions_;
 
   // An id we'll make up that doesn't match any installed extension id.
   std::string not_installed_id_;
@@ -315,7 +315,7 @@ TEST_F(ExtensionPrefsIdleInstallInfo, IdleInstallInfo) {}
 class ExtensionPrefsOnExtensionInstalled : public ExtensionPrefsTest {
  public:
   virtual void Initialize() {
-    extension_ = prefs_.AddExtension("on_extension_installed");
+    extension_.reset(prefs_.AddExtension("on_extension_installed"));
     EXPECT_EQ(Extension::ENABLED,
               prefs()->GetExtensionState(extension_->id()));
     EXPECT_FALSE(prefs()->IsIncognitoEnabled(extension_->id()));
@@ -330,7 +330,7 @@ class ExtensionPrefsOnExtensionInstalled : public ExtensionPrefsTest {
   }
 
  private:
-  scoped_refptr<Extension> extension_;
+  scoped_ptr<Extension> extension_;
 };
 TEST_F(ExtensionPrefsOnExtensionInstalled,
        ExtensionPrefsOnExtensionInstalled) {}
@@ -341,7 +341,7 @@ public:
     // No extensions yet.
     EXPECT_EQ(0, prefs()->GetNextAppLaunchIndex());
 
-    extension_ = prefs_.AddExtension("on_extension_installed");
+    extension_.reset(prefs_.AddExtension("on_extension_installed"));
     EXPECT_EQ(Extension::ENABLED,
         prefs()->GetExtensionState(extension_->id()));
     prefs()->OnExtensionInstalled(extension_.get(),
@@ -364,6 +364,6 @@ public:
   }
 
 private:
-  scoped_refptr<Extension> extension_;
+  scoped_ptr<Extension> extension_;
 };
 TEST_F(ExtensionPrefsAppLaunchIndex, ExtensionPrefsAppLaunchIndex) {}
diff --git a/chrome/browser/extensions/extension_ui_unittest.cc b/chrome/browser/extensions/extension_ui_unittest.cc
index 1bda60a..ba429ba 100644
--- a/chrome/browser/extensions/extension_ui_unittest.cc
+++ b/chrome/browser/extensions/extension_ui_unittest.cc
@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ namespace {
 #elif defined(OS_POSIX)
     FilePath path(FILE_PATH_LITERAL("/foo"));
 #endif
+    Extension extension(path);
     std::string error;
 
     FilePath manifest_path = extension_path.Append(
@@ -40,10 +41,7 @@ namespace {
     scoped_ptr<DictionaryValue> extension_data(DeserializeJSONTestData(
         manifest_path, &error));
     EXPECT_EQ("", error);
-
-    scoped_refptr<Extension> extension(Extension::Create(
-        path, Extension::INVALID, *extension_data, true, &error));
-    EXPECT_TRUE(extension.get());
+    EXPECT_TRUE(extension.InitFromValue(*extension_data, true, &error));
     EXPECT_EQ("", error);
 
     scoped_ptr<DictionaryValue> expected_output_data(DeserializeJSONTestData(
@@ -52,7 +50,7 @@ namespace {
 
     // Produce test output.
     scoped_ptr<DictionaryValue> actual_output_data(
-        ExtensionsDOMHandler::CreateExtensionDetailValue(NULL, extension.get(),
+        ExtensionsDOMHandler::CreateExtensionDetailValue(NULL, &extension,
                                                          pages, true));
 
     // Compare the outputs.
diff --git a/chrome/browser/extensions/extension_updater_unittest.cc b/chrome/browser/extensions/extension_updater_unittest.cc
index bae09c6..7989e7a 100644
--- a/chrome/browser/extensions/extension_updater_unittest.cc
+++ b/chrome/browser/extensions/extension_updater_unittest.cc
@@ -94,8 +94,7 @@ class MockService : public ExtensionUpdateService {
                          base::StringPrintf("Extension %d", i));
       if (update_url)
         manifest.SetString(extension_manifest_keys::kUpdateURL, *update_url);
-      scoped_refptr<Extension> e =
-          prefs_.AddExtensionWithManifest(manifest, location);
+      Extension* e = prefs_.AddExtensionWithManifest(manifest, location);
       ASSERT_TRUE(e != NULL);
       list->push_back(e);
     }
@@ -344,6 +343,10 @@ class ExtensionUpdaterTest : public testing::Test {
       EXPECT_EQ(extensions[0]->VersionString(), params["v"]);
     }
     EXPECT_EQ("", params["uc"]);
+
+    if (!pending) {
+      STLDeleteElements(&extensions);
+    }
   }
 
   static void TestBlacklistUpdateCheckRequests() {
@@ -435,6 +438,7 @@ class ExtensionUpdaterTest : public testing::Test {
     updateable = updater->DetermineUpdates(fetch_data, updates);
     EXPECT_EQ(1u, updateable.size());
     EXPECT_EQ(0, updateable[0]);
+    STLDeleteElements(&tmp);
   }
 
   static void TestDetermineUpdatesPending() {
@@ -784,6 +788,8 @@ class ExtensionUpdaterTest : public testing::Test {
       size_t pos = url1_query.find(search_string);
       EXPECT_TRUE(pos != std::string::npos);
     }
+
+    STLDeleteElements(&tmp);
   }
 
   // This makes sure that the extension updater properly stores the results
@@ -815,6 +821,8 @@ class ExtensionUpdaterTest : public testing::Test {
     EXPECT_FALSE(last_ping_day.is_null());
     int64 seconds_diff = (Time::Now() - last_ping_day).InSeconds();
     EXPECT_LT(seconds_diff - results.daystart_elapsed_seconds, 5);
+
+    STLDeleteElements(&tmp);
   }
 };
 
