| Commit message (Collapse) | Author | Age | Files | Lines |
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Conflicts:
arch/arm/Kconfig
arch/arm/include/asm/hwcap.h
arch/arm/kernel/smp.c
arch/arm/plat-samsung/adc.c
drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_reg.h
drivers/gpu/drm/i915/intel_drv.h
drivers/mmc/core/sd.c
drivers/net/tun.c
drivers/net/usb/usbnet.c
drivers/regulator/max8997.c
drivers/usb/core/hub.c
drivers/usb/host/xhci.h
drivers/usb/serial/qcserial.c
fs/jbd2/transaction.c
include/linux/migrate.h
kernel/sys.c
kernel/time/timekeeping.c
lib/genalloc.c
mm/memory-failure.c
mm/memory_hotplug.c
mm/mempolicy.c
mm/page_alloc.c
mm/vmalloc.c
mm/vmscan.c
mm/vmstat.c
scripts/Kbuild.include
Change-Id: I91e2d85c07320c7ccfc04cf98a448e89bed6ade6
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commit b0a8cc58e6b9aaae3045752059e5e6260c0b94bc upstream.
In kswapd(), set current->reclaim_state to NULL before returning, as
current->reclaim_state holds reference to variable on kswapd()'s stack.
In rare cases, while returning from kswapd() during memory offlining,
__free_slab() and freepages() can access the dangling pointer of
current->reclaim_state.
Signed-off-by: Takamori Yamaguchi <takamori.yamaguchi@jp.sony.com>
Signed-off-by: Aaditya Kumar <aaditya.kumar@ap.sony.com>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
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commit 635697c663f38106063d5659f0cf2e45afcd4bb5 upstream.
Stable note: The commit [acf92b48: vmscan: shrinker->nr updates race and
go wrong] aimed to reduce excessive reclaim of slab objects but
had bug in how it treated shrinker functions that returned -1.
A shrinker function can return -1, means that it cannot do anything
without a risk of deadlock. For example prune_super() does this if it
cannot grab a superblock refrence, even if nr_to_scan=0. Currently we
interpret this -1 as a ULONG_MAX size shrinker and evaluate `total_scan'
according to this. So the next time around this shrinker can cause
really big pressure. Let's skip such shrinkers instead.
Also make total_scan signed, otherwise the check (total_scan < 0) below
never works.
Signed-off-by: Konstantin Khlebnikov <khlebnikov@openvz.org>
Cc: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
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commit cc9a6c8776615f9c194ccf0b63a0aa5628235545 upstream.
Stable note: Not tracked in Bugzilla. [get|put]_mems_allowed() is extremely
expensive and severely impacted page allocator performance. This
is part of a series of patches that reduce page allocator overhead.
Commit c0ff7453bb5c ("cpuset,mm: fix no node to alloc memory when
changing cpuset's mems") wins a super prize for the largest number of
memory barriers entered into fast paths for one commit.
[get|put]_mems_allowed is incredibly heavy with pairs of full memory
barriers inserted into a number of hot paths. This was detected while
investigating at large page allocator slowdown introduced some time
after 2.6.32. The largest portion of this overhead was shown by
oprofile to be at an mfence introduced by this commit into the page
allocator hot path.
For extra style points, the commit introduced the use of yield() in an
implementation of what looks like a spinning mutex.
This patch replaces the full memory barriers on both read and write
sides with a sequence counter with just read barriers on the fast path
side. This is much cheaper on some architectures, including x86. The
main bulk of the patch is the retry logic if the nodemask changes in a
manner that can cause a false failure.
While updating the nodemask, a check is made to see if a false failure
is a risk. If it is, the sequence number gets bumped and parallel
allocators will briefly stall while the nodemask update takes place.
