Q: gettext's Makefiles don't support VPATH. A: It's some vendors' "make" which doesn't support VPATH. 1) GNU make supports VPATH with both .c.o and %.o:%.c rules. 2) Solaris make should not be used with VPATH at all, as it randomly changes Makefile variables. 3) FreeBSD make does not support %.o:%.c rules at all. For the remaining .c.o rules VPATH is taken into account. For additional dependencies like "foo.o : bar.c" it is not. Since %.o:%.c rules are not portable, GNU package Makefiles shouldn't use them. Only .c.o rules. And then gettext's Makefiles should work with GNU make and with FreeBSD make. But Solaris make is not supportable with VPATH.