@@ -886,6 +894,7 @@ TEST(ExtensionUpdaterTest, TestManifestFetchesBuilderAddExtension) {
     ASSERT_FALSE(extensions.empty());
     builder.AddExtension(*extensions[0]);
     EXPECT_TRUE(builder.GetFetches().empty());
+    STLDeleteElements(&extensions);
   }
 
   // Extensions with invalid update URLs should be rejected.
diff --git a/chrome/browser/extensions/extensions_service.cc b/chrome/browser/extensions/extensions_service.cc
index 205611e..feb12941 100644
--- a/chrome/browser/extensions/extensions_service.cc
+++ b/chrome/browser/extensions/extensions_service.cc
@@ -293,7 +293,7 @@ void ExtensionsServiceBackend::LoadSingleExtension(
   file_util::AbsolutePath(&extension_path);
 
   std::string error;
-  scoped_refptr<Extension> extension = extension_file_util::LoadExtension(
+  Extension* extension = extension_file_util::LoadExtension(
       extension_path,
       Extension::LOAD,
       false,  // Don't require id
@@ -421,7 +421,7 @@ void ExtensionsServiceBackend::ReloadExtensionManifests(
 
     // We need to reload original manifest in order to localize properly.
     std::string error;
-    scoped_refptr<Extension> extension(extension_file_util::LoadExtension(
+    scoped_ptr<Extension> extension(extension_file_util::LoadExtension(
         info->extension_path, info->extension_location, false, &error));
 
     if (extension.get())
@@ -894,19 +894,20 @@ void ExtensionsService::LoadComponentExtensions() {
       continue;
     }
 
+    scoped_ptr<Extension> extension(new Extension(it->root_directory));
+    extension->set_location(Extension::COMPONENT);
+
     std::string error;
-    scoped_refptr<Extension> extension(Extension::Create(
-        it->root_directory,
-        Extension::COMPONENT,
-        *static_cast<DictionaryValue*>(manifest.get()),
-        true,  // require key
-        &error));
-    if (!extension.get()) {
+    if (!extension->InitFromValue(
+            *static_cast<DictionaryValue*>(manifest.get()),
+            true,  // require key
+            &error)) {
       NOTREACHED() << error;
       return;
     }
 
-    OnExtensionLoaded(extension, false);  // Don't allow privilege increase.
+    OnExtensionLoaded(extension.release(), false);  // Don't allow privilege
+                                                    // increase.
   }
 }
 
@@ -1035,14 +1036,15 @@ void ExtensionsService::ContinueLoadAllExtensions(
 void ExtensionsService::LoadInstalledExtension(const ExtensionInfo& info,
                                                bool write_to_prefs) {
   std::string error;
-  scoped_refptr<Extension> extension(NULL);
+  Extension* extension = NULL;
   if (!extension_prefs_->IsExtensionAllowedByPolicy(info.extension_id)) {
     error = errors::kDisabledByPolicy;
   } else if (info.extension_manifest.get()) {
+    scoped_ptr<Extension> tmp(new Extension(info.extension_path));
     bool require_key = info.extension_location != Extension::LOAD;
-    extension = Extension::Create(
-        info.extension_path, info.extension_location, *info.extension_manifest,
-        require_key, &error);
+    tmp->set_location(info.extension_location);
+    if (tmp->InitFromValue(*info.extension_manifest, require_key, &error))
+      extension = tmp.release();
   } else {
     error = errors::kManifestUnreadable;
   }
@@ -1310,7 +1312,7 @@ void ExtensionsService::CheckForExternalUpdates() {
 
 void ExtensionsService::UnloadExtension(const std::string& extension_id) {
   // Make sure the extension gets deleted after we return from this function.
-  scoped_refptr<Extension> extension(
+  scoped_ptr<Extension> extension(
       GetExtensionByIdInternal(extension_id, true, true));
 
   // Callers should not send us nonexistent extensions.
@@ -1348,7 +1350,11 @@ void ExtensionsService::UnloadExtension(const std::string& extension_id) {
 }
 
 void ExtensionsService::UnloadAllExtensions() {
+  STLDeleteContainerPointers(extensions_.begin(), extensions_.end());
   extensions_.clear();
+
+  STLDeleteContainerPointers(disabled_extensions_.begin(),
+                             disabled_extensions_.end());
   disabled_extensions_.clear();
 
   // TODO(erikkay) should there be a notification for this?  We can't use
@@ -1393,7 +1399,7 @@ void ExtensionsService::OnLoadedInstalledExtensions() {
 void ExtensionsService::OnExtensionLoaded(Extension* extension,
                                           bool allow_privilege_increase) {
   // Ensure extension is deleted unless we transfer ownership.
-  scoped_refptr<Extension> scoped_extension(extension);
+  scoped_ptr<Extension> scoped_extension(extension);
 
   // The extension is now loaded, remove its data from unloaded extension map.
   unloaded_extension_paths_.erase(extension->id());
@@ -1440,7 +1446,7 @@ void ExtensionsService::OnExtensionLoaded(Extension* extension,
 
     switch (extension_prefs_->GetExtensionState(extension->id())) {
       case Extension::ENABLED:
-        extensions_.push_back(scoped_extension);
+        extensions_.push_back(scoped_extension.release());
 
         NotifyExtensionLoaded(extension);
 
@@ -1448,7 +1454,7 @@ void ExtensionsService::OnExtensionLoaded(Extension* extension,
             extension->GetChromeURLOverrides());
         break;
       case Extension::DISABLED:
-        disabled_extensions_.push_back(scoped_extension);
+        disabled_extensions_.push_back(scoped_extension.release());
         NotificationService::current()->Notify(
             NotificationType::EXTENSION_UPDATE_DISABLED,
             Source<Profile>(profile_),
@@ -1488,7 +1494,7 @@ void ExtensionsService::UpdateActiveExtensionsInCrashReporter() {
 void ExtensionsService::OnExtensionInstalled(Extension* extension,
                                              bool allow_privilege_increase) {
   // Ensure extension is deleted unless we transfer ownership.
-  scoped_refptr<Extension> scoped_extension(extension);
+  scoped_ptr<Extension> scoped_extension(extension);
   Extension::State initial_state = Extension::DISABLED;
   bool initial_enable_incognito = false;
   PendingExtensionMap::iterator it =
@@ -1625,7 +1631,7 @@ void ExtensionsService::OnExtensionInstalled(Extension* extension,
   }
 
