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|
// Copyright (c) 2006-2010 The Chromium Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
// found in the LICENSE file.
#include "chrome/browser/net/predictor_api.h"
#include <map>
#include <string>
#include "base/singleton.h"
#include "base/stats_counters.h"
#include "base/stl_util-inl.h"
#include "base/string_number_conversions.h"
#include "base/thread.h"
#include "base/waitable_event.h"
#include "base/values.h"
#include "chrome/browser/browser.h"
#include "chrome/browser/browser_process.h"
#include "chrome/browser/chrome_thread.h"
#include "chrome/browser/io_thread.h"
#include "chrome/browser/net/url_info.h"
#include "chrome/browser/net/preconnect.h"
#include "chrome/browser/net/referrer.h"
#include "chrome/browser/pref_service.h"
#include "chrome/browser/profile.h"
#include "chrome/browser/session_startup_pref.h"
#include "chrome/common/notification_registrar.h"
#include "chrome/common/notification_service.h"
#include "chrome/common/pref_names.h"
#include "net/base/host_resolver.h"
#include "net/base/host_resolver_impl.h"
using base::Time;
using base::TimeDelta;
namespace chrome_browser_net {
static void ResolveOnUIThread(const GURL& url,
UrlInfo::ResolutionMotivation motivation);
static void DnsPrefetchMotivatedList(const UrlList& urls,
UrlInfo::ResolutionMotivation motivation);
static UrlList GetPredictedUrlListAtStartup(PrefService* user_prefs,
PrefService* local_state);
// static
const size_t PredictorInit::kMaxPrefetchConcurrentLookups = 8;
// static
const int PredictorInit::kMaxPrefetchQueueingDelayMs = 500;
// A version number for prefs that are saved. This should be incremented when
// we change the format so that we discard old data.
static const int kPredictorStartupFormatVersion = 1;
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Static helper functions
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Put URL in canonical form, including a scheme, host, and port.
// Returns GURL::EmptyGURL() if the scheme is not http/https or if the url
// cannot be otherwise canonicalized.
static GURL CanonicalizeUrl(const GURL& url) {
if (!url.has_host())
return GURL::EmptyGURL();
std::string scheme;
if (url.has_scheme()) {
scheme = url.scheme();
if (scheme != "http" && scheme != "https")
return GURL::EmptyGURL();
if (url.has_port())
return url.GetWithEmptyPath();
} else {
scheme = "http";
}
// If we omit a port, it will default to 80 or 443 as appropriate.
std::string colon_plus_port;
if (url.has_port())
colon_plus_port = ":" + url.port();
return GURL(scheme + "://" + url.host() + colon_plus_port);
}
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// This section contains all the globally accessable API entry points for the
// DNS Prefetching feature.
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Status of prefetch feature, controlling whether any prefetching is done.
static bool dns_prefetch_enabled = true;
// Cached inverted copy of the off_the_record pref.
static bool on_the_record_switch = true;
// Enable/disable Dns prefetch activity (either via command line, or via pref).
void EnablePredictor(bool enable) {
// NOTE: this is invoked on the UI thread.
dns_prefetch_enabled = enable;
}
void OnTheRecord(bool enable) {
DCHECK(ChromeThread::CurrentlyOn(ChromeThread::UI));
if (on_the_record_switch == enable)
return;
on_the_record_switch = enable;
if (on_the_record_switch)
g_browser_process->io_thread()->ChangedToOnTheRecord();
}
void RegisterPrefs(PrefService* local_state) {
local_state->RegisterListPref(prefs::kDnsStartupPrefetchList);
local_state->RegisterListPref(prefs::kDnsHostReferralList);
}
void RegisterUserPrefs(PrefService* user_prefs) {
user_prefs->RegisterBooleanPref(prefs::kDnsPrefetchingEnabled, true);
}
// When enabled, we use the following instance to service all requests in the
// browser process.
// TODO(willchan): Look at killing this.
static Predictor* predictor = NULL;
// This API is only used in the browser process.
