Add a buffering controller for Chromecast.

The buffering controller serves two purposes:
- for URL playback, this will smooth playback when network
  condition is not good enough. This basically avoids continuous
  stuttering in that case.
- for MSE playback, it stops playback when either audio or video
  underruns (which is a special case of the low buffer level state).

BUG=408189

Review URL: https://codereview.chromium.org/509213002

Cr-Commit-Position: refs/heads/master@{#292764}

9 files changed, 823 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/chromecast/chromecast.gyp b/chromecast/chromecast.gyp
index 3c744d6..e4f7cc2 100644
--- a/chromecast/chromecast.gyp
+++ b/chromecast/chromecast.gyp
@@ -177,6 +177,7 @@
         'cast_version_header',
         'chromecast_locales.gyp:chromecast_locales_pak',
         'chromecast_locales.gyp:chromecast_settings',
+        'media/media.gyp:cast_media',
         '../components/components.gyp:component_metrics_proto',
         '../content/content.gyp:content',
         '../content/content.gyp:content_app_browser',
@@ -264,5 +265,12 @@
         },
       ],
     },
+    {
+      'target_name': 'cast_tests',
+      'type': 'none',
+      'dependencies': [
+        'media/media.gyp:cast_media_unittests',
+      ],
+    },
   ],  # end of targets
 }
diff --git a/chromecast/media/cma/base/buffering_controller.cc b/chromecast/media/cma/base/buffering_controller.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2adaf82
--- /dev/null
+++ b/chromecast/media/cma/base/buffering_controller.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,194 @@
+// Copyright 2014 The Chromium Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
+// found in the LICENSE file.
+
+#include "chromecast/media/cma/base/buffering_controller.h"
+
+#include "base/bind.h"
+#include "base/location.h"
+#include "base/message_loop/message_loop_proxy.h"
+#include "chromecast/media/cma/base/buffering_state.h"
+#include "chromecast/media/cma/base/cma_logging.h"
+#include "media/base/buffers.h"
+
+namespace chromecast {
+namespace media {
+
+BufferingController::BufferingController(
+    const scoped_refptr<BufferingConfig>& config,
+    const BufferingNotificationCB& buffering_notification_cb)
+    : config_(config),
+      buffering_notification_cb_(buffering_notification_cb),
+      is_buffering_(false),
+      begin_buffering_time_(base::Time()),
+      weak_factory_(this) {
+  weak_this_ = weak_factory_.GetWeakPtr();
+  thread_checker_.DetachFromThread();
+}
+
+BufferingController::~BufferingController() {
+  // Some weak pointers might possibly be invalidated here.
+  DCHECK(thread_checker_.CalledOnValidThread());
+}
+
+void BufferingController::UpdateHighLevelThreshold(
+    base::TimeDelta high_level_threshold) {
+  // Can only decrease the high level threshold.
+  if (high_level_threshold > config_->high_level())
+    return;
+  CMALOG(kLogControl) << "High buffer threshold: "
+                      << high_level_threshold.InMilliseconds();
+  config_->set_high_level(high_level_threshold);
+
+  // Make sure the low level threshold is somewhat consistent.
+  // Currently, we set it to one third of the high level threshold:
+  // this value could be adjusted in the future.
+  base::TimeDelta low_level_threshold = high_level_threshold / 3;
+  if (low_level_threshold <= config_->low_level()) {
+    CMALOG(kLogControl) << "Low buffer threshold: "
+                        << low_level_threshold.InMilliseconds();
+    config_->set_low_level(low_level_threshold);
+  }
+
+  // Signal all the streams the config has changed.
+  for (StreamList::iterator it = stream_list_.begin();
+       it != stream_list_.end(); ++it) {
+    (*it)->OnConfigChanged();
+  }
+
+  // Once all the streams have been notified, the buffering state must be
+  // updated (no notification is received from the streams).