   // Transfer ownership of |extension| to OnExtensionLoaded.
-  OnExtensionLoaded(scoped_extension, allow_privilege_increase);
+  OnExtensionLoaded(scoped_extension.release(), allow_privilege_increase);
 }
 
 Extension* ExtensionsService::GetExtensionByIdInternal(const std::string& id,
diff --git a/chrome/browser/extensions/image_loading_tracker_unittest.cc b/chrome/browser/extensions/image_loading_tracker_unittest.cc
index d23e2f6..f796a36 100644
--- a/chrome/browser/extensions/image_loading_tracker_unittest.cc
+++ b/chrome/browser/extensions/image_loading_tracker_unittest.cc
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ class ImageLoadingTrackerTest : public testing::Test,
     return result;
   }
 
-  scoped_refptr<Extension> CreateExtension() {
+  Extension* CreateExtension() {
     // Create and load an extension.
     FilePath test_file;
     if (!PathService::Get(chrome::DIR_TEST_DATA, &test_file)) {
@@ -74,8 +74,11 @@ class ImageLoadingTrackerTest : public testing::Test,
     if (!valid_value.get())
       return NULL;
 
-    return Extension::Create(
-        test_file, Extension::INVALID, *valid_value, false, &error);
+    scoped_ptr<Extension> extension(new Extension(test_file));
+    if (!extension->InitFromValue(*valid_value, false, &error))
+      return NULL;
+
+    return extension.release();
   }
 
   SkBitmap image_;
@@ -96,7 +99,7 @@ class ImageLoadingTrackerTest : public testing::Test,
 
 // Tests asking ImageLoadingTracker to cache pushes the result to the Extension.
 TEST_F(ImageLoadingTrackerTest, Cache) {
-  scoped_refptr<Extension> extension(CreateExtension());
+  scoped_ptr<Extension> extension(CreateExtension());
   ASSERT_TRUE(extension.get() != NULL);
 
   ExtensionResource image_resource =
@@ -143,7 +146,7 @@ TEST_F(ImageLoadingTrackerTest, Cache) {
 // Tests deleting an extension while waiting for the image to load doesn't cause
 // problems.
 TEST_F(ImageLoadingTrackerTest, DeleteExtensionWhileWaitingForCache) {
-  scoped_refptr<Extension> extension(CreateExtension());
+  scoped_ptr<Extension> extension(CreateExtension());
   ASSERT_TRUE(extension.get() != NULL);
 
   ExtensionResource image_resource =
@@ -167,7 +170,7 @@ TEST_F(ImageLoadingTrackerTest, DeleteExtensionWhileWaitingForCache) {
 
   // Chuck the extension, that way if anyone tries to access it we should crash
   // or get valgrind errors.
-  extension = NULL;
+  extension.reset();
 
   WaitForImageLoad();
 
diff --git a/chrome/browser/extensions/sandboxed_extension_unpacker.cc b/chrome/browser/extensions/sandboxed_extension_unpacker.cc
index ea5ec64..fc8aea8 100644
--- a/chrome/browser/extensions/sandboxed_extension_unpacker.cc
+++ b/chrome/browser/extensions/sandboxed_extension_unpacker.cc
@@ -140,20 +140,18 @@ void SandboxedExtensionUnpacker::OnUnpackExtensionSucceeded(
   // extension was unpacked to. We use this until the extension is finally
   // installed. For example, the install UI shows images from inside the
   // extension.
+  extension_.reset(new Extension(extension_root_));
 
   // Localize manifest now, so confirm UI gets correct extension name.
   std::string error;
-  if (!extension_l10n_util::LocalizeExtension(extension_root_,
+  if (!extension_l10n_util::LocalizeExtension(extension_.get(),
                                               final_manifest.get(),
                                               &error)) {
     ReportFailure(error);
     return;
   }
 
-  extension_ = Extension::Create(
-      extension_root_, Extension::INTERNAL, *final_manifest, true, &error);
-
-  if (!extension_.get()) {
+  if (!extension_->InitFromValue(*final_manifest, true, &error)) {
     ReportFailure(std::string("Manifest is invalid: ") + error);
     return;
   }
@@ -272,8 +270,8 @@ void SandboxedExtensionUnpacker::ReportFailure(const std::string& error) {
 
 void SandboxedExtensionUnpacker::ReportSuccess() {
   // Client takes ownership of temporary directory and extension.
-  client_->OnUnpackSuccess(temp_dir_.Take(), extension_root_, extension_);
-  extension_ = NULL;
+  client_->OnUnpackSuccess(temp_dir_.Take(), extension_root_,
+                           extension_.release());
 }
 
 DictionaryValue* SandboxedExtensionUnpacker::RewriteManifestFile(
diff --git a/chrome/browser/extensions/sandboxed_extension_unpacker.h b/chrome/browser/extensions/sandboxed_extension_unpacker.h
index 383156b..8df1414 100644
--- a/chrome/browser/extensions/sandboxed_extension_unpacker.h
+++ b/chrome/browser/extensions/sandboxed_extension_unpacker.h
@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ class SandboxedExtensionUnpacker : public UtilityProcessHost::Client {
   FilePath extension_root_;
 
   // Represents the extension we're unpacking.
-  scoped_refptr<Extension> extension_;
+  scoped_ptr<Extension> extension_;
 