// It is called from an IPC message originating in the renderer. It currently
// includes both Page-Scan, and Link-Hover prefetching.
// TODO(jar): Separate out link-hover prefetching, and page-scan results.
void DnsPrefetchList(const NameList& hostnames) {
// TODO(jar): Push GURL transport further back into renderer.
UrlList urls;
for (NameList::const_iterator it = hostnames.begin();
it < hostnames.end();
++it) {
urls.push_back(GURL("http://" + *it + ":80"));
}
DCHECK(ChromeThread::CurrentlyOn(ChromeThread::IO));
DnsPrefetchMotivatedList(urls, UrlInfo::PAGE_SCAN_MOTIVATED);
}
static void DnsPrefetchMotivatedList(
const UrlList& urls,
UrlInfo::ResolutionMotivation motivation) {
DCHECK(ChromeThread::CurrentlyOn(ChromeThread::UI) ||
ChromeThread::CurrentlyOn(ChromeThread::IO));
if (!dns_prefetch_enabled || NULL == predictor)
return;
if (ChromeThread::CurrentlyOn(ChromeThread::IO)) {
predictor->ResolveList(urls, motivation);
} else {
ChromeThread::PostTask(
ChromeThread::IO,
FROM_HERE,
NewRunnableMethod(predictor,
&Predictor::ResolveList, urls, motivation));
}
}
// This API is used by the autocomplete popup box (where URLs are typed).
void AnticipateUrl(const GURL& url, bool preconnectable) {
DCHECK(ChromeThread::CurrentlyOn(ChromeThread::UI));
if (!dns_prefetch_enabled || NULL == predictor)
return;
if (!url.is_valid())
return;
static std::string last_host;
std::string host = url.HostNoBrackets();
bool is_new_host_request = (host != last_host);
last_host = host;
// Omnibox tends to call in pairs (just a few milliseconds apart), and we
// really don't need to keep resolving a name that often.
// TODO(jar): A/B tests could check for perf impact of the early returns.
static base::TimeTicks last_prefetch_for_host;
base::TimeTicks now = base::TimeTicks::Now();
if (!is_new_host_request) {
const int kMinPreresolveSeconds(10);
if (kMinPreresolveSeconds > (now - last_prefetch_for_host).InSeconds())
return;
}
last_prefetch_for_host = now;
GURL canonical_url(CanonicalizeUrl(url));
UrlInfo::ResolutionMotivation motivation(UrlInfo::OMNIBOX_MOTIVATED);
if (predictor->preconnect_enabled() && preconnectable) {
static base::TimeTicks last_keepalive;
// TODO(jar): The wild guess of 30 seconds could be tuned/tested, but it
// currently is just a guess that most sockets will remain open for at least
// 30 seconds.
const int kMaxSearchKeepaliveSeconds(30);
if ((now - last_keepalive).InSeconds() < kMaxSearchKeepaliveSeconds)
return;
last_keepalive = now;
Preconnect::PreconnectOnUIThread(canonical_url, motivation);
return; // Skip pre-resolution, since we'll open a connection.
}
// Perform at least DNS pre-resolution.
ResolveOnUIThread(canonical_url, motivation);
}
static void ResolveOnUIThread(const GURL& url,
UrlInfo::ResolutionMotivation motivation) {
DCHECK(ChromeThread::CurrentlyOn(ChromeThread::UI));
if (!dns_prefetch_enabled || NULL == predictor || !url.has_host())
return;
ChromeThread::PostTask(
ChromeThread::IO,
FROM_HERE,
NewRunnableMethod(predictor,
&Predictor::Resolve, url, motivation));
}
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// This section intermingles prefetch results with actual browser HTTP
// network activity. It supports calculating of the benefit of a prefetch, as
// well as recording what prefetched hostname resolutions might be potentially
// helpful during the next chrome-startup.
