// Copyright (c) 2012 The Chromium Authors. All rights reserved. // Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be // found in the LICENSE file. #include #include #include #include "base/basictypes.h" #include "base/compiler_specific.h" #include "base/file_util.h" #include "base/string_util.h" #include "skia/ext/image_operations.h" #include "testing/gtest/include/gtest/gtest.h" #include "third_party/skia/include/core/SkBitmap.h" #include "third_party/skia/include/core/SkRect.h" #include "ui/gfx/codec/png_codec.h" #include "ui/gfx/size.h" namespace { // Computes the average pixel value for the given range, inclusive. uint32_t AveragePixel(const SkBitmap& bmp, int x_min, int x_max, int y_min, int y_max) { float accum[4] = {0, 0, 0, 0}; int count = 0; for (int y = y_min; y <= y_max; y++) { for (int x = x_min; x <= x_max; x++) { uint32_t cur = *bmp.getAddr32(x, y); accum[0] += SkColorGetB(cur); accum[1] += SkColorGetG(cur); accum[2] += SkColorGetR(cur); accum[3] += SkColorGetA(cur); count++; } } return SkColorSetARGB(static_cast(accum[3] / count), static_cast(accum[2] / count), static_cast(accum[1] / count), static_cast(accum[0] / count)); } // Computes the average pixel (/color) value for the given colors. SkColor AveragePixel(const SkColor colors[], size_t color_count) { float accum[4] = { 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f }; for (size_t i = 0; i < color_count; ++i) { const SkColor cur = colors[i]; accum[0] += static_cast(SkColorGetA(cur)); accum[1] += static_cast(SkColorGetR(cur)); accum[2] += static_cast(SkColorGetG(cur)); accum[3] += static_cast(SkColorGetB(cur)); } const SkColor average_color = SkColorSetARGB(static_cast(accum[0] / color_count), static_cast(accum[1] / color_count), static_cast(accum[2] / color_count), static_cast(accum[3] / color_count)); return average_color; } void PrintPixel(const SkBitmap& bmp, int x_min, int x_max, int y_min, int y_max) { char str[128]; for (int y = y_min; y <= y_max; ++y) { for (int x = x_min; x <= x_max; ++x) { const uint32_t cur = *bmp.getAddr32(x, y); base::snprintf(str, sizeof(str), "bmp[%d,%d] = %08X", x, y, cur); ADD_FAILURE() << str; } } } // Returns the euclidian distance between two RGBA colors interpreted // as 4-components vectors. // // Notes: // - This is a really poor definition of color distance. Yet it // is "good enough" for our uses here. // - More realistic measures like the various Delta E formulas defined // by CIE are way more complex and themselves require the RGBA to // to transformed into CIELAB (typically via sRGB first). // - The static_cast below are needed to avoid interpreting "negative" // differences as huge positive values. float ColorsEuclidianDistance(const SkColor a, const SkColor b) { int b_int_diff = static_cast(SkColorGetB(a) - SkColorGetB(b)); int g_int_diff = static_cast(SkColorGetG(a) - SkColorGetG(b)); int r_int_diff = static_cast(SkColorGetR(a) - SkColorGetR(b)); int a_int_diff = static_cast(SkColorGetA(a) - SkColorGetA(b)); float b_float_diff = static_cast(b_int_diff); float g_float_diff = static_cast(g_int_diff); float r_float_diff = static_cast(r_int_diff); float a_float_diff = static_cast(a_int_diff); return sqrtf((b_float_diff * b_float_diff) + (g_float_diff * g_float_diff) + (r_float_diff * r_float_diff) + (a_float_diff * a_float_diff)); } // Returns true if each channel of the given two colors are "close." This is // used for comparing colors where rounding errors may cause off-by-one. bool ColorsClose(uint32_t