   // Whether we've received a response from the utility process yet.
   bool got_response_;
diff --git a/chrome/browser/extensions/sandboxed_extension_unpacker_unittest.cc b/chrome/browser/extensions/sandboxed_extension_unpacker_unittest.cc
index 0ba87d5..d461ff4 100644
--- a/chrome/browser/extensions/sandboxed_extension_unpacker_unittest.cc
+++ b/chrome/browser/extensions/sandboxed_extension_unpacker_unittest.cc
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ using testing::Invoke;
 void OnUnpackSuccess(const FilePath& temp_dir,
                      const FilePath& extension_root,
                      Extension* extension) {
+  delete extension;
   // Don't delete temp_dir here, we need to do some post op checking.
 }
 
diff --git a/chrome/browser/extensions/test_extension_prefs.cc b/chrome/browser/extensions/test_extension_prefs.cc
index 2cbb2d1..a32f847 100644
--- a/chrome/browser/extensions/test_extension_prefs.cc
+++ b/chrome/browser/extensions/test_extension_prefs.cc
@@ -45,25 +45,22 @@ void TestExtensionPrefs::RecreateExtensionPrefs() {
   prefs_.reset(new ExtensionPrefs(pref_service_.get(), temp_dir_.path()));
 }
 
-scoped_refptr<Extension> TestExtensionPrefs::AddExtension(std::string name) {
+Extension* TestExtensionPrefs::AddExtension(std::string name) {
   DictionaryValue dictionary;
   dictionary.SetString(extension_manifest_keys::kName, name);
   dictionary.SetString(extension_manifest_keys::kVersion, "0.1");
   return AddExtensionWithManifest(dictionary, Extension::INTERNAL);
 }
 
-scoped_refptr<Extension> TestExtensionPrefs::AddExtensionWithManifest(
+Extension* TestExtensionPrefs::AddExtensionWithManifest(
     const DictionaryValue& manifest, Extension::Location location) {
   std::string name;
   EXPECT_TRUE(manifest.GetString(extension_manifest_keys::kName, &name));
   FilePath path =  extensions_dir_.AppendASCII(name);
+  Extension* extension = new Extension(path);
   std::string errors;
-  scoped_refptr<Extension> extension = Extension::Create(
-      path, location, manifest, false, &errors);
-  EXPECT_TRUE(extension);
-  if (!extension)
-    return NULL;
-
+  extension->set_location(location);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(extension->InitFromValue(manifest, false, &errors));
   EXPECT_TRUE(Extension::IdIsValid(extension->id()));
   const bool kInitialIncognitoEnabled = false;
   prefs_->OnExtensionInstalled(extension, Extension::ENABLED,
@@ -72,6 +69,6 @@ scoped_refptr<Extension> TestExtensionPrefs::AddExtensionWithManifest(
 }
 
 std::string TestExtensionPrefs::AddExtensionAndReturnId(std::string name) {
-  scoped_refptr<Extension> extension(AddExtension(name));
+  scoped_ptr<Extension> extension(AddExtension(name));
   return extension->id();
 }
diff --git a/chrome/browser/extensions/test_extension_prefs.h b/chrome/browser/extensions/test_extension_prefs.h
index cb723b2..1523bee 100644
--- a/chrome/browser/extensions/test_extension_prefs.h
+++ b/chrome/browser/extensions/test_extension_prefs.h
@@ -34,11 +34,11 @@ class TestExtensionPrefs {
 
   // Creates a new Extension with the given name in our temp dir, adds it to
   // our ExtensionPrefs, and returns it.
-  scoped_refptr<Extension> AddExtension(std::string name);
+  Extension* AddExtension(std::string name);
 
   // Similar to AddExtension, but takes a dictionary with manifest values.
-  scoped_refptr<Extension> AddExtensionWithManifest(
-      const DictionaryValue& manifest, Extension::Location location);
+  Extension* AddExtensionWithManifest(const DictionaryValue& manifest,
+                                      Extension::Location location);
 
   // Similar to AddExtension, this adds a new test Extension. This is useful for
   // cases when you don't need the Extension object, but just the id it was
diff --git a/chrome/browser/sync/glue/extension_util_unittest.cc b/chrome/browser/sync/glue/extension_util_unittest.cc
index 47c7830..56cf24e 100644
--- a/chrome/browser/sync/glue/extension_util_unittest.cc
+++ b/chrome/browser/sync/glue/extension_util_unittest.cc
@@ -36,12 +36,10 @@ const char kName2[] = "MyExtension2";
 class ExtensionUtilTest : public testing::Test {
 };
 
-scoped_refptr<Extension> MakeExtension(
-    bool is_theme, const GURL& update_url,
-    const GURL& launch_url,
-    bool converted_from_user_script,
-    Extension::Location location, int num_plugins,
-    const FilePath& extension_path) {
+void MakeExtension(bool is_theme, const GURL& update_url,
+                   const GURL& launch_url, bool converted_from_user_script,
+                   Extension::Location location, int num_plugins,
+                   Extension* extension) {
   DictionaryValue source;
   source.SetString(extension_manifest_keys::kName,
                    "PossiblySyncableExtension");
@@ -70,123 +68,121 @@ scoped_refptr<Extension> MakeExtension(
   }
 
   std::string error;
-  scoped_refptr<Extension> extension = Extension::Create(
-      extension_path, location, source, false, &error);
 #if defined(OS_CHROMEOS)
   if (num_plugins > 0) {  // plugins are illegal in extensions on chrome os.
-    EXPECT_FALSE(extension);
-    return NULL;
+    EXPECT_FALSE(extension->InitFromValue(source, false, &error));
+    return;
   }
 #endif
-  EXPECT_TRUE(extension);
+  extension->set_location(location);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(extension->InitFromValue(source, false, &error));
   EXPECT_EQ("", error);
-  return extension;
 }
 