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void PredictFrameSubresources(const GURL& url) {
DCHECK(ChromeThread::CurrentlyOn(ChromeThread::IO));
if (!dns_prefetch_enabled || NULL == predictor)
return;
predictor->PredictFrameSubresources(url);
}
void LearnFromNavigation(const GURL& referring_url, const GURL& target_url) {
DCHECK(ChromeThread::CurrentlyOn(ChromeThread::IO));
if (!dns_prefetch_enabled || NULL == predictor)
return;
predictor->LearnFromNavigation(referring_url, target_url);
}
// The observer class needs to connect starts and finishes of HTTP network
// resolutions. We use the following type for that map.
typedef std::map<int, UrlInfo> ObservedResolutionMap;
// There will only be one instance ever created of the following Observer
// class. The PrefetchObserver lives on the IO thread, and intercepts DNS
// resolutions made by the network stack. This is only used to identify startup
// time resolutions (for re-resolution during our next process startup).
class PrefetchObserver : public net::HostResolver::Observer {
public:
typedef std::set<GURL> FirstResolutions;
// net::HostResolver::Observer implementation:
virtual void OnStartResolution(
int request_id,
const net::HostResolver::RequestInfo& request_info) {}
virtual void OnFinishResolutionWithStatus(int id, bool was_resolved,
const net::HostResolver::RequestInfo& info);
virtual void OnCancelResolution(int id,
const net::HostResolver::RequestInfo& info) {}
void DnsGetFirstResolutionsHtml(std::string* output);
void GetInitialDnsResolutionList(ListValue* startup_list);
private:
void StartupListAppend(const std::string& host, int port);
// List of the first N URL resolutions observed in this run.
FirstResolutions first_resolutions_;
// The number of URLs we'll save for pre-resolving at next startup.
static const size_t kStartupResolutionCount = 10;
};
// TODO(willchan): Look at killing this global.
static PrefetchObserver* g_prefetch_observer = NULL;
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Member definitions for above Observer class.
void PrefetchObserver::OnFinishResolutionWithStatus(
int request_id,
bool was_resolved,
const net::HostResolver::RequestInfo& request_info) {
DCHECK(ChromeThread::CurrentlyOn(ChromeThread::IO));
if (!was_resolved)
return; // Don't remember failures.
if (request_info.is_speculative())
return; // One of our own requests.
if (!request_info.hostname().length())
return; // PAC scripts may create queries without a hostname.
StartupListAppend(request_info.hostname(), request_info.port());
}
void PrefetchObserver::StartupListAppend(const std::string& host, int port) {
DCHECK(ChromeThread::CurrentlyOn(ChromeThread::IO));
if (!on_the_record_switch || NULL == predictor)
return;
if (kStartupResolutionCount <= first_resolutions_.size())
return; // Someone just added the last item.
// TODO(jar): Switch to using speculative_interceptor_ instead of
// PrefetchObserver.
bool is_ssl(443 == port);
std::string url_spec = is_ssl ? "https://" : "http://";
url_spec += host;
url_spec += ":";
url_spec += base::IntToString(port);
GURL url(url_spec);
first_resolutions_.insert(url);
}
void PrefetchObserver::GetInitialDnsResolutionList(ListValue* startup_list) {
DCHECK(ChromeThread::CurrentlyOn(ChromeThread::IO));
DCHECK(startup_list);
startup_list->Clear();
DCHECK_EQ(0u, startup_list->GetSize());
startup_list->Append(new FundamentalValue(kPredictorStartupFormatVersion));
for (FirstResolutions::iterator it = first_resolutions_.begin();
it != first_resolutions_.end();
++it) {
DCHECK(*it == CanonicalizeUrl(*it));
startup_list->Append(new StringValue(it->spec()));
}
}
void PrefetchObserver::DnsGetFirstResolutionsHtml(std::string* output) {
DCHECK(ChromeThread::CurrentlyOn(ChromeThread::IO));
UrlInfo::UrlInfoTable resolution_list;
{
for (FirstResolutions::iterator it(first_resolutions_.begin());
it != first_resolutions_.end();
it++) {
UrlInfo info;
info.SetUrl(*it);
// TODO(jar): Need to set time of info.GetDuration();
resolution_list.push_back(info);
}
}
UrlInfo::GetHtmlTable(resolution_list,
"Future startups will prefetch DNS records for ", false, output);
}
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Support observer to detect opening and closing of OffTheRecord windows.