a, uint32_t b) { return abs(static_cast(SkColorGetB(a) - SkColorGetB(b))) < 2 && abs(static_cast(SkColorGetG(a) - SkColorGetG(b))) < 2 && abs(static_cast(SkColorGetR(a) - SkColorGetR(b))) < 2 && abs(static_cast(SkColorGetA(a) - SkColorGetA(b))) < 2; } void FillDataToBitmap(int w, int h, SkBitmap* bmp) { bmp->setConfig(SkBitmap::kARGB_8888_Config, w, h); bmp->allocPixels(); for (int y = 0; y < h; ++y) { for (int x = 0; x < w; ++x) { const uint8_t component = static_cast(y * w + x); const SkColor pixel = SkColorSetARGB(component, component, component, component); *bmp->getAddr32(x, y) = pixel; } } } // Draws a horizontal and vertical grid into the w x h bitmap passed in. // Each line in the grid is drawn with a width of "grid_width" pixels, // and those lines repeat every "grid_pitch" pixels. The top left pixel (0, 0) // is considered to be part of a grid line. // The pixels that fall on a line are colored with "grid_color", while those // outside of the lines are colored in "background_color". // Note that grid_with can be greather than or equal to grid_pitch, in which // case the resulting bitmap will be a solid color "grid_color". void DrawGridToBitmap(int w, int h, SkColor background_color, SkColor grid_color, int grid_pitch, int grid_width, SkBitmap* bmp) { ASSERT_GT(grid_pitch, 0); ASSERT_GT(grid_width, 0); ASSERT_NE(background_color, grid_color); bmp->setConfig(SkBitmap::kARGB_8888_Config, w, h); bmp->allocPixels(); for (int y = 0; y < h; ++y) { bool y_on_grid = ((y % grid_pitch) < grid_width); for (int x = 0; x < w; ++x) { bool on_grid = (y_on_grid || ((x % grid_pitch) < grid_width)); *bmp->getAddr32(x, y) = (on_grid ? grid_color : background_color); } } } // Draws a checkerboard pattern into the w x h bitmap passed in. // Each rectangle is rect_w in width, rect_h in height. // The colors alternate between color1 and color2, color1 being used // in the rectangle at the top left corner. void DrawCheckerToBitmap(int w, int h, SkColor color1, SkColor color2, int rect_w, int rect_h, SkBitmap* bmp) { ASSERT_GT(rect_w, 0); ASSERT_GT(rect_h, 0); ASSERT_NE(color1, color2); bmp->setConfig(SkBitmap::kARGB_8888_Config, w, h); bmp->allocPixels(); for (int y = 0; y < h; ++y) { bool y_bit = (((y / rect_h) & 0x1) == 0); for (int x = 0; x < w; ++x) { bool x_bit = (((x / rect_w) & 0x1) == 0); bool use_color2 = (x_bit != y_bit); // xor *bmp->getAddr32(x, y) = (use_color2 ? color2 : color1); } } } // DEBUG_BITMAP_GENERATION (0 or 1) controls whether the routines // to save the test bitmaps are present. By default the test just fails // without reading/writing files but it is then convenient to have // a simple way to make the failing tests write out the input/output images // to check them visually. #define DEBUG_BITMAP_GENERATION (0) #if DEBUG_BITMAP_GENERATION void SaveBitmapToPNG(const SkBitmap& bmp, const char* path) { SkAutoLockPixels lock(bmp); std::vector png; gfx::PNGCodec::ColorFormat color_format = gfx::PNGCodec::FORMAT_RGBA; if (!gfx::PNGCodec::Encode( reinterpret_cast(bmp.getPixels()), color_format, gfx::Size(bmp.width(), bmp.height()), static_cast(bmp.rowBytes()), false, std::vector(), &png)) { FAIL() << "Failed to encode image"; } const FilePath fpath(path); const int num_written = file_util::WriteFile(fpath, reinterpret_cast(&png[0]), png.size()); if (num_written != static_cast(png.size())) { FAIL() << "Failed to write dest \"" << path << '"'; } } #endif // #if DEBUG_BITMAP_GENERATION void