 TEST_F(ExtensionUtilTest, GetExtensionType) {
   {
     FilePath file_path(kExtensionFilePath);
-    scoped_refptr<Extension> extension(
-        MakeExtension(false, GURL(), GURL(), false,
-                      Extension::INTERNAL, 0, file_path));
-    EXPECT_EQ(EXTENSION, GetExtensionType(*extension));
+    Extension extension(file_path);
+    MakeExtension(false, GURL(), GURL(), false,
+                  Extension::INTERNAL, 0, &extension);
+    EXPECT_EQ(EXTENSION, GetExtensionType(extension));
   }
   {
     FilePath file_path(kExtensionFilePath);
-    scoped_refptr<Extension> extension(
-        MakeExtension(true, GURL(), GURL(), false,
-                      Extension::INTERNAL, 0, file_path));
-    EXPECT_EQ(THEME, GetExtensionType(*extension));
+    Extension extension(file_path);
+    MakeExtension(true, GURL(), GURL(), false,
+                  Extension::INTERNAL, 0, &extension);
+    EXPECT_EQ(THEME, GetExtensionType(extension));
   }
   {
     FilePath file_path(kExtensionFilePath);
-    scoped_refptr<Extension> extension(
-        MakeExtension(false, GURL(), GURL(), true,
-                      Extension::INTERNAL, 0, file_path));
-    EXPECT_EQ(LOCAL_USER_SCRIPT, GetExtensionType(*extension));
+    Extension extension(file_path);
+    MakeExtension(false, GURL(), GURL(), true,
+                  Extension::INTERNAL, 0, &extension);
+    EXPECT_EQ(LOCAL_USER_SCRIPT, GetExtensionType(extension));
   }
   {
     FilePath file_path(kExtensionFilePath);
-    scoped_refptr<Extension> extension(
-        MakeExtension(false, GURL("http://www.google.com"), GURL(), true,
-                      Extension::INTERNAL, 0, file_path));
-    EXPECT_EQ(UPDATEABLE_USER_SCRIPT, GetExtensionType(*extension));
+    Extension extension(file_path);
+    MakeExtension(false, GURL("http://www.google.com"), GURL(), true,
+                  Extension::INTERNAL, 0, &extension);
+    EXPECT_EQ(UPDATEABLE_USER_SCRIPT, GetExtensionType(extension));
   }
   {
     FilePath file_path(kExtensionFilePath);
-    scoped_refptr<Extension> extension(
-        MakeExtension(false, GURL(),
-                      GURL("http://www.google.com"), false,
-                      Extension::INTERNAL, 0, file_path));
-    EXPECT_EQ(APP, GetExtensionType(*extension));
+    Extension extension(file_path);
+    MakeExtension(false, GURL(),
+                  GURL("http://www.google.com"), false,
+                  Extension::INTERNAL, 0, &extension);
+    EXPECT_EQ(APP, GetExtensionType(extension));
   }
 }
 
 TEST_F(ExtensionUtilTest, IsExtensionValid) {
   {
     FilePath file_path(kExtensionFilePath);
-    scoped_refptr<Extension> extension(
-        MakeExtension(false, GURL(), GURL(), false,
-                      Extension::INTERNAL, 0, file_path));
-    EXPECT_TRUE(IsExtensionValid(*extension));
+    Extension extension(file_path);
+    MakeExtension(false, GURL(), GURL(), false,
+                  Extension::INTERNAL, 0, &extension);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(IsExtensionValid(extension));
   }
   {
     FilePath file_path(kExtensionFilePath);
-    scoped_refptr<Extension> extension(
-        MakeExtension(false, GURL(kValidUpdateUrl1), GURL(),
-                      true, Extension::INTERNAL, 0, file_path));
-    EXPECT_TRUE(IsExtensionValid(*extension));
+    Extension extension(file_path);
+    MakeExtension(false, GURL(kValidUpdateUrl1), GURL(),
+                  true, Extension::INTERNAL, 0, &extension);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(IsExtensionValid(extension));
   }
   {
     FilePath file_path(kExtensionFilePath);
-    scoped_refptr<Extension> extension(
-        MakeExtension(false, GURL(), GURL(), true,
-                      Extension::INTERNAL, 0, file_path));
-    EXPECT_TRUE(IsExtensionValid(*extension));
+    Extension extension(file_path);
+    MakeExtension(false, GURL(), GURL(), true,
+                  Extension::INTERNAL, 0, &extension);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(IsExtensionValid(extension));
   }
   {
     FilePath file_path(kExtensionFilePath);
-    scoped_refptr<Extension> extension(
-        MakeExtension(true, GURL(), GURL(), false,
-                      Extension::INTERNAL, 0, file_path));
-    EXPECT_TRUE(IsExtensionValid(*extension));
+    Extension extension(file_path);
+    MakeExtension(true, GURL(), GURL(), false,
+                  Extension::INTERNAL, 0, &extension);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(IsExtensionValid(extension));
   }
   {
     FilePath file_path(kExtensionFilePath);
-    scoped_refptr<Extension> extension(
-        MakeExtension(false, GURL(),
-                      GURL("http://www.google.com"), false,
-                      Extension::INTERNAL, 0, file_path));
-    EXPECT_TRUE(IsExtensionValid(*extension));
+    Extension extension(file_path);
+    MakeExtension(false, GURL(),
+                  GURL("http://www.google.com"), false,
+                  Extension::INTERNAL, 0, &extension);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(IsExtensionValid(extension));
   }
   {
     FilePath file_path(kExtensionFilePath);
-    scoped_refptr<Extension> extension(
-        MakeExtension(false, GURL(), GURL(), false,
-                      Extension::EXTERNAL_PREF, 0, file_path));
-    EXPECT_FALSE(IsExtensionValid(*extension));
+    Extension extension(file_path);
+    MakeExtension(false, GURL(), GURL(), false,
+                  Extension::EXTERNAL_PREF, 0, &extension);
+    EXPECT_FALSE(IsExtensionValid(extension));
   }
   {
     FilePath file_path(kExtensionFilePath);
-    scoped_refptr<Extension> extension(
-        MakeExtension(
-            false, GURL("http://third-party.update_url.com"), GURL(), true,
-            Extension::INTERNAL, 0, file_path));
-    EXPECT_FALSE(IsExtensionValid(*extension));
+    Extension extension(file_path);
+    MakeExtension(
+        false, GURL("http://third-party.update_url.com"), GURL(), true,
+        Extension::INTERNAL, 0, &extension);
+    EXPECT_FALSE(IsExtensionValid(extension));
   }
   {
     FilePath file_path(kExtensionFilePath);
-    scoped_refptr<Extension> extension(
-        MakeExtension(false, GURL(), GURL(), true,
-                      Extension::INTERNAL, 1, file_path));
-    EXPECT_FALSE(IsExtensionValid(*extension));
+    Extension extension(file_path);
+    MakeExtension(false, GURL(), GURL(), true,
+                  Extension::INTERNAL, 1, &extension);
+    EXPECT_FALSE(IsExtensionValid(extension));
   }
   {
     FilePath file_path(kExtensionFilePath);
-    scoped_refptr<Extension> extension(
-        MakeExtension(false, GURL(), GURL(), true,
-                      Extension::INTERNAL, 2, file_path));
-    EXPECT_FALSE(IsExtensionValid(*extension));
+    Extension extension(file_path);
+    MakeExtension(false, GURL(), GURL(), true,
+                  Extension::INTERNAL, 2, &extension);
+    EXPECT_FALSE(IsExtensionValid(extension));
   }
 }
 