+  OnBufferingStateChanged(false, false);
+}
+
+scoped_refptr<BufferingState> BufferingController::AddStream() {
+  DCHECK(thread_checker_.CalledOnValidThread());
+
+  // Add a new stream to the list of streams being monitored.
+  scoped_refptr<BufferingState> buffering_state(new BufferingState(
+      config_,
+      base::Bind(&BufferingController::OnBufferingStateChanged, weak_this_,
+                 false, false),
+      base::Bind(&BufferingController::UpdateHighLevelThreshold, weak_this_)));
+  stream_list_.push_back(buffering_state);
+
+  // Update the state and force a notification to the streams.
+  // TODO(damienv): Should this be a PostTask ?
+  OnBufferingStateChanged(true, false);
+
+  return buffering_state;
+}
+
+void BufferingController::SetMediaTime(base::TimeDelta time) {
+  for (StreamList::iterator it = stream_list_.begin();
+       it != stream_list_.end(); ++it) {
+    (*it)->SetMediaTime(time);
+  }
+}
+
+base::TimeDelta BufferingController::GetMaxRenderingTime() const {
+  base::TimeDelta max_rendering_time(::media::kNoTimestamp());
+  for (StreamList::const_iterator it = stream_list_.begin();
+       it != stream_list_.end(); ++it) {
+    base::TimeDelta max_stream_rendering_time =
+        (*it)->GetMaxRenderingTime();
+    if (max_stream_rendering_time == ::media::kNoTimestamp())
+      return ::media::kNoTimestamp();
+    if (max_rendering_time == ::media::kNoTimestamp() ||
+        max_stream_rendering_time < max_rendering_time) {
+      max_rendering_time = max_stream_rendering_time;
+    }
+  }
+  return max_rendering_time;
+}
+
+void BufferingController::Reset() {
+  DCHECK(thread_checker_.CalledOnValidThread());
+
+  is_buffering_ = false;
+  stream_list_.clear();
+}
+
+void BufferingController::OnBufferingStateChanged(
+    bool force_notification, bool buffering_timeout) {
+  DCHECK(thread_checker_.CalledOnValidThread());
+
+  // Log the state of each stream.
+  DumpState();
+
+  bool is_low_buffering = IsLowBufferLevel();
+  bool is_high_buffering = !is_low_buffering;
+  if (!buffering_timeout) {
+    // Hysteresis:
+    // - to leave buffering, not only should we leave the low buffer level state
+    //   but we should go to the high buffer level state (medium is not enough).
+    is_high_buffering = IsHighBufferLevel();
+  }
+
+  bool is_buffering_prv = is_buffering_;
+  if (is_buffering_) {
+    if (is_high_buffering)
+      is_buffering_ = false;
+  } else {
+    if (is_low_buffering)
+      is_buffering_ = true;
+  }
+
+  // Start buffering.
+  if (is_buffering_ && !is_buffering_prv) {
+    begin_buffering_time_ = base::Time::Now();
+  }
+
+  // End buffering.
+  if (is_buffering_prv && !is_buffering_) {
+    // TODO(damienv): |buffering_user_time| could be a UMA histogram.