In a page fault test microbenchmark, oprofile samples from
__alloc_pages_nodemask went from 4.53% of all samples to 1.15%. The
actual results were
3.3.0-rc3 3.3.0-rc3
rc3-vanilla nobarrier-v2r1
Clients 1 UserTime 0.07 ( 0.00%) 0.08 (-14.19%)
Clients 2 UserTime 0.07 ( 0.00%) 0.07 ( 2.72%)
Clients 4 UserTime 0.08 ( 0.00%) 0.07 ( 3.29%)
Clients 1 SysTime 0.70 ( 0.00%) 0.65 ( 6.65%)
Clients 2 SysTime 0.85 ( 0.00%) 0.82 ( 3.65%)
Clients 4 SysTime 1.41 ( 0.00%) 1.41 ( 0.32%)
Clients 1 WallTime 0.77 ( 0.00%) 0.74 ( 4.19%)
Clients 2 WallTime 0.47 ( 0.00%) 0.45 ( 3.73%)
Clients 4 WallTime 0.38 ( 0.00%) 0.37 ( 1.58%)
Clients 1 Flt/sec/cpu 497620.28 ( 0.00%) 520294.53 ( 4.56%)
Clients 2 Flt/sec/cpu 414639.05 ( 0.00%) 429882.01 ( 3.68%)
Clients 4 Flt/sec/cpu 257959.16 ( 0.00%) 258761.48 ( 0.31%)
Clients 1 Flt/sec 495161.39 ( 0.00%) 517292.87 ( 4.47%)
Clients 2 Flt/sec 820325.95 ( 0.00%) 850289.77 ( 3.65%)
Clients 4 Flt/sec 1020068.93 ( 0.00%) 1022674.06 ( 0.26%)
MMTests Statistics: duration
Sys Time Running Test (seconds) 135.68 132.17
User+Sys Time Running Test (seconds) 164.2 160.13
Total Elapsed Time (seconds) 123.46 120.87
The overall improvement is small but the System CPU time is much
improved and roughly in correlation to what oprofile reported (these
performance figures are without profiling so skew is expected). The
actual number of page faults is noticeably improved.
For benchmarks like kernel builds, the overall benefit is marginal but
the system CPU time is slightly reduced.
To test the actual bug the commit fixed I opened two terminals. The
first ran within a cpuset and continually ran a small program that
faulted 100M of anonymous data. In a second window, the nodemask of the
cpuset was continually randomised in a loop.
Without the commit, the program would fail every so often (usually
within 10 seconds) and obviously with the commit everything worked fine.
With this patch applied, it also worked fine so the fix should be
functionally equivalent.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Miao Xie <miaox@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
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commit b95a2f2d486d0d768a92879c023a03757b9c7e58 upstream - WARNING: this is a substitute patch.
Stable note: Not tracked in Bugzilla. This is a partial backport of an
upstream commit addressing a completely different issue
that accidentally contained an important fix. The workload
this patch helps was memcached when IO is started in the
background. memcached should stay resident but without this patch
it gets swapped. Sometimes this manifests as a drop in throughput
but mostly it was observed through /proc/vmstat.
Commit [246e87a9: memcg: fix get_scan_count() for small targets] was meant
to fix a problem whereby small scan targets on memcg were ignored causing
priority to raise too sharply. It forced scanning to take place if the
target was small, memcg or kswapd.
From the time it was introduced it caused excessive reclaim by kswapd
with workloads being pushed to swap that previously would have stayed
resident. This was accidentally fixed in commit [b95a2f2d: mm: vmscan:
convert global reclaim to per-memcg LRU lists] by making it harder for
kswapd to force scan small targets but that patchset is not suitable for
backporting. This was later changed again by commit [90126375: mm/vmscan:
push lruvec pointer into get_scan_count()] into a format that looks
like it would be a straight-forward backport but there is a subtle
difference due to the use of lruvecs.
The impact of the accidental fix is to make it harder for kswapd to force
scan small targets by taking zone->all_unreclaimable into account. This
patch is the closest equivalent available based on what is backported.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
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commit 043bcbe5ec51e0478ef2b44acef17193e01d7f70 upstream.
Stable note: Not tracked in Bugzilla. There were reports of shared
mapped pages being unfairly reclaimed in comparison to older kernels.
This is being addressed over time. Even though the subject
refers to lumpy reclaim, it impacts compaction as well.
Lumpy reclaim does well to stop at a PageAnon when there's no swap, but
better is to stop at any PageSwapBacked, which includes shmem/tmpfs too.
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Reviewed-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
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commit 86cfd3a45042ab242d47f3935a02811a402beab6 upstream.
Stable note: Not tracked in Bugzilla. This patch reduces kswapd CPU
usage on swapless systems with high anonymous memory usage.
It's pointless to continue reclaiming when we have no swap space and lots
of anon pages in the inactive list.
Without this patch, it is possible when swap is disabled to continue
trying to reclaim when there are only anonymous pages in the system even
though that will not make any progress.
Signed-off-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <jweiner@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
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commit c909e99364c8b6ca07864d752950b6b4ecf6bef4 upstream.
Stable note: Not tracked in Bugzilla. There were reports of shared
mapped pages being unfairly reclaimed in comparison to older kernels.
This is being addressed over time.
Logic added in commit 8cab4754d24a0 ("vmscan: make mapped executable pages
the first class citizen") was noticeably weakened in commit
645747462435d84 ("vmscan: detect mapped file pages used only once").