// This object lives on the UI thread.
class OffTheRecordObserver : public NotificationObserver {
public:
void Register() {
// TODO(pkasting): This test should not be necessary. See crbug.com/12475.
if (registrar_.IsEmpty()) {
registrar_.Add(this, NotificationType::BROWSER_CLOSED,
NotificationService::AllSources());
registrar_.Add(this, NotificationType::BROWSER_OPENED,
NotificationService::AllSources());
}
}
void Observe(NotificationType type, const NotificationSource& source,
const NotificationDetails& details) {
switch (type.value) {
case NotificationType::BROWSER_OPENED:
if (!Source<Browser>(source)->profile()->IsOffTheRecord())
break;
++count_off_the_record_windows_;
OnTheRecord(false);
break;
case NotificationType::BROWSER_CLOSED:
if (!Source<Browser>(source)->profile()->IsOffTheRecord())
break; // Ignore ordinary windows.
DCHECK_LT(0, count_off_the_record_windows_);
if (0 >= count_off_the_record_windows_) // Defensive coding.
break;
if (--count_off_the_record_windows_)
break; // Still some windows are incognito.
OnTheRecord(true);
break;
default:
break;
}
}
private:
friend struct DefaultSingletonTraits<OffTheRecordObserver>;
OffTheRecordObserver() : count_off_the_record_windows_(0) {}
~OffTheRecordObserver() {}
NotificationRegistrar registrar_;
int count_off_the_record_windows_;
DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(OffTheRecordObserver);
};
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// This section supports the about:dns page.
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Provide global support for the about:dns page.
void PredictorGetHtmlInfo(std::string* output) {
DCHECK(ChromeThread::CurrentlyOn(ChromeThread::IO));
output->append("<html><head><title>About DNS</title>"
// We'd like the following no-cache... but it doesn't work.
// "<META HTTP-EQUIV=\"Pragma\" CONTENT=\"no-cache\">"
"</head><body>");
if (!dns_prefetch_enabled || NULL == predictor) {
output->append("Dns Prefetching is disabled.");
} else {
if (!on_the_record_switch) {
output->append("Incognito mode is active in a window.");
} else {
predictor->GetHtmlInfo(output);
if (g_prefetch_observer)
g_prefetch_observer->DnsGetFirstResolutionsHtml(output);
predictor->GetHtmlReferrerLists(output);
}
}
output->append("</body></html>");
}
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// This section intializes global DNS prefetch services.
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
static void InitNetworkPredictor(TimeDelta max_dns_queue_delay,
size_t max_concurrent, PrefService* user_prefs, PrefService* local_state,
bool preconnect_enabled) {
DCHECK(ChromeThread::CurrentlyOn(ChromeThread::UI));
bool prefetching_enabled =
user_prefs->GetBoolean(prefs::kDnsPrefetchingEnabled);
// Gather the list of hostnames to prefetch on startup.
UrlList urls =
GetPredictedUrlListAtStartup(user_prefs, local_state);
ListValue* referral_list =
static_cast<ListValue*>(
local_state->GetMutableList(prefs::kDnsHostReferralList)->DeepCopy());
g_browser_process->io_thread()->InitNetworkPredictor(
prefetching_enabled, max_dns_queue_delay, max_concurrent, urls,
referral_list, preconnect_enabled);
}
void FinalizePredictorInitialization(
Predictor* global_predictor,
net::HostResolver::Observer* global_prefetch_observer,
const UrlList& startup_urls,
ListValue* referral_list) {
DCHECK(ChromeThread::CurrentlyOn(ChromeThread::IO));
predictor = global_predictor;
g_prefetch_observer =
static_cast<PrefetchObserver*>(global_prefetch_observer);
DLOG(INFO) << "DNS Prefetch service started";
// Prefetch these hostnames on startup.