@@ -196,36 +192,36 @@ TEST_F(ExtensionUtilTest, IsExtensionValidAndSyncable) {
   allowed_extension_types.insert(APP);
   {
     FilePath file_path(kExtensionFilePath);
-    scoped_refptr<Extension> extension(
-        MakeExtension(false, GURL(), GURL(), false,
-                      Extension::INTERNAL, 0, file_path));
+    Extension extension(file_path);
+    MakeExtension(false, GURL(), GURL(), false,
+                  Extension::INTERNAL, 0, &extension);
     EXPECT_TRUE(IsExtensionValidAndSyncable(
-        *extension, allowed_extension_types));
+        extension, allowed_extension_types));
   }
   {
     FilePath file_path(kExtensionFilePath);
-    scoped_refptr<Extension> extension(
-        MakeExtension(false, GURL(),
-                      GURL("http://www.google.com"), false,
-                      Extension::INTERNAL, 0, file_path));
+    Extension extension(file_path);
+    MakeExtension(false, GURL(),
+                  GURL("http://www.google.com"), false,
+                  Extension::INTERNAL, 0, &extension);
     EXPECT_TRUE(IsExtensionValidAndSyncable(
-        *extension, allowed_extension_types));
+        extension, allowed_extension_types));
   }
   {
     FilePath file_path(kExtensionFilePath);
-    scoped_refptr<Extension> extension(
-        MakeExtension(false, GURL(), GURL(), true,
-                      Extension::INTERNAL, 0, file_path));
+    Extension extension(file_path);
+    MakeExtension(false, GURL(), GURL(), true,
+                  Extension::INTERNAL, 0, &extension);
     EXPECT_FALSE(IsExtensionValidAndSyncable(
-        *extension, allowed_extension_types));
+        extension, allowed_extension_types));
   }
   {
     FilePath file_path(kExtensionFilePath);
-    scoped_refptr<Extension> extension(
-        MakeExtension(false, GURL(), GURL(), false,
-                      Extension::EXTERNAL_PREF, 0, file_path));
+    Extension extension(file_path);
+    MakeExtension(false, GURL(), GURL(), false,
+                  Extension::EXTERNAL_PREF, 0, &extension);
     EXPECT_FALSE(IsExtensionValidAndSyncable(
-        *extension, allowed_extension_types));
+        extension, allowed_extension_types));
   }
 }
 
@@ -454,32 +450,30 @@ TEST_F(ExtensionUtilTest, AreExtensionSpecificsNonUserPropertiesEqual) {
   EXPECT_TRUE(AreExtensionSpecificsNonUserPropertiesEqual(a, b));
 }
 
-scoped_refptr<Extension> MakeSyncableExtension(
-    const std::string& version_string,
-    const std::string& update_url_spec,
-    const std::string& name,
-    const FilePath& extension_path) {
+void MakeSyncableExtension(const std::string& version_string,
+                           const std::string& update_url_spec,
+                           const std::string& name,
+                           Extension* extension) {
   DictionaryValue source;
   source.SetString(extension_manifest_keys::kVersion, version_string);
   source.SetString(extension_manifest_keys::kUpdateURL, update_url_spec);
   source.SetString(extension_manifest_keys::kName, name);
   std::string error;
-  scoped_refptr<Extension> extension = Extension::Create(
-      extension_path, Extension::INTERNAL, source, false, &error);
-  EXPECT_TRUE(extension);
+  extension->set_location(Extension::INTERNAL);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(extension->InitFromValue(source, false, &error));
   EXPECT_EQ("", error);
-  return extension;
 }
 