Currently these pages can become "first class citizens" only after second
usage. After this patch page_check_references() will activate they after
first usage, and executable code gets yet better chance to stay in memory.
Signed-off-by: Konstantin Khlebnikov <khlebnikov@openvz.org>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@kernel.dk>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Shaohua Li <shaohua.li@intel.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
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commit 34dbc67a644f11ab3475d822d72e25409911e760 upstream.
Stable note: Not tracked in Bugzilla. There were reports of shared
mapped pages being unfairly reclaimed in comparison to older kernels.
This is being addressed over time. The specific workload being
addressed here in described in paragraph four and while paragraph
five says it did not help performance as such, it made a difference
to major page faults. I'm aware of at least one bug for a large
vendor that was due to increased major faults.
Commit 645747462435 ("vmscan: detect mapped file pages used only once")
greatly decreases lifetime of single-used mapped file pages.
Unfortunately it also decreases life time of all shared mapped file
pages. Because after commit bf3f3bc5e7347 ("mm: don't mark_page_accessed
in fault path") page-fault handler does not mark page active or even
referenced.
Thus page_check_references() activates file page only if it was used twice
while it stays in inactive list, meanwhile it activates anon pages after
first access. Inactive list can be small enough, this way reclaimer can
accidentally throw away any widely used page if it wasn't used twice in
short period.
After this patch page_check_references() also activate file mapped page at
first inactive list scan if this page is already used multiple times via
several ptes.
I found this while trying to fix degragation in rhel6 (~2.6.32) from rhel5
(~2.6.18). There a complete mess with >100 web/mail/spam/ftp containers,
they share all their files but there a lot of anonymous pages: ~500mb
shared file mapped memory and 15-20Gb non-shared anonymous memory. In
this situation major-pagefaults are very costly, because all containers
share the same page. In my load kernel created a disproportionate
pressure on the file memory, compared with the anonymous, they equaled
only if I raise swappiness up to 150 =)
These patches actually wasn't helped a lot in my problem, but I saw
noticable (10-20 times) reduce in count and average time of
major-pagefault in file-mapped areas.
Actually both patches are fixes for commit v2.6.33-5448-g6457474, because
it was aimed at one scenario (singly used pages), but it breaks the logic
in other scenarios (shared and/or executable pages)
Signed-off-by: Konstantin Khlebnikov <khlebnikov@openvz.org>
Acked-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@kernel.dk>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Shaohua Li <shaohua.li@intel.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
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is true for one zone
commit 0cee34fd72c582b4f8ad8ce00645b75fb4168199 upstream.
Stable note: Not tracked on Bugzilla. THP and compaction was found to
aggressively reclaim pages and stall systems under different
situations that was addressed piecemeal over time.
If compaction can proceed for a given zone, shrink_zones() does not
reclaim any more pages from it. After commit [e0c2327: vmscan: abort
reclaim/compaction if compaction can proceed], do_try_to_free_pages()
tries to finish as soon as possible once one zone can compact.
This was intended to prevent slabs being shrunk unnecessarily but there
are side-effects. One is that a small zone that is ready for compaction
will abort reclaim even if the chances of successfully allocating a THP
from that zone is small. It also means that reclaim can return too early
even though sc->nr_to_reclaim pages were not reclaimed.
This partially reverts the commit until it is proven that slabs are really
being shrunk unnecessarily but preserves the check to return 1 to avoid
OOM if reclaim was aborted prematurely.
[aarcange@redhat.com: This patch replaces a revert from Andrea]
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Cc: Dave Jones <davej@redhat.com>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Andy Isaacson <adi@hexapodia.org>
Cc: Nai Xia <nai.xia@gmail.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <jweiner@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
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commit 7335084d446b83cbcb15da80497d03f0c1dc9e21 upstream.
Stable note: Not tracked in Bugzilla. This patch makes later patches
easier to apply but otherwise has little to justify it. The
problem it fixes was never observed but the source of the
theoretical problem did not exist for very long.
During direct reclaim it is possible that reclaim will be aborted so that
compaction can be attempted to satisfy a high-order allocation. If this
decision is made before any pages are reclaimed, it is possible that 0 is
returned to the page allocator potentially triggering an OOM. This has
not been observed but it is a possibility so this patch addresses it.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Cc: Dave Jones <davej@redhat.com>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Andy Isaacson <adi@hexapodia.org>
Cc: Nai Xia <nai.xia@gmail.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <jweiner@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
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pages available
commit fe4b1b244bdb96136855f2c694071cb09d140766 upstream.
Stable note: Not tracked on Bugzilla. THP and compaction was found to
aggressively reclaim pages and stall systems under different
situations that was addressed piecemeal over time. This patch
addresses a problem where the fix regressed THP allocation
success rates.