+    base::Time current_time = base::Time::Now();
+    base::TimeDelta buffering_user_time = current_time - begin_buffering_time_;
+    CMALOG(kLogControl)
+        << "Buffering took: "
+        << buffering_user_time.InMilliseconds() << "ms";
+  }
+
+  if (is_buffering_prv != is_buffering_ || force_notification)
+    buffering_notification_cb_.Run(is_buffering_);
+}
+
+bool BufferingController::IsHighBufferLevel() {
+  if (stream_list_.empty())
+    return true;
+
+  bool is_high_buffering = true;
+  for (StreamList::iterator it = stream_list_.begin();
+       it != stream_list_.end(); ++it) {
+    BufferingState::State stream_state = (*it)->GetState();
+    is_high_buffering = is_high_buffering &&
+        ((stream_state == BufferingState::kHighLevel) ||
+         (stream_state == BufferingState::kEosReached));
+  }
+  return is_high_buffering;
+}
+
+bool BufferingController::IsLowBufferLevel() {
+  if (stream_list_.empty())
+    return false;
+
+  for (StreamList::iterator it = stream_list_.begin();
+       it != stream_list_.end(); ++it) {
+    BufferingState::State stream_state = (*it)->GetState();
+    if (stream_state == BufferingState::kLowLevel)
+      return true;
+  }
+
+  return false;
+}
+
+void BufferingController::DumpState() const {
+  CMALOG(kLogControl) << __FUNCTION__;
+  for (StreamList::const_iterator it = stream_list_.begin();
+       it != stream_list_.end(); ++it) {
+    CMALOG(kLogControl) << (*it)->ToString();
+  }
+}
+
+}  // namespace media
+}  // namespace chromecast
diff --git a/chromecast/media/cma/base/buffering_controller.h b/chromecast/media/cma/base/buffering_controller.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0581651d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/chromecast/media/cma/base/buffering_controller.h
@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+// Copyright 2014 The Chromium Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
+// found in the LICENSE file.
+
+#ifndef CHROMECAST_MEDIA_CMA_BASE_BUFFERING_CONTROLLER_H
+#define CHROMECAST_MEDIA_CMA_BASE_BUFFERING_CONTROLLER_H
+
+#include <list>
+
+#include "base/callback.h"
+#include "base/macros.h"
+#include "base/memory/ref_counted.h"
+#include "base/memory/weak_ptr.h"
+#include "base/threading/thread_checker.h"
+#include "base/time/time.h"
+
+namespace chromecast {
+namespace media {
+class BufferingConfig;
+class BufferingState;
+
+class BufferingController {
+ public:
+  typedef base::Callback<void(bool)> BufferingNotificationCB;
+
+  // Creates a buffering controller where the conditions to trigger rebuffering
+  // are given by |config|. The whole point of the buffering controller is to
+  // derive a single buffering state from the buffering state of various
+  // streams.
+  // |buffering_notification_cb| is a callback invoked to inform about possible
+  // changes of the buffering state.
+  BufferingController(
+      const scoped_refptr<BufferingConfig>& config,
+      const BufferingNotificationCB& buffering_notification_cb);
+  ~BufferingController();
+
+  // Creates a buffering state for one stream. This state is added to the list
+  // of streams monitored by the buffering controller.
+  scoped_refptr<BufferingState> AddStream();
+
+  // Sets the playback time.
+  void SetMediaTime(base::TimeDelta time);
+
+  // Returns the maximum media time available for rendering.
+  // Return kNoTimestamp() if unknown.
+  base::TimeDelta GetMaxRenderingTime() const;
+
+  // Returns whether there is an active buffering phase.
+  bool IsBuffering() const { return is_buffering_; }
+
+  // Resets the buffering controller. This includes removing all the streams
+  // that were previously added.
+  void Reset();
+
+ private:
+  // Invoked each time the buffering state of one of the streams has changed.
+  // If |force_notification| is set, |buffering_notification_cb_| is invoked
+  // regardless whether the buffering state has changed or not.
+  // If |buffering_timeout| is set, then the condition to leave the buffering
+  // state is relaxed (we don't want to wait more).
+  void OnBufferingStateChanged(bool force_notification,
+                               bool buffering_timeout);
+
+  // Updates the high buffer level threshold to |high_level_threshold|
+  // if needed.
+  // This condition is triggered when one of the stream reached its maximum
+  // capacity. In that case, to avoid possible race condition (the buffering
+  // controller waits for more data to come but the buffer is to small to
+  // accomodate additional data), the thresholds in |config_| are adjusted
+  // accordingly.
+  void UpdateHighLevelThreshold(base::TimeDelta high_level_threshold);
+
+  // Determines the overall buffer level based on the buffer level of each
+  // stream.
+  bool IsHighBufferLevel();
+  bool IsLowBufferLevel();
+
+  // Logs the state of the buffering controller.