DnsPrefetchMotivatedList(startup_urls,
UrlInfo::STARTUP_LIST_MOTIVATED);
predictor->DeserializeReferrersThenDelete(referral_list);
}
void FreePredictorResources() {
predictor = NULL;
g_prefetch_observer = NULL;
}
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
net::HostResolver::Observer* CreateResolverObserver() {
return new PrefetchObserver();
}
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Functions to handle saving of hostnames from one session to the next, to
// expedite startup times.
static void SaveDnsPrefetchStateForNextStartupAndTrimOnIOThread(
ListValue* startup_list,
ListValue* referral_list,
base::WaitableEvent* completion) {
DCHECK(ChromeThread::CurrentlyOn(ChromeThread::IO));
if (NULL == predictor) {
completion->Signal();
return;
}
if (g_prefetch_observer)
g_prefetch_observer->GetInitialDnsResolutionList(startup_list);
// TODO(jar): Trimming should be done more regularly, such as every 48 hours
// of physical time, or perhaps after 48 hours of running (excluding time
// between sessions possibly).
// For now, we'll just trim at shutdown.
predictor->TrimReferrers();
predictor->SerializeReferrers(referral_list);
completion->Signal();
}
void SavePredictorStateForNextStartupAndTrim(PrefService* prefs) {
DCHECK(ChromeThread::CurrentlyOn(ChromeThread::UI));
if (!dns_prefetch_enabled || predictor == NULL)
return;
base::WaitableEvent completion(true, false);
bool posted = ChromeThread::PostTask(
ChromeThread::IO,
FROM_HERE,
NewRunnableFunction(SaveDnsPrefetchStateForNextStartupAndTrimOnIOThread,
prefs->GetMutableList(prefs::kDnsStartupPrefetchList),
prefs->GetMutableList(prefs::kDnsHostReferralList),
&completion));
DCHECK(posted);
if (posted)
completion.Wait();
}
static UrlList GetPredictedUrlListAtStartup(PrefService* user_prefs,
PrefService* local_state) {
DCHECK(ChromeThread::CurrentlyOn(ChromeThread::UI));
UrlList urls;
// Recall list of URLs we learned about during last session.
// This may catch secondary hostnames, pulled in by the homepages. It will
// also catch more of the "primary" home pages, since that was (presumably)
// rendered first (and will be rendered first this time too).
ListValue* startup_list =
local_state->GetMutableList(prefs::kDnsStartupPrefetchList);
if (startup_list) {
ListValue::iterator it = startup_list->begin();
int format_version = -1;
if (it != startup_list->end() &&
(*it)->GetAsInteger(&format_version) &&
format_version == kPredictorStartupFormatVersion) {
++it;
for (; it != startup_list->end(); ++it) {
std::string url_spec;
if (!(*it)->GetAsString(&url_spec)) {
LOG(DFATAL);
break; // Format incompatibility.
}
GURL url(url_spec);
if (!url.has_host() || !url.has_scheme()) {
LOG(DFATAL);
break; // Format incompatibility.
}
urls.push_back(url);
}
}
}
// Prepare for any static home page(s) the user has in prefs. The user may
// have a LOT of tab's specified, so we may as well try to warm them all.
SessionStartupPref tab_start_pref =
SessionStartupPref::GetStartupPref(user_prefs);
if (SessionStartupPref::URLS == tab_start_pref.type) {
for (size_t i = 0; i < tab_start_pref.urls.size(); i++) {
GURL gurl = tab_start_pref.urls[i];
if (!gurl.is_valid() || gurl.SchemeIsFile() || gurl.host().empty())
continue;
if (gurl.SchemeIs("http") || gurl.SchemeIs("https"))
urls.push_back(gurl.GetWithEmptyPath());
}
}
if (urls.empty())
urls.push_back(GURL("http://www.google.com:80"));
return urls;
}
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Methods for the helper class that is used to startup and teardown the whole
// predictor system (both DNS pre-resolution and TCP/IP connection prewarming).