In commit e0887c19 ("vmscan: limit direct reclaim for higher order
allocations"), Rik noted that reclaim was too aggressive when THP was
enabled. In his initial patch he used the number of free pages to decide
if reclaim should abort for compaction. My feedback was that reclaim and
compaction should be using the same logic when deciding if reclaim should
be aborted.
Unfortunately, this had the effect of reducing THP success rates when the
workload included something like streaming reads that continually
allocated pages. The window during which compaction could run and return
a THP was too small.
This patch combines Rik's two patches together. compaction_suitable() is
still used to decide if reclaim should be aborted to allow compaction is
used. However, it will also ensure that there is a reasonable buffer of
free pages available. This improves upon the THP allocation success rates
but bounds the number of pages that are freed for compaction.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel<riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Cc: Dave Jones <davej@redhat.com>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Andy Isaacson <adi@hexapodia.org>
Cc: Nai Xia <nai.xia@gmail.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <jweiner@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
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commit f0dfcde099453aa4c0dc42473828d15a6d492936 upstream.
Stable note: Fixes https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=712019. This
patch reduces kswapd CPU usage.
There 2 places to read pgdat in kswapd. One is return from a successful
balance, another is waked up from kswapd sleeping. The new_order and
new_classzone_idx represent the balance input order and classzone_idx.
But current new_order and new_classzone_idx are not assigned after
kswapd_try_to_sleep(), that will cause a bug in the following scenario.
1: after a successful balance, kswapd goes to sleep, and new_order = 0;
new_classzone_idx = __MAX_NR_ZONES - 1;
2: kswapd waked up with order = 3 and classzone_idx = ZONE_NORMAL
3: in the balance_pgdat() running, a new balance wakeup happened with
order = 5, and classzone_idx = ZONE_NORMAL
4: the first wakeup(order = 3) finished successufly, return order = 3
but, the new_order is still 0, so, this balancing will be treated as a
failed balance. And then the second tighter balancing will be missed.
So, to avoid the above problem, the new_order and new_classzone_idx need
to be assigned for later successful comparison.
Signed-off-by: Alex Shi <alex.shi@intel.com>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Reviewed-by: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Tested-by: Pádraig Brady <P@draigBrady.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
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commit d2ebd0f6b89567eb93ead4e2ca0cbe03021f344b upstream.
Stable note: Fixes https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=712019. This
patch reduces kswapd CPU usage.
In commit 215ddd66 ("mm: vmscan: only read new_classzone_idx from pgdat
when reclaiming successfully") , Mel Gorman said kswapd is better to sleep
after a unsuccessful balancing if there is tighter reclaim request pending
in the balancing. But in the following scenario, kswapd do something that
is not matched our expectation. The patch fixes this issue.
1, Read pgdat request A (classzone_idx, order = 3)
2, balance_pgdat()
3, During pgdat, a new pgdat request B (classzone_idx, order = 5) is placed
4, balance_pgdat() returns but failed since returned order = 0
5, pgdat of request A assigned to balance_pgdat(), and do balancing again.
While the expectation behavior of kswapd should try to sleep.
Signed-off-by: Alex Shi <alex.shi@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Tim Chen <tim.c.chen@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Tested-by: Pádraig Brady <P@draigBrady.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
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commit c82449352854ff09e43062246af86bdeb628f0c3 upstream.
Stable note: Not tracked in Bugzilla. A fix aimed at preserving page aging
information by reducing LRU list churning had the side-effect of
reducing THP allocation success rates. This was part of a series
to restore the success rates while preserving the reclaim fix.
Commit 39deaf85 ("mm: compaction: make isolate_lru_page() filter-aware")
noted that compaction does not migrate dirty or writeback pages and that
is was meaningless to pick the page and re-add it to the LRU list. This
had to be partially reverted because some dirty pages can be migrated by
compaction without blocking.
This patch updates "mm: compaction: make isolate_lru_page" by skipping
over pages that migration has no possibility of migrating to minimise LRU
disruption.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel<riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Dave Jones <davej@redhat.com>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Andy Isaacson <adi@hexapodia.org>
Cc: Nai Xia <nai.xia@gmail.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <jweiner@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
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commit f80c0673610e36ae29d63e3297175e22f70dde5f upstream.
Stable note: Not tracked in Bugzilla. THP and compaction disrupt the LRU list
leading to poor reclaim decisions which has a variable
performance impact.
In __zone_reclaim case, we don't want to shrink mapped page. Nonetheless,
we have isolated mapped page and re-add it into LRU's head. It's
unnecessary CPU overhead and makes LRU churning.