+  void DumpState() const;
+
+  base::ThreadChecker thread_checker_;
+
+  // Settings used to determine when to start/stop buffering.
+  scoped_refptr<BufferingConfig> config_;
+
+  // Callback invoked each time there is a change of the buffering state.
+  BufferingNotificationCB buffering_notification_cb_;
+
+  // State of the buffering controller.
+  bool is_buffering_;
+
+  // Start time of a re-buffering phase.
+  base::Time begin_buffering_time_;
+
+  // Buffering level for each individual stream.
+  typedef std::list<scoped_refptr<BufferingState> > StreamList;
+  StreamList stream_list_;
+
+  base::WeakPtrFactory<BufferingController> weak_factory_;
+  base::WeakPtr<BufferingController> weak_this_;
+
+  DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(BufferingController);
+};
+
+}  // namespace media
+}  // namespace chromecast
+
+#endif  // CHROMECAST_MEDIA_CMA_BASE_BUFFERING_CONTROLLER_H
diff --git a/chromecast/media/cma/base/buffering_controller_unittest.cc b/chromecast/media/cma/base/buffering_controller_unittest.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..75eaed9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/chromecast/media/cma/base/buffering_controller_unittest.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+// Copyright 2014 The Chromium Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
+// found in the LICENSE file.
+
+#include "base/bind.h"
+#include "base/callback_helpers.h"
+#include "base/logging.h"
+#include "base/memory/scoped_ptr.h"
+#include "base/time/time.h"
+#include "chromecast/media/cma/base/buffering_controller.h"
+#include "chromecast/media/cma/base/buffering_state.h"
+#include "testing/gmock/include/gmock/gmock.h"
+#include "testing/gtest/include/gtest/gtest.h"
+
+namespace chromecast {
+namespace media {
+
+namespace {
+
+class MockBufferingControllerClient {
+ public:
+  MockBufferingControllerClient();
+  ~MockBufferingControllerClient();
+
+  MOCK_METHOD1(OnBufferingNotification, void(bool is_buffering));
+
+ private:
+  DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(MockBufferingControllerClient);
+};
+
+MockBufferingControllerClient::MockBufferingControllerClient() {
+}
+
+MockBufferingControllerClient::~MockBufferingControllerClient() {
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+class BufferingControllerTest : public testing::Test {
+ public:
+  BufferingControllerTest();
+  virtual ~BufferingControllerTest();
+
+ protected:
+  scoped_ptr<BufferingController> buffering_controller_;
+
+  MockBufferingControllerClient client_;
+
+  // Buffer level under the low level threshold.
+  base::TimeDelta d1_;
+
+  // Buffer level between the low and the high level.
+  base::TimeDelta d2_;
+
+  // Buffer level above the high level.
+  base::TimeDelta d3_;
+
+ private:
+  DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(BufferingControllerTest);
+};
+
+BufferingControllerTest::BufferingControllerTest() {
+  base::TimeDelta low_level_threshold(
+      base::TimeDelta::FromMilliseconds(2000));
+  base::TimeDelta high_level_threshold(
+      base::TimeDelta::FromMilliseconds(6000));
+
+  d1_ = low_level_threshold - base::TimeDelta::FromMilliseconds(50);
+  d2_ = (low_level_threshold + high_level_threshold) / 2;
+  d3_ = high_level_threshold + base::TimeDelta::FromMilliseconds(50);
+
+  scoped_refptr<BufferingConfig> buffering_config(
+      new BufferingConfig(low_level_threshold, high_level_threshold));
+  buffering_controller_.reset(new BufferingController(
+      buffering_config,
+      base::Bind(&MockBufferingControllerClient::OnBufferingNotification,
+                 base::Unretained(&client_))));
+}
+
+BufferingControllerTest::~BufferingControllerTest() {
+}
+
+TEST_F(BufferingControllerTest, OneStream_Typical) {
+  EXPECT_CALL(client_, OnBufferingNotification(true)).Times(1);
+  scoped_refptr<BufferingState> buffering_state =
+      buffering_controller_->AddStream();
+  buffering_state->SetMediaTime(base::TimeDelta());
+
+  // Simulate pre-buffering.