CheckResampleToSame(skia::ImageOperations::ResizeMethod method) { // Make our source bitmap. const int src_w = 16, src_h = 34; SkBitmap src; FillDataToBitmap(src_w, src_h, &src); // Do a resize of the full bitmap to the same size. The lanczos filter is good // enough that we should get exactly the same image for output. SkBitmap results = skia::ImageOperations::Resize(src, method, src_w, src_h); ASSERT_EQ(src_w, results.width()); ASSERT_EQ(src_h, results.height()); SkAutoLockPixels src_lock(src); SkAutoLockPixels results_lock(results); for (int y = 0; y < src_h; y++) { for (int x = 0; x < src_w; x++) { EXPECT_EQ(*src.getAddr32(x, y), *results.getAddr32(x, y)); } } } // Types defined outside of the ResizeShouldAverageColors test to allow // use of the arraysize() macro. // // 'max_color_distance_override' is used in a max() call together with // the value of 'max_color_distance' defined in a TestedPixel instance. // Hence a value of 0.0 in 'max_color_distance_override' means // "use the pixel-specific value" and larger values can be used to allow // worse computation errors than provided in a TestedPixel instance. struct TestedResizeMethod { skia::ImageOperations::ResizeMethod method; const char* name; float max_color_distance_override; }; struct TestedPixel { int x; int y; float max_color_distance; const char* name; }; // Helper function used by the test "ResizeShouldAverageColors" below. // Note that ASSERT_EQ does a "return;" on failure, hence we can't have // a "bool" return value to reflect success. Hence "all_pixels_pass" void CheckResizeMethodShouldAverageGrid( const SkBitmap& src, const TestedResizeMethod& tested_method, int dest_w, int dest_h, SkColor average_color, bool* method_passed) { *method_passed = false; const TestedPixel tested_pixels[] = { // Corners { 0, 0, 2.3f, "Top left corner" }, { 0, dest_h - 1, 2.3f, "Bottom left corner" }, { dest_w - 1, 0, 2.3f, "Top right corner" }, { dest_w - 1, dest_h - 1, 2.3f, "Bottom right corner" }, // Middle points of each side { dest_w / 2, 0, 1.0f, "Top middle" }, { dest_w / 2, dest_h - 1, 1.0f, "Bottom middle" }, { 0, dest_h / 2, 1.0f, "Left middle" }, { dest_w - 1, dest_h / 2, 1.0f, "Right middle" }, // Center { dest_w / 2, dest_h / 2, 1.0f, "Center" } }; // Resize the src const skia::ImageOperations::ResizeMethod method = tested_method.method; SkBitmap dest = skia::ImageOperations::Resize(src, method, dest_w, dest_h); ASSERT_EQ(dest_w, dest.width()); ASSERT_EQ(dest_h, dest.height()); // Check that pixels match the expected average. float max_observed_distance = 0.0f; bool all_pixels_ok = true; SkAutoLockPixels dest_lock(dest); for (size_t pixel_index = 0; pixel_index < arraysize(tested_pixels); ++pixel_index) { const TestedPixel& tested_pixel = tested_pixels[pixel_index]; const int x = tested_pixel.x; const int y = tested_pixel.y; const float max_allowed_distance = std::max(tested_pixel.max_color_distance, tested_method.max_color_distance_override); const SkColor actual_color = *dest.getAddr32(x, y); // Check that the pixels away from the border region are very close // to the expected average color float distance = ColorsEuclidianDistance(average_color, actual_color); EXPECT_LE(distance, max_allowed_distance) << "Resizing method: " << tested_method.name << ", pixel tested: " << tested_pixel.name << "(" << x << ", " << y << ")" << std::hex << std::showbase << ", expected (avg) hex: " << average_color << ", actual hex: " << actual_color; if (distance > max_allowed_distance) { all_pixels_ok = false; } if (distance > max_observed_distance) { max_observed_distance = distance; } } if (!all_pixels_ok) { ADD_FAILURE() << "Maximum observed color distance for method " << tested_method.name << ": " << max_observed_distance; #if DEBUG_BITMAP_GENERATION char path[128]; base::snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "/tmp/ResizeShouldAverageColors_%s_dest.png", tested_method.name); SaveBitmapToPNG(dest, path); #endif // #if DEBUG_BITMAP_GENERATION } *method_passed = all_pixels_ok; } } // namespace // Helper tests that saves bitmaps to PNGs in /tmp/ to visually check // that the bitmap generation functions work as expected. // Those tests are not enabled by default as verification is done // manually/visually, however it is convenient to leave the functions // in place. #if 0 && DEBUG_BITMAP_GENERATION TEST(ImageOperations, GenerateGradientBitmap) { // Make our source bitmap. const int src_w = 640, src_h = 480; SkBitmap src; FillDataToBitmap(src_w, src_h, &src); SaveBitmapToPNG(src, "/tmp/gradient_640x480.png"); } TEST(ImageOperations, GenerateGridBitmap) { const int src_w = 640, src_h = 480, src_grid_pitch = 10, src_grid_width = 4; const SkColor grid_color = SK_ColorRED, background_color = SK_ColorBLUE; SkBitmap src; DrawGridToBitmap(src_w, src_h, background_color, grid_color, src_grid_pitch, src_grid_width, &src); SaveBitmapToPNG(src, "/tmp/grid_640x408_10_4_red_blue.png"); } TEST(ImageOperations, GenerateCheckerBitmap) { const int src_w = 640, src_h = 480, rect_w = 10, rect_h = 4; const SkColor color1 = SK_ColorRED, color2 = SK_ColorBLUE; SkBitmap src; DrawCheckerToBitmap(src_w, src_h, color1, color2, rect_w, rect_h, &src); SaveBitmapToPNG(src, "/tmp/checker_640x408_10_4_red_blue.png"); } #endif // #if ... && DEBUG_BITMAP_GENERATION // Makes the bitmap 50% the size as the original using a box filter. This is // an easy operation that we can check the results for manually. TEST(ImageOperations, Halve) { // Make our source bitmap. int src_w = 30, src_h = 38; SkBitmap src; FillDataToBitmap(src_w, src_h, &src); // Do a halving of the full bitmap. SkBitmap actual_results = skia::ImageOperations::Resize( src, skia::ImageOperations::RESIZE_BOX, src_w / 2, src_h / 2); ASSERT_EQ(src_w / 2, actual_results.width()); ASSERT_EQ(src_h / 2, actual_results.height()); // Compute the expected values & compare. SkAutoLockPixels lock(actual_results); for (int y = 0; y < actual_results.height(); y++) { for (int x = 0; x < actual_results.width(); x++) { // Note that those expressions take into account the "half-pixel" // offset that comes into play due to considering the coordinates // of the center of the pixels. So x * 2 is a simplification // of ((x+0.5) * 2 - 1) and (x * 2 + 1) is really (x + 0.5) * 2. int first_x = x * 2; int last_x = std::min(src_w - 1, x * 2 + 1); int first_y = y * 2; int last_y = std::min(src_h - 1, y * 2 + 1); const uint32_t expected_color = AveragePixel(src, first_x, last_x, first_y, last_y); const uint32_t actual_color = *actual_results.getAddr32(x, y); const bool close = ColorsClose(expected_color, actual_color); EXPECT_TRUE(close); if (!close) { char str[128]; base::snprintf(str, sizeof(str), "exp[%d,%d] = %08X, actual[%d,%d] = %08X", x, y, expected_color, x, y, actual_color); ADD_FAILURE() << str; PrintPixel(src, first_x, last_x, first_y, last_y); } } } } TEST(ImageOperations, HalveSubset) { // Make our source bitmap. int src_w = 16, src_h = 34; SkBitmap src; FillDataToBitmap(src_w, src_h, &src); // Do