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authorVenkatesh Pallipadi <venki@google.com>2010-05-17 18:14:43 -0700
committerIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>2010-06-09 10:34:51 +0200
commitfdf3e95d3916f18bf8703fb065499fdbc4dfe34c (patch)
treeb9bfc0f78135502adf7c83313948a705fb19384b /kernel/sched.c
parent246d86b51845063e4b06b27579990492dc5fa317 (diff)
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sched: Avoid side-effect of tickless idle on update_cpu_load
tickless idle has a negative side effect on update_cpu_load(), which in turn can affect load balancing behavior. update_cpu_load() is supposed to be called every tick, to keep track of various load indicies. With tickless idle, there are no scheduler ticks called on the idle CPUs. Idle CPUs may still do load balancing (with idle_load_balance CPU) using the stale cpu_load. It will also cause problems when all CPUs go idle for a while and become active again. In this case loads would not degrade as expected. This is how rq->nr_load_updates change looks like under different conditions: <cpu_num> <nr_load_updates change> All CPUS idle for 10 seconds (HZ=1000) 0 1621 10 496 11 139 12 875 13 1672 14 12 15 21 1 1472 2 2426 3 1161 4 2108 5 1525 6 701 7 249 8 766 9 1967 One CPU busy rest idle for 10 seconds 0 10003 10 601 11 95 12 966 13 1597 14 114 15 98 1 3457 2 93 3 6679 4 1425 5 1479 6 595 7 193 8 633 9 1687 All CPUs busy for 10 seconds 0 10026 10 10026 11 10026 12 10026 13 10025 14 10025 15 10025 1 10026 2 10026 3 10026 4 10026 5 10026 6 10026 7 10026 8 10026 9 10026 That is update_cpu_load works properly only when all CPUs are busy. If all are idle, all the CPUs get way lower updates. And when few CPUs are busy and rest are idle, only busy and ilb CPU does proper updates and rest of the idle CPUs will do lower updates. The patch keeps track of when a last update was done and fixes up the load avg based on current time. On one of my test system SPECjbb with warehouse 1..numcpus, patch improves throughput numbers by ~1% (average of 6 runs). On another test system (with different domain hierarchy) there is no noticable change in perf. Signed-off-by: Venkatesh Pallipadi <venki@google.com> Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> LKML-Reference: <AANLkTilLtDWQsAUrIxJ6s04WTgmw9GuOODc5AOrYsaR5@mail.gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Diffstat (limited to 'kernel/sched.c')
-rw-r--r--kernel/sched.c100
1 files changed, 95 insertions, 5 deletions
diff --git a/kernel/sched.c b/kernel/sched.c
index f37a961..a757f6b 100644
--- a/kernel/sched.c
+++ b/kernel/sched.c
@@ -457,6 +457,7 @@ struct rq {
unsigned long nr_running;
#define CPU_LOAD_IDX_MAX 5
unsigned long cpu_load[CPU_LOAD_IDX_MAX];
+ unsigned long last_load_update_tick;
#ifdef CONFIG_NO_HZ
u64 nohz_stamp;
unsigned char in_nohz_recently;
@@ -1803,6 +1804,7 @@ static void cfs_rq_set_shares(struct cfs_rq *cfs_rq, unsigned long shares)
static void calc_load_account_idle(struct rq *this_rq);
static void update_sysctl(void);
static int get_update_sysctl_factor(void);
+static void update_cpu_load(struct rq *this_rq);
static inline void __set_task_cpu(struct task_struct *p, unsigned int cpu)
{
@@ -3050,23 +3052,102 @@ static void calc_load_account_active(struct rq *this_rq)
}
/*
+ * The exact cpuload at various idx values, calculated at every tick would be
+ * load = (2^idx - 1) / 2^idx * load + 1 / 2^idx * cur_load
+ *
+ * If a cpu misses updates for n-1 ticks (as it was idle) and update gets called
+ * on nth tick when cpu may be busy, then we have:
+ * load = ((2^idx - 1) / 2^idx)^(n-1) * load
+ * load = (2^idx - 1) / 2^idx) * load + 1 / 2^idx * cur_load
+ *
+ * decay_load_missed() below does efficient calculation of
+ * load = ((2^idx - 1) / 2^idx)^(n-1) * load
+ * avoiding 0..n-1 loop doing load = ((2^idx - 1) / 2^idx) * load
+ *
+ * The calculation is approximated on a 128 point scale.
+ * degrade_zero_ticks is the number of ticks after which load at any
+ * particular idx is approximated to be zero.