+  buffering_state->SetBufferedTime(d2_);
+  EXPECT_EQ(buffering_state->GetState(), BufferingState::kMediumLevel);
+
+  EXPECT_CALL(client_, OnBufferingNotification(false)).Times(1);
+  buffering_state->SetBufferedTime(d3_);
+  EXPECT_EQ(buffering_state->GetState(), BufferingState::kHighLevel);
+
+  // Simulate some fluctuations of the buffering level.
+  buffering_state->SetBufferedTime(d2_);
+  EXPECT_EQ(buffering_state->GetState(), BufferingState::kMediumLevel);
+
+  // Simulate an underrun.
+  EXPECT_CALL(client_, OnBufferingNotification(true)).Times(1);
+  buffering_state->SetBufferedTime(d1_);
+  EXPECT_EQ(buffering_state->GetState(), BufferingState::kLowLevel);
+
+  EXPECT_CALL(client_, OnBufferingNotification(false)).Times(1);
+  buffering_state->SetBufferedTime(d3_);
+  EXPECT_EQ(buffering_state->GetState(), BufferingState::kHighLevel);
+
+  // Simulate the end of stream.
+  buffering_state->NotifyEos();
+  EXPECT_EQ(buffering_state->GetState(), BufferingState::kEosReached);
+
+  buffering_state->SetBufferedTime(d2_);
+  EXPECT_EQ(buffering_state->GetState(), BufferingState::kEosReached);
+
+  buffering_state->SetBufferedTime(d1_);
+  EXPECT_EQ(buffering_state->GetState(), BufferingState::kEosReached);
+}
+
+TEST_F(BufferingControllerTest, OneStream_LeaveBufferingOnEos) {
+  EXPECT_CALL(client_, OnBufferingNotification(true)).Times(1);
+  scoped_refptr<BufferingState> buffering_state =
+      buffering_controller_->AddStream();
+  buffering_state->SetMediaTime(base::TimeDelta());
+
+  EXPECT_CALL(client_, OnBufferingNotification(false)).Times(1);
+  buffering_state->NotifyEos();
+  EXPECT_EQ(buffering_state->GetState(), BufferingState::kEosReached);
+}
+
+}  // namespace media
+}  // namespace chromecast
diff --git a/chromecast/media/cma/base/buffering_state.cc b/chromecast/media/cma/base/buffering_state.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e1fc49f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/chromecast/media/cma/base/buffering_state.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+// Copyright 2014 The Chromium Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
+// found in the LICENSE file.
+
+#include "chromecast/media/cma/base/buffering_state.h"
+
+#include <sstream>
+
+#include "base/logging.h"
+#include "media/base/buffers.h"
+
+namespace chromecast {
+namespace media {
+
+BufferingConfig::BufferingConfig(
+    base::TimeDelta low_level_threshold,
+    base::TimeDelta high_level_threshold)
+    : low_level_threshold_(low_level_threshold),
+      high_level_threshold_(high_level_threshold) {
+}
+
+BufferingConfig::~BufferingConfig() {
+}
+
+
+BufferingState::BufferingState(
+    const scoped_refptr<BufferingConfig>& config,
+    const base::Closure& state_changed_cb,
+    const HighLevelBufferCB& high_level_buffer_cb)
+    : config_(config),
+      state_changed_cb_(state_changed_cb),
+      high_level_buffer_cb_(high_level_buffer_cb),
+      state_(kLowLevel),
+      media_time_(::media::kNoTimestamp()),
+      max_rendering_time_(::media::kNoTimestamp()),
+      buffered_time_(::media::kNoTimestamp()) {
+}
+
+BufferingState::~BufferingState() {
+}
+
+void BufferingState::OnConfigChanged() {
+  state_ = GetBufferLevelState();
+}
+
+void BufferingState::SetMediaTime(base::TimeDelta media_time) {
+  media_time_ = media_time;
+  switch (state_) {
+    case kLowLevel:
+    case kMediumLevel:
+    case kHighLevel:
+      UpdateState(GetBufferLevelState());
+      break;
+    case kEosReached:
+      break;
+  }
+}
+
+void BufferingState::SetMaxRenderingTime(base::TimeDelta max_rendering_time) {
+  max_rendering_time_ = max_rendering_time;
+}
+
+base::TimeDelta BufferingState::GetMaxRenderingTime() const {
+  return max_rendering_time_;