a halving of the full bitmap. SkBitmap full_results = skia::ImageOperations::Resize( src, skia::ImageOperations::RESIZE_BOX, src_w / 2, src_h / 2); ASSERT_EQ(src_w / 2, full_results.width()); ASSERT_EQ(src_h / 2, full_results.height()); // Now do a halving of a a subset, recall the destination subset is in the // destination coordinate system (max = half of the original image size). SkIRect subset_rect = { 2, 3, 3, 6 }; SkBitmap subset_results = skia::ImageOperations::Resize( src, skia::ImageOperations::RESIZE_BOX, src_w / 2, src_h / 2, subset_rect); ASSERT_EQ(subset_rect.width(), subset_results.width()); ASSERT_EQ(subset_rect.height(), subset_results.height()); // The computed subset and the corresponding subset of the original image // should be the same. SkAutoLockPixels full_lock(full_results); SkAutoLockPixels subset_lock(subset_results); for (int y = 0; y < subset_rect.height(); y++) { for (int x = 0; x < subset_rect.width(); x++) { ASSERT_EQ( *full_results.getAddr32(x + subset_rect.fLeft, y + subset_rect.fTop), *subset_results.getAddr32(x, y)); } } } // Resamples an image to the same image, it should give the same result. TEST(ImageOperations, ResampleToSameHamming1) { CheckResampleToSame(skia::ImageOperations::RESIZE_HAMMING1); } TEST(ImageOperations, ResampleToSameLanczos2) { CheckResampleToSame(skia::ImageOperations::RESIZE_LANCZOS2); } TEST(ImageOperations, ResampleToSameLanczos3) { CheckResampleToSame(skia::ImageOperations::RESIZE_LANCZOS3); } // Check that all Good/Better/Best, Box, Lanczos2 and Lanczos3 generate purple // when resizing a 4x8 red/blue checker pattern by 1/16x1/16. TEST(ImageOperations, ResizeShouldAverageColors) { // Make our source bitmap. const int src_w = 640, src_h = 480, checker_rect_w = 4, checker_rect_h = 8; const SkColor checker_color1 = SK_ColorRED, checker_color2 = SK_ColorBLUE; const int dest_w = src_w / (4 * checker_rect_w); const int dest_h = src_h / (2 * checker_rect_h); // Compute the expected (average) color const SkColor colors[] = { checker_color1, checker_color2 }; const SkColor average_color = AveragePixel(colors, arraysize(colors)); // RESIZE_SUBPIXEL is only supported on Linux/non-GTV platforms. static const TestedResizeMethod tested_methods[] = { { skia::ImageOperations::RESIZE_GOOD, "GOOD", 0.0f }, { skia::ImageOperations::RESIZE_BETTER, "BETTER", 0.0f }, { skia::ImageOperations::RESIZE_BEST, "BEST", 0.0f }, { skia::ImageOperations::RESIZE_BOX, "BOX", 0.0f }, { skia::ImageOperations::RESIZE_HAMMING1, "HAMMING1", 0.0f }, { skia::ImageOperations::RESIZE_LANCZOS2, "LANCZOS2", 0.0f }, { skia::ImageOperations::RESIZE_LANCZOS3, "LANCZOS3", 0.0f }, #if defined(OS_LINUX) && !defined(GTV) // SUBPIXEL has slightly worse performance than the other filters: // 6.324 Bottom left/right corners // 5.099 Top left/right corners // 2.828 Bottom middle // 1.414 Top/Left/Right middle, center // // This is expected since, in order to judge RESIZE_SUBPIXEL accurately, // we'd need to compute distances for each sub-pixel, and potentially // tweak the test parameters so that expectations were realistic when // looking at sub-pixels in isolation. // // Rather than going to these lengths, we added the "max_distance_override" // field in TestedResizeMethod, intended for RESIZE_SUBPIXEL. It allows // us to to enable its testing without having to lower the success criteria // for the other methods. This procedure is distateful but defining // a distance limit for each tested pixel for