+ * degrade_factor is a precomputed table, a row for each load idx.
+ * Each column corresponds to degradation factor for a power of two ticks,
+ * based on 128 point scale.
+ * Example:
+ * row 2, col 3 (=12) says that the degradation at load idx 2 after
+ * 8 ticks is 12/128 (which is an approximation of exact factor 3^8/4^8).
+ *
+ * With this power of 2 load factors, we can degrade the load n times
+ * by looking at 1 bits in n and doing as many mult/shift instead of
+ * n mult/shifts needed by the exact degradation.
+ */
+#define DEGRADE_SHIFT 7
+static const unsigned char
+ degrade_zero_ticks[CPU_LOAD_IDX_MAX] = {0, 8, 32, 64, 128};
+static const unsigned char
+ degrade_factor[CPU_LOAD_IDX_MAX][DEGRADE_SHIFT + 1] = {
+ {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0},
+ {64, 32, 8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0},
+ {96, 72, 40, 12, 1, 0, 0},
+ {112, 98, 75, 43, 15, 1, 0},
+ {120, 112, 98, 76, 45, 16, 2} };
+
+/*
+ * Update cpu_load for any missed ticks, due to tickless idle. The backlog
+ * would be when CPU is idle and so we just decay the old load without
+ * adding any new load.
+ */
+static unsigned long
+decay_load_missed(unsigned long load, unsigned long missed_updates, int idx)
+{
+ int j = 0;
+
+ if (!missed_updates)
+ return load;
+
+ if (missed_updates >= degrade_zero_ticks[idx])
+ return 0;
+
+ if (idx == 1)
+ return load >> missed_updates;
+
+ while (missed_updates) {
+ if (missed_updates % 2)
+ load = (load * degrade_factor[idx][j]) >> DEGRADE_SHIFT;
+
+ missed_updates >>= 1;
+ j++;
+ }
+ return load;
+}
+
+/*
* Update rq->cpu_load[] statistics. This function is usually called every
- * scheduler tick (TICK_NSEC).
+ * scheduler tick (TICK_NSEC). With tickless idle this will not be called
+ * every tick. We fix it up based on jiffies.
*/
static void update_cpu_load(struct rq *this_rq)
{
unsigned long this_load = this_rq->load.weight;
+ unsigned long curr_jiffies = jiffies;
+ unsigned long pending_updates;
int i, scale;
this_rq->nr_load_updates++;
+ /* Avoid repeated calls on same jiffy, when moving in and out of idle */
+ if (curr_jiffies == this_rq->last_load_update_tick)
+ return;
+
+ pending_updates = curr_jiffies - this_rq->last_load_update_tick;
+ this_rq->last_load_update_tick = curr_jiffies;
+
/* Update our load: */
- for (i = 0, scale = 1; i < CPU_LOAD_IDX_MAX; i++, scale += scale) {
+ this_rq->cpu_load[0] = this_load; /* Fasttrack for idx 0 */
+ for (i = 1, scale = 2; i < CPU_LOAD_IDX_MAX; i++, scale += scale) {
unsigned long old_load, new_load;
/* scale is effectively 1 << i now, and >> i divides by scale */
old_load = this_rq->cpu_load[i];
+ old_load = decay_load_missed(old_load, pending_updates - 1, i);
new_load = this_load;
/*
* Round up the averaging division if load is increasing. This
@@ -3074,9 +3155,15 @@ static void update_cpu_load(struct rq *this_rq)
* example.
*/
if (new_load > old_load)
- new_load += scale-1;
- this_rq->cpu_load[i] = (old_load*(scale-1) + new_load) >> i;
+ new_load += scale - 1;
+
+ this_rq->cpu_load[i] = (old_load * (scale - 1) + new_load) >> i;
}
+}
+
+static void update_cpu_load_active(struct rq *this_rq)
+{
+ update_cpu_load(this_rq);
calc_load_account_active(this_rq);
}
@@ -3464,7 +3551,7 @@ void scheduler_tick(void)
raw_spin_lock(&rq->lock);
update_rq_clock(rq);
- update_cpu_load(rq);
+ update_cpu_load_active(rq);
curr->sched_class->task_tick(rq, curr, 0);
raw_spin_unlock(&rq->lock);
@@ -7688,6 +7775,9 @@ void __init sched_init(void)
for (j = 0; j < CPU_LOAD_IDX_MAX; j++)
rq->cpu_load[j] = 0;
+
+ rq->last_load_update_tick = jiffies;
+
#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
rq->sd = NULL;
rq->rd = NULL;