+}
+
+void BufferingState::SetBufferedTime(base::TimeDelta buffered_time) {
+  buffered_time_ = buffered_time;
+  switch (state_) {
+    case kLowLevel:
+    case kMediumLevel:
+    case kHighLevel:
+      UpdateState(GetBufferLevelState());
+      break;
+    case kEosReached:
+      break;
+  }
+}
+
+void BufferingState::NotifyEos() {
+  UpdateState(kEosReached);
+}
+
+void BufferingState::NotifyMaxCapacity(base::TimeDelta buffered_time) {
+  if (media_time_ == ::media::kNoTimestamp() ||
+      buffered_time == ::media::kNoTimestamp()) {
+    LOG(WARNING) << "Max capacity with no timestamp";
+    return;
+  }
+  base::TimeDelta buffer_duration = buffered_time - media_time_;
+  if (buffer_duration < config_->high_level())
+    high_level_buffer_cb_.Run(buffer_duration);
+}
+
+std::string BufferingState::ToString() const {
+  std::ostringstream s;
+  s << "state=" << state_
+    << " media_time_ms=" << media_time_.InMilliseconds()
+    << " buffered_time_ms=" << buffered_time_.InMilliseconds()
+    << " low_level_ms=" << config_->low_level().InMilliseconds()
+    << " high_level_ms=" << config_->high_level().InMilliseconds();
+  return s.str();
+}
+
+BufferingState::State BufferingState::GetBufferLevelState() const {
+  if (media_time_ == ::media::kNoTimestamp() ||
+      buffered_time_ == ::media::kNoTimestamp()) {
+    return kLowLevel;
+  }
+
+  base::TimeDelta buffer_duration = buffered_time_ - media_time_;
+  if (buffer_duration < config_->low_level())
+    return kLowLevel;
+  if (buffer_duration >= config_->high_level())
+    return kHighLevel;
+  return kMediumLevel;
+}
+
+void BufferingState::UpdateState(State new_state) {
+  if (new_state == state_)
+    return;
+
+  state_ = new_state;
+  if (!state_changed_cb_.is_null())
+    state_changed_cb_.Run();
+}
+
+}  // namespace media
+}  // namespace chromecast
diff --git a/chromecast/media/cma/base/buffering_state.h b/chromecast/media/cma/base/buffering_state.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ced8206
--- /dev/null
+++ b/chromecast/media/cma/base/buffering_state.h
@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+// Copyright 2014 The Chromium Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
+// found in the LICENSE file.
+
+#ifndef CHROMECAST_MEDIA_CMA_BASE_BUFFERING_STATE_H_
+#define CHROMECAST_MEDIA_CMA_BASE_BUFFERING_STATE_H_
+
+#include <string>
+
+#include "base/callback.h"
+#include "base/macros.h"
+#include "base/memory/ref_counted.h"
+#include "base/time/time.h"
+
+namespace chromecast {
+namespace media {
+
+class BufferingConfig : public base::RefCountedThreadSafe<BufferingConfig> {
+ public:
+  BufferingConfig(base::TimeDelta low_level_threshold,
+                  base::TimeDelta high_level_threshold);
+
+  base::TimeDelta low_level() const { return low_level_threshold_; }
+  base::TimeDelta high_level() const { return high_level_threshold_; }
+
+  void set_low_level(base::TimeDelta low_level) {
+    low_level_threshold_ = low_level;
+  }
+  void set_high_level(base::TimeDelta high_level) {
+    high_level_threshold_ = high_level;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  friend class base::RefCountedThreadSafe<BufferingConfig>;
+  virtual ~BufferingConfig();
+
+  base::TimeDelta low_level_threshold_;
+  base::TimeDelta high_level_threshold_;
+
+  DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(BufferingConfig);
+};
+
+class BufferingState
+    : public base::RefCountedThreadSafe<BufferingState> {
+ public:
+  typedef base::Callback<void(base::TimeDelta)> HighLevelBufferCB;
+
+  enum State {
+    kLowLevel,
+    kMediumLevel,
+    kHighLevel,
+    kEosReached,
+  };
+
+  // Creates a new buffering state. The initial state is |kLowLevel|.