 TEST_F(ExtensionUtilTest, GetExtensionSpecificsHelper) {
   FilePath file_path(kExtensionFilePath);
-  scoped_refptr<Extension> extension(
-      MakeSyncableExtension(kValidVersion, kValidUpdateUrl1, kName, file_path));
+  Extension extension(file_path);
+  MakeSyncableExtension(kValidVersion, kValidUpdateUrl1, kName,
+                        &extension);
   sync_pb::ExtensionSpecifics specifics;
-  GetExtensionSpecificsHelper(*extension, true, false, &specifics);
-  EXPECT_EQ(extension->id(), specifics.id());
-  EXPECT_EQ(extension->VersionString(), kValidVersion);
-  EXPECT_EQ(extension->update_url().spec(), kValidUpdateUrl1);
+  GetExtensionSpecificsHelper(extension, true, false, &specifics);
+  EXPECT_EQ(extension.id(), specifics.id());
+  EXPECT_EQ(extension.VersionString(), kValidVersion);
+  EXPECT_EQ(extension.update_url().spec(), kValidUpdateUrl1);
   EXPECT_TRUE(specifics.enabled());
   EXPECT_FALSE(specifics.incognito_enabled());
   EXPECT_EQ(kName, specifics.name());
@@ -487,18 +481,19 @@ TEST_F(ExtensionUtilTest, GetExtensionSpecificsHelper) {
 
 TEST_F(ExtensionUtilTest, IsExtensionOutdated) {
   FilePath file_path(kExtensionFilePath);
-  scoped_refptr<Extension> extension(
-      MakeSyncableExtension(kVersion2, kValidUpdateUrl1, kName, file_path));
+  Extension extension(file_path);
+  MakeSyncableExtension(kVersion2, kValidUpdateUrl1, kName,
+                        &extension);
   sync_pb::ExtensionSpecifics specifics;
   specifics.set_id(kValidId);
   specifics.set_update_url(kValidUpdateUrl1);
 
   specifics.set_version(kVersion1);
-  EXPECT_FALSE(IsExtensionOutdated(*extension, specifics));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(IsExtensionOutdated(extension, specifics));
   specifics.set_version(kVersion2);
-  EXPECT_FALSE(IsExtensionOutdated(*extension, specifics));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(IsExtensionOutdated(extension, specifics));
   specifics.set_version(kVersion3);
-  EXPECT_TRUE(IsExtensionOutdated(*extension, specifics));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(IsExtensionOutdated(extension, specifics));
 }
 
 // TODO(akalin): Make ExtensionsService/ExtensionUpdater testable
diff --git a/chrome/browser/sync/glue/theme_util_unittest.cc b/chrome/browser/sync/glue/theme_util_unittest.cc
index 3eac301..fb6641f 100644
--- a/chrome/browser/sync/glue/theme_util_unittest.cc
+++ b/chrome/browser/sync/glue/theme_util_unittest.cc
@@ -23,20 +23,17 @@ using ::testing::Return;
 class ThemeUtilTest : public testing::Test {
 };
 
-scoped_refptr<Extension> MakeThemeExtension(const FilePath& extension_path,
-                                            const std::string& name,
-                                            const std::string& update_url) {
+void MakeThemeExtension(Extension* extension,
+                        const std::string& name,
+                        const std::string& update_url) {
   DictionaryValue source;
   source.SetString(extension_manifest_keys::kName, name);
   source.Set(extension_manifest_keys::kTheme, new DictionaryValue());
   source.SetString(extension_manifest_keys::kUpdateURL, update_url);
   source.SetString(extension_manifest_keys::kVersion, "0.0.0.0");
   std::string error;
-  scoped_refptr<Extension> extension = Extension::Create(
-      extension_path, Extension::INTERNAL, source, false, &error);
-  EXPECT_TRUE(extension);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(extension->InitFromValue(source, false, &error));
   EXPECT_EQ("", error);
-  return extension;
 }
 
 TEST_F(ThemeUtilTest, AreThemeSpecificsEqualHelper) {
@@ -171,17 +168,17 @@ TEST_F(ThemeUtilTest, GetThemeSpecificsHelperCustomTheme) {
   theme_specifics.set_use_custom_theme(false);
   theme_specifics.set_use_system_theme_by_default(true);
   FilePath file_path(kExtensionFilePath);
+  Extension extension(file_path);
   const std::string kThemeName("name");
   const std::string kThemeUpdateUrl("http://update.url/foo");
-  scoped_refptr<Extension> extension(
-      MakeThemeExtension(file_path, kThemeName, kThemeUpdateUrl));
-  GetThemeSpecificsFromCurrentThemeHelper(extension.get(), false, false,
+  MakeThemeExtension(&extension, kThemeName, kThemeUpdateUrl);
+  GetThemeSpecificsFromCurrentThemeHelper(&extension, false, false,
                                           &theme_specifics);
 
   EXPECT_TRUE(theme_specifics.use_custom_theme());
   EXPECT_TRUE(theme_specifics.use_system_theme_by_default());
   EXPECT_EQ(kThemeName, theme_specifics.custom_theme_name());
-  EXPECT_EQ(extension->id(), theme_specifics.custom_theme_id());
+  EXPECT_EQ(extension.id(), theme_specifics.custom_theme_id());
   EXPECT_EQ(kThemeUpdateUrl, theme_specifics.custom_theme_update_url());
 }
 
@@ -189,18 +186,18 @@ TEST_F(ThemeUtilTest, GetThemeSpecificsHelperCustomThemeDistinct) {
   sync_pb::ThemeSpecifics theme_specifics;
   theme_specifics.set_use_custom_theme(false);
   FilePath file_path(kExtensionFilePath);
+  Extension extension(file_path);
   const std::string kThemeName("name");
   const std::string kThemeUpdateUrl("http://update.url/foo");
-  scoped_refptr<Extension> extension(
-      MakeThemeExtension(file_path, kThemeName, kThemeUpdateUrl));
-  GetThemeSpecificsFromCurrentThemeHelper(extension.get(), true, false,
+  MakeThemeExtension(&extension, kThemeName, kThemeUpdateUrl);
+  GetThemeSpecificsFromCurrentThemeHelper(&extension, true, false,
                                           &theme_specifics);
 
