diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'Documentation/block')
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/block/biodoc.txt | 2 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/block/cfq-iosched.txt | 71 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/block/queue-sysfs.txt | 10 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/block/switching-sched.txt | 4 |
4 files changed, 81 insertions, 6 deletions
diff --git a/Documentation/block/biodoc.txt b/Documentation/block/biodoc.txt index c6d84cf..e418dc0 100644 --- a/Documentation/block/biodoc.txt +++ b/Documentation/block/biodoc.txt @@ -186,7 +186,7 @@ a virtual address mapping (unlike the earlier scheme of virtual address do not have a corresponding kernel virtual address space mapping) and low-memory pages. -Note: Please refer to Documentation/PCI/PCI-DMA-mapping.txt for a discussion +Note: Please refer to Documentation/DMA-API-HOWTO.txt for a discussion on PCI high mem DMA aspects and mapping of scatter gather lists, and support for 64 bit PCI. diff --git a/Documentation/block/cfq-iosched.txt b/Documentation/block/cfq-iosched.txt index e578fee..6d670f5 100644 --- a/Documentation/block/cfq-iosched.txt +++ b/Documentation/block/cfq-iosched.txt @@ -43,3 +43,74 @@ If one sets slice_idle=0 and if storage supports NCQ, CFQ internally switches to IOPS mode and starts providing fairness in terms of number of requests dispatched. Note that this mode switching takes effect only for group scheduling. For non-cgroup users nothing should change. + +CFQ IO scheduler Idling Theory +=============================== +Idling on a queue is primarily about waiting for the next request to come +on same queue after completion of a request. In this process CFQ will not +dispatch requests from other cfq queues even if requests are pending there. + +The rationale behind idling is that it can cut down on number of seeks +on rotational media. For example, if a process is doing dependent +sequential reads (next read will come on only after completion of previous +one), then not dispatching request from other queue should help as we +did not move the disk head and kept on dispatching sequential IO from +one queue. + +CFQ has following service trees and various queues are put on these trees. + + sync-idle sync-noidle async + +All cfq queues doing synchronous sequential IO go on to sync-idle tree. +On this tree we idle on each queue individually. + +All synchronous non-sequential queues go on sync-noidle tree. Also any +request which are marked with REQ_NOIDLE go on this service tree. On this +tree we do not idle on individual queues instead idle on the whole group +of queues or the tree. So if there are 4 queues waiting for IO to dispatch +we will idle only once last queue has dispatched the IO and there is +no more IO on this service tree. + +All async writes go on async service tree. There is no idling on async +queues. + +CFQ has some optimizations for SSDs and if it detects a non-rotational +media which can support higher queue depth (multiple requests at in +flight at a time), then it cuts down on idling of individual queues and +all the queues move to sync-noidle tree and only tree idle remains. This +tree idling provides isolation with buffered write queues on async tree. + +FAQ +=== +Q1. Why to idle at all on queues marked with REQ_NOIDLE. + +A1. We only do tree idle (all queues on sync-noidle tree) on queues marked + with REQ_NOIDLE. This helps in providing isolation with all the sync-idle + queues. Otherwise in presence of many sequential readers, other + synchronous IO might not get fair share of disk. + + For example, if there are 10 sequential readers doing IO and they get + 100ms each. If a REQ_NOIDLE request comes in, it will be scheduled + roughly after 1 second. If after completion of REQ_NOIDLE request we + do not idle, and after a couple of milli seconds a another REQ_NOIDLE + request comes in, again it will be scheduled after 1second. Repeat it + and notice how a workload can lose its disk share and suffer due to + multiple sequential readers. + + fsync can generate dependent IO where bunch of data is written in the + context of fsync, and later some journaling data is written. Journaling + data comes in only after fsync has finished its IO (atleast for ext4 + that seemed to be the case). Now if one decides not to idle on fsync + thread due to REQ_NOIDLE, then next journaling write will not get + scheduled for another second. A process doing small fsync, will suffer + badly in presence of multiple sequential readers. + + Hence doing tree idling on threads using REQ_NOIDLE flag on requests + provides isolation from multiple sequential readers and at the same + time we do not idle on individual threads. + +Q2. When to specify REQ_NOIDLE +A2. I would think whenever one is doing synchronous write and not expecting + more writes to be dispatched from same context soon, should be able + to specify REQ_NOIDLE on writes and that probably should work well for + most of the cases. diff --git a/Documentation/block/queue-sysfs.txt b/Documentation/block/queue-sysfs.txt index f652740..d8147b3 100644 --- a/Documentation/block/queue-sysfs.txt +++ b/Documentation/block/queue-sysfs.txt @@ -45,9 +45,13 @@ device. rq_affinity (RW) ---------------- -If this option is enabled, the block layer will migrate request completions -to the CPU that originally submitted the request. For some workloads -this provides a significant reduction in CPU cycles due to caching effects. +If this option is '1', the block layer will migrate request completions to the +cpu "group" that originally submitted the request. For some workloads this +provides a significant reduction in CPU cycles due to caching effects. + +For storage configurations that need to maximize distribution of completion +processing setting this option to '2' forces the completion to run on the +requesting cpu (bypassing the "group" aggregation logic). scheduler (RW) -------------- diff --git a/Documentation/block/switching-sched.txt b/Documentation/block/switching-sched.txt index 71cfbdc..3b2612e 100644 --- a/Documentation/block/switching-sched.txt +++ b/Documentation/block/switching-sched.txt @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ To choose IO schedulers at boot time, use the argument 'elevator=deadline'. -'noop', 'as' and 'cfq' (the default) are also available. IO schedulers are -assigned globally at boot time only presently. +'noop' and 'cfq' (the default) are also available. IO schedulers are assigned +globally at boot time only presently. Each io queue has a set of io scheduler tunables associated with it. These tunables control how the io scheduler works. You can find these entries |