+  // |state_changed_cb| is used to notify about possible state changes.
+  // |high_level_buffer_cb| is used to adjust the high buffer threshold
+  // when the underlying buffer is not large enough to accomodate
+  // the current high buffer level.
+  BufferingState(const scoped_refptr<BufferingConfig>& config,
+                 const base::Closure& state_changed_cb,
+                 const HighLevelBufferCB& high_level_buffer_cb);
+
+  // Returns the buffering state.
+  State GetState() const { return state_; }
+
+  // Invoked when the buffering configuration has changed.
+  // Based on the new configuration, the buffering state might change.
+  // However, |state_changed_cb_| is not triggered in that case.
+  void OnConfigChanged();
+
+  // Sets the current rendering time for this stream.
+  void SetMediaTime(base::TimeDelta media_time);
+
+  // Sets/gets the maximum rendering media time for this stream.
+  // The maximum rendering time is always lower than the buffered time.
+  void SetMaxRenderingTime(base::TimeDelta max_rendering_time);
+  base::TimeDelta GetMaxRenderingTime() const;
+
+  // Sets the buffered time.
+  void SetBufferedTime(base::TimeDelta buffered_time);
+
+  // Notifies the buffering state that all the frames for this stream have been
+  // buffered, i.e. the end of stream has been reached.
+  void NotifyEos();
+
+  // Notifies the buffering state the underlying buffer has reached
+  // its maximum capacity.
+  // The maximum frame timestamp in the buffer is given by |buffered_time|.
+  // Note: this timestamp can be different from the one provided through
+  // SetBufferedTime since SetBufferedTime takes the timestamp of a playable
+  // frame which is not necessarily the case here (e.g. missing key id).
+  void NotifyMaxCapacity(base::TimeDelta buffered_time);
+
+  // Buffering state as a human readable string, for debugging.
+  std::string ToString() const;
+
+ private:
+  friend class base::RefCountedThreadSafe<BufferingState>;
+  virtual ~BufferingState();
+
+  // Returns the state solely based on the buffered time.
+  State GetBufferLevelState() const;
+
+  // Updates the state to |new_state|.
+  void UpdateState(State new_state);
+
+  scoped_refptr<BufferingConfig> const config_;
+
+  // Callback invoked each time there is a change of state.
+  base::Closure state_changed_cb_;
+
+  // Callback invoked to adjust the high buffer level.
+  HighLevelBufferCB high_level_buffer_cb_;
+
+  // State.
+  State state_;
+
+  // Playback media time.
+  // Equal to kNoTimestamp() when not known.
+  base::TimeDelta media_time_;
+
+  // Maximum rendering media time.
+  // This corresponds to the timestamp of the last frame sent to the hardware
+  // decoder/renderer.
+  base::TimeDelta max_rendering_time_;
+
+  // Buffered media time.
+  // Equal to kNoTimestamp() when not known.
+  base::TimeDelta buffered_time_;
+
+  DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(BufferingState);
+};
+
+}  // namespace media
+}  // namespace chromecast
+
+#endif  // CHROMECAST_MEDIA_CMA_BASE_BUFFERING_STATE_H_
diff --git a/chromecast/media/cma/base/cma_logging.h b/chromecast/media/cma/base/cma_logging.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1743cea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/chromecast/media/cma/base/cma_logging.h
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+// Copyright 2014 The Chromium Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
+// found in the LICENSE file.