   EXPECT_TRUE(theme_specifics.use_custom_theme());
   EXPECT_TRUE(theme_specifics.has_use_system_theme_by_default());
   EXPECT_FALSE(theme_specifics.use_system_theme_by_default());
   EXPECT_EQ(kThemeName, theme_specifics.custom_theme_name());
-  EXPECT_EQ(extension->id(), theme_specifics.custom_theme_id());
+  EXPECT_EQ(extension.id(), theme_specifics.custom_theme_id());
   EXPECT_EQ(kThemeUpdateUrl, theme_specifics.custom_theme_update_url());
 }
 
diff --git a/chrome/browser/sync/util/extensions_activity_monitor_unittest.cc b/chrome/browser/sync/util/extensions_activity_monitor_unittest.cc
index d5f88d4..cffa963 100644
--- a/chrome/browser/sync/util/extensions_activity_monitor_unittest.cc
+++ b/chrome/browser/sync/util/extensions_activity_monitor_unittest.cc
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ class BookmarkAPIEventTask : public Task {
      done_->Signal();
    }
  private:
-  scoped_refptr<Extension> extension_;
+  scoped_ptr<Extension> extension_;
   scoped_refptr<FunctionType> function_;
   size_t repeats_;
   base::WaitableEvent* done_;
@@ -68,12 +68,13 @@ class BookmarkAPIEventGenerator {
   template <class T>
   void NewEvent(const FilePath::StringType& extension_path,
       T* bookmarks_function, size_t repeats) {
+    FilePath path(extension_path);
+    Extension* extension = new Extension(path);
     std::string error;
     DictionaryValue input;
     input.SetString(keys::kVersion, kTestExtensionVersion);
     input.SetString(keys::kName, kTestExtensionName);
-    scoped_refptr<Extension> extension(Extension::Create(
-        FilePath(extension_path), Extension::INVALID, input, false, &error));
+    extension->InitFromValue(input, false, &error);
     bookmarks_function->set_name(T::function_name());
     base::WaitableEvent done_event(false, false);
     BrowserThread::PostTask(BrowserThread::UI, FROM_HERE,
@@ -127,13 +128,14 @@ class ExtensionsActivityMonitorTest : public testing::Test {
   static std::string GetExtensionIdForPath(
       const FilePath::StringType& extension_path) {
     std::string error;
+    FilePath path(extension_path);
+    Extension e(path);
     DictionaryValue input;
     input.SetString(keys::kVersion, kTestExtensionVersion);
     input.SetString(keys::kName, kTestExtensionName);
-    scoped_refptr<Extension> extension(Extension::Create(
-        FilePath(extension_path), Extension::INVALID, input, false, &error));
+    e.InitFromValue(input, false, &error);
     EXPECT_EQ("", error);
-    return extension->id();
+    return e.id();
   }
  private:
   NotificationService* service_;
diff --git a/chrome/browser/tabs/tab_strip_model_unittest.cc b/chrome/browser/tabs/tab_strip_model_unittest.cc
index 906119c..976509f 100644
--- a/chrome/browser/tabs/tab_strip_model_unittest.cc
+++ b/chrome/browser/tabs/tab_strip_model_unittest.cc
@@ -1511,13 +1511,12 @@ TEST_F(TabStripModelTest, Apps) {
 #elif defined(OS_POSIX)
   FilePath path(FILE_PATH_LITERAL("/foo"));
 #endif
-  scoped_refptr<Extension> extension_app(new Extension(path,
-                                                       Extension::INVALID));
-  extension_app->mutable_static_data_->launch_web_url = "http://www.google.com";
+  Extension extension_app(path);
+  extension_app.mutable_static_data_->launch_web_url = "http://www.google.com";
   TabContents* contents1 = CreateTabContents();
-  contents1->SetExtensionApp(extension_app);
+  contents1->SetExtensionApp(&extension_app);
   TabContents* contents2 = CreateTabContents();
-  contents2->SetExtensionApp(extension_app);
+  contents2->SetExtensionApp(&extension_app);
   TabContents* contents3 = CreateTabContents();
 
   SetID(contents1, 1);
diff --git a/chrome/browser/themes/browser_theme_pack_unittest.cc b/chrome/browser/themes/browser_theme_pack_unittest.cc
index 5da6acf..87fc2c7 100644
--- a/chrome/browser/themes/browser_theme_pack_unittest.cc
+++ b/chrome/browser/themes/browser_theme_pack_unittest.cc
@@ -397,6 +397,8 @@ TEST_F(BrowserThemePackTest, CanBuildAndReadPack) {
   // Part 1: Build the pack from an extension.
   {
     FilePath star_gazing_path = GetStarGazingPath();
+    Extension extension(star_gazing_path);
+
     FilePath manifest_path =
         star_gazing_path.AppendASCII("manifest.json");
     std::string error;
@@ -405,13 +407,11 @@ TEST_F(BrowserThemePackTest, CanBuildAndReadPack) {
         static_cast<DictionaryValue*>(serializer.Deserialize(NULL, &error)));
     EXPECT_EQ("", error);
     ASSERT_TRUE(valid_value.get());
-    scoped_refptr<Extension> extension(Extension::Create(
-        star_gazing_path, Extension::INVALID, *valid_value, true, &error));
-    ASSERT_TRUE(extension.get());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(extension.InitFromValue(*valid_value, true, &error));
     ASSERT_EQ("", error);
 
     scoped_refptr<BrowserThemePack> pack =
-        BrowserThemePack::BuildFromExtension(extension.get());
+        BrowserThemePack::BuildFromExtension(&extension);
     ASSERT_TRUE(pack.get());
     ASSERT_TRUE(pack->WriteToDisk(file));
     VerifyStarGazing(pack.get());