PredictorInit::PredictorInit(PrefService* user_prefs,
PrefService* local_state,
bool preconnect_enabled,
bool proconnect_despite_proxy) {
DCHECK(ChromeThread::CurrentlyOn(ChromeThread::UI));
// Set up a field trial to see what disabling DNS pre-resolution does to
// latency of page loads.
FieldTrial::Probability kDivisor = 1000;
// For each option (i.e., non-default), we have a fixed probability.
FieldTrial::Probability kProbabilityPerGroup = 1; // 0.1% probability.
trial_ = new FieldTrial("DnsImpact", kDivisor);
// First option is to disable prefetching completely.
int disabled_prefetch = trial_->AppendGroup("_disabled_prefetch",
kProbabilityPerGroup);
// We're running two experiments at the same time. The first set of trials
// modulates the delay-time until we declare a congestion event (and purge
// our queue). The second modulates the number of concurrent resolutions
// we do at any time. Users are in exactly one trial (or the default) during
// any one run, and hence only one experiment at a time.
// Experiment 1:
// Set congestion detection at 250, 500, or 750ms, rather than the 1 second
// default.
int max_250ms_prefetch = trial_->AppendGroup("_max_250ms_queue_prefetch",
kProbabilityPerGroup);
int max_500ms_prefetch = trial_->AppendGroup("_max_500ms_queue_prefetch",
kProbabilityPerGroup);
int max_750ms_prefetch = trial_->AppendGroup("_max_750ms_queue_prefetch",
kProbabilityPerGroup);
// Set congestion detection at 2 seconds instead of the 1 second default.
int max_2s_prefetch = trial_->AppendGroup("_max_2s_queue_prefetch",
kProbabilityPerGroup);
// Experiment 2:
// Set max simultaneous resoultions to 2, 4, or 6, and scale the congestion
// limit proportionally (so we don't impact average probability of asserting
// congesion very much).
int max_2_concurrent_prefetch = trial_->AppendGroup(
"_max_2 concurrent_prefetch", kProbabilityPerGroup);
int max_4_concurrent_prefetch = trial_->AppendGroup(
"_max_4 concurrent_prefetch", kProbabilityPerGroup);
int max_6_concurrent_prefetch = trial_->AppendGroup(
"_max_6 concurrent_prefetch", kProbabilityPerGroup);
trial_->AppendGroup("_default_enabled_prefetch",
FieldTrial::kAllRemainingProbability);
// We will register the incognito observer regardless of whether prefetching
// is enabled, as it is also used to clear the host cache.
Singleton<OffTheRecordObserver>::get()->Register();
if (trial_->group() != disabled_prefetch) {
// Initialize the DNS prefetch system.
size_t max_concurrent = kMaxPrefetchConcurrentLookups;
int max_queueing_delay_ms = kMaxPrefetchQueueingDelayMs;
if (trial_->group() == max_250ms_prefetch)
max_queueing_delay_ms = 250;
else if (trial_->group() == max_500ms_prefetch)
max_queueing_delay_ms = 500;
else if (trial_->group() == max_750ms_prefetch)
max_queueing_delay_ms = 750;
else if (trial_->group() == max_2s_prefetch)
max_queueing_delay_ms = 2000;
if (trial_->group() == max_2_concurrent_prefetch)
max_concurrent = 2;
else if (trial_->group() == max_4_concurrent_prefetch)
max_concurrent = 4;
else if (trial_->group() == max_6_concurrent_prefetch)
max_concurrent = 6;
// Scale acceptable delay so we don't cause congestion limits to fire as
// we modulate max_concurrent (*if* we are modulating it at all).
max_queueing_delay_ms = (kMaxPrefetchQueueingDelayMs *
kMaxPrefetchConcurrentLookups) / max_concurrent;
TimeDelta max_queueing_delay(
TimeDelta::FromMilliseconds(max_queueing_delay_ms));
Preconnect::SetPreconnectDespiteProxy(proconnect_despite_proxy);
DCHECK(!predictor);
InitNetworkPredictor(max_queueing_delay, max_concurrent, user_prefs,
local_state, preconnect_enabled);
}
}
} // namespace chrome_browser_net
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