+
+#ifndef CHROMECAST_MEDIA_CMA_BASE_CMA_LOGGING_H_
+#define CHROMECAST_MEDIA_CMA_BASE_CMA_LOGGING_H_
+
+#include "base/logging.h"
+
+namespace chromecast {
+namespace media {
+
+#define CMALOG(loglevel) VLOG(loglevel)
+
+enum {
+  kLogControl = 2,
+  kLogFrame = 3
+};
+
+}  // namespace media
+}  // namespace chromecast
+
+#endif  // CHROMECAST_MEDIA_CMA_BASE_CMA_LOGGING_H_
diff --git a/chromecast/media/cma/base/run_all_unittests.cc b/chromecast/media/cma/base/run_all_unittests.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..07b9e2b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/chromecast/media/cma/base/run_all_unittests.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+// Copyright 2014 The Chromium Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
+// found in the LICENSE file.
+
+#include "base/bind.h"
+#include "base/test/launcher/unit_test_launcher.h"
+#include "base/test/test_suite.h"
+#include "build/build_config.h"
+#include "media/base/media.h"
+
+#if defined(OS_ANDROID)
+#error "CMA not supported on Android"
+#endif
+
+class CmaTestSuite : public base::TestSuite {
+ public:
+  // Note: the base class constructor creates an AtExitManager.
+  CmaTestSuite(int argc, char** argv) : TestSuite(argc, argv) {}
+  virtual ~CmaTestSuite() {}
+
+ protected:
+  virtual void Initialize() OVERRIDE;
+};
+
+void CmaTestSuite::Initialize() {
+  // Run TestSuite::Initialize first so that logging is initialized.
+  base::TestSuite::Initialize();
+
+  // Initialize the FFMpeg library.
+  // Note: at this time, AtExitManager is already present.
+  media::InitializeMediaLibraryForTesting();
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char** argv) {
+  CmaTestSuite test_suite(argc, argv);
+
+  return base::LaunchUnitTests(
+      argc, argv, base::Bind(&CmaTestSuite::Run,
+                             base::Unretained(&test_suite)));
+}
diff --git a/chromecast/media/media.gyp b/chromecast/media/media.gyp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c6f7030
--- /dev/null
+++ b/chromecast/media/media.gyp
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+# Copyright 2014 The Chromium Authors. All rights reserved.
+# Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
+# found in the LICENSE file.
+
+{
+  'targets': [
+    {
+      'target_name': 'cma_base',
+      'type': '<(component)',
+      'dependencies': [
+        '../../base/base.gyp:base',
+        '../../media/media.gyp:media',
+      ],
+      'include_dirs': [
+        '../..',
+      ],
+      'sources': [
+        'cma/base/buffering_controller.cc',
+        'cma/base/buffering_controller.h',
+        'cma/base/buffering_state.cc',
+        'cma/base/buffering_state.h',
+        'cma/base/cma_logging.h',
+      ],
+    },
+    {
+      'target_name': 'cast_media',
+      'type': 'none',
+      'dependencies': [
+        'cma_base',
+      ],
+    },
+    {
+      'target_name': 'cast_media_unittests',
+      'type': '<(gtest_target_type)',
+      'dependencies': [
+        'cast_media',
+        '../../base/base.gyp:base',
+        '../../base/base.gyp:base_i18n',
+        '../../base/base.gyp:test_support_base',
+        '../../testing/gmock.gyp:gmock',
+        '../../testing/gtest.gyp:gtest',
+        '../../testing/gtest.gyp:gtest_main',
+      ],
+      'sources': [
+        'cma/base/buffering_controller_unittest.cc',
+        'cma/base/run_all_unittests.cc',
+      ],
+    },
+  ],
+}