each method was judged to add // unneeded complexity. { skia::ImageOperations::RESIZE_SUBPIXEL, "SUBPIXEL", 6.4f }, #endif }; // Create our source bitmap. SkBitmap src; DrawCheckerToBitmap(src_w, src_h, checker_color1, checker_color2, checker_rect_w, checker_rect_h, &src); // For each method, downscale by 16 in each dimension, // and check each tested pixel against the expected average color. bool all_methods_ok ALLOW_UNUSED = true; for (size_t method_index = 0; method_index < arraysize(tested_methods); ++method_index) { bool pass = true; CheckResizeMethodShouldAverageGrid(src, tested_methods[method_index], dest_w, dest_h, average_color, &pass); if (!pass) { all_methods_ok = false; } } #if DEBUG_BITMAP_GENERATION if (!all_methods_ok) { SaveBitmapToPNG(src, "/tmp/ResizeShouldAverageColors_src.png"); } #endif // #if DEBUG_BITMAP_GENERATION } // Check that Lanczos2 and Lanczos3 thumbnails produce similar results TEST(ImageOperations, CompareLanczosMethods) { const int src_w = 640, src_h = 480, src_grid_pitch = 8, src_grid_width = 4; const int dest_w = src_w / 4; const int dest_h = src_h / 4; // 5.0f is the maximum distance we see in this test given the current // parameters. The value is very ad-hoc and the parameters of the scaling // were picked to produce a small value. So this test is very much about // revealing egregious regression rather than doing a good job at checking // the math behind the filters. // TODO(evannier): because of the half pixel error mentioned inside // image_operations.cc, this distance is much larger than it should be. // This should read: // const float max_color_distance = 5.0f; const float max_color_distance = 12.1f; // Make our source bitmap. SkColor grid_color = SK_ColorRED, background_color = SK_ColorBLUE; SkBitmap src; DrawGridToBitmap(src_w, src_h, background_color, grid_color, src_grid_pitch, src_grid_width, &src); // Resize the src using both methods. SkBitmap dest_l2 = skia::ImageOperations::Resize( src, skia::ImageOperations::RESIZE_LANCZOS2, dest_w, dest_h); ASSERT_EQ(dest_w, dest_l2.width()); ASSERT_EQ(dest_h, dest_l2.height()); SkBitmap dest_l3 = skia::ImageOperations::Resize( src, skia::ImageOperations::RESIZE_LANCZOS3, dest_w, dest_h); ASSERT_EQ(dest_w, dest_l3.width()); ASSERT_EQ(dest_h, dest_l3.height()); // Compare the pixels produced by both methods. float max_observed_distance = 0.0f; bool all_pixels_ok = true; SkAutoLockPixels l2_lock(dest_l2); SkAutoLockPixels l3_lock(dest_l3); for (int y = 0; y < dest_h; ++y) { for (int x = 0; x < dest_w; ++x) { const SkColor color_lanczos2 = *dest_l2.getAddr32(x, y); const SkColor color_lanczos3 = *dest_l3.getAddr32(x, y); float distance = ColorsEuclidianDistance(color_lanczos2, color_lanczos3); EXPECT_LE(distance, max_color_distance) << "pixel tested: (" << x << ", " << y << std::hex << std::showbase << "), lanczos2 hex: " << color_lanczos2 << ", lanczos3 hex: " << color_lanczos3 << std::setprecision(2) << ", distance: " << distance; if (distance > max_color_distance) { all_pixels_ok = false; } if (distance > max_observed_distance) { max_observed_distance = distance; } } } if (!all_pixels_ok) { ADD_FAILURE() << "Maximum observed color distance: " << max_observed_distance; #if DEBUG_BITMAP_GENERATION SaveBitmapToPNG(src, "/tmp/CompareLanczosMethods_source.png"); SaveBitmapToPNG(dest_l2, "/tmp/CompareLanczosMethods_lanczos2.png"); SaveBitmapToPNG(dest_l3, "/tmp/CompareLanczosMethods_lanczos3.png"); #endif // #if DEBUG_BITMAP_GENERATION } }