Of course, when we isolate the page, the page might be mapped but when we
try to migrate the page, the page would be not mapped. So it could be
migrated. But race is rare and although it happens, it's no big deal.
Signed-off-by: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Reviewed-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
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commit 39deaf8585152f1a35c1676d3d7dc6ae0fb65967 upstream.
Stable note: Not tracked in Bugzilla. THP and compaction disrupt the LRU
list leading to poor reclaim decisions which has a variable
performance impact.
In async mode, compaction doesn't migrate dirty or writeback pages. So,
it's meaningless to pick the page and re-add it to lru list.
Of course, when we isolate the page in compaction, the page might be dirty
or writeback but when we try to migrate the page, the page would be not
dirty, writeback. So it could be migrated. But it's very unlikely as
isolate and migration cycle is much faster than writeout.
So, this patch helps cpu overhead and prevent unnecessary LRU churning.
Signed-off-by: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Reviewed-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
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commit 4356f21d09283dc6d39a6f7287a65ddab61e2808 upstream.
Stable note: Not tracked in Bugzilla. This patch makes later patches
easier to apply but has no other impact.
Change ISOLATE_XXX macro with bitwise isolate_mode_t type. Normally,
macro isn't recommended as it's type-unsafe and making debugging harder as
symbol cannot be passed throught to the debugger.
Quote from Johannes
" Hmm, it would probably be cleaner to fully convert the isolation mode
into independent flags. INACTIVE, ACTIVE, BOTH is currently a
tri-state among flags, which is a bit ugly."
This patch moves isolate mode from swap.h to mmzone.h by memcontrol.h
Signed-off-by: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
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commit e0c23279c9f800c403f37511484d9014ac83adec upstream.
Stable note: Not tracked on Bugzilla. THP and compaction was found to
aggressively reclaim pages and stall systems under different
situations that was addressed piecemeal over time.
If compaction can proceed, shrink_zones() stops doing any work but its
callers still call shrink_slab() which raises the priority and potentially
sleeps. This is unnecessary and wasteful so this patch aborts direct
reclaim/compaction entirely if compaction can proceed.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <jweiner@redhat.com>
Cc: Josh Boyer <jwboyer@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
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commit e0887c19b2daa140f20ca8104bdc5740f39dbb86 upstream.
Stable note: Not tracked on Bugzilla. THP and compaction was found to
aggressively reclaim pages and stall systems under different
situations that was addressed piecemeal over time. Paragraph
3 of this changelog is the motivation for this patch.
When suffering from memory fragmentation due to unfreeable pages, THP page
faults will repeatedly try to compact memory. Due to the unfreeable
pages, compaction fails.
Needless to say, at that point page reclaim also fails to create free
contiguous 2MB areas. However, that doesn't stop the current code from
trying, over and over again, and freeing a minimum of 4MB (2UL <<
sc->order pages) at every single invocation.
This resulted in my 12GB system having 2-3GB free memory, a corresponding
amount of used swap and very sluggish response times.
This can be avoided by having the direct reclaim code not reclaim from
zones that already have plenty of free memory available for compaction.
If compaction still fails due to unmovable memory, doing additional
reclaim will only hurt the system, not help.
[jweiner@redhat.com: change comment to explain the order check]
Signed-off-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <jweiner@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <jweiner@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
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commit 3567b59aa80ac4417002bf58e35dce5c777d4164 upstream.
Stable note: Not tracked in Bugzilla. This patch reduces excessive
reclaim of slab objects reducing the amount of information that
has to be brought back in from disk. The third and fourth paragram
in the series describes the impact.
When a shrinker returns -1 to shrink_slab() to indicate it cannot do
any work given the current memory reclaim requirements, it adds the
entire total_scan count to shrinker->nr. The idea ehind this is that
whenteh shrinker is next called and can do work, it will do the work
of the previously aborted shrinker call as well.
However, if a filesystem is doing lots of allocation with GFP_NOFS
set, then we get many, many more aborts from the shrinkers than we
do successful calls. The result is that shrinker->nr winds up to
it's maximum permissible value (twice the current cache size) and
then when the next shrinker call that can do work is issued, it
has enough scan count built up to free the entire cache twice over.
This manifests itself in the cache going from full to empty in a
matter of seconds, even when only a small part of the cache is
needed to be emptied to free sufficient memory.
Under metadata intensive workloads on ext4 and XFS, I'm seeing the
VFS caches increase memory consumption up to 75% of memory (no page
cache pressure) over a period of 30-60s, and then the shrinker
empties them down to zero in the space of 2-3s. This cycle repeats
over and over again, with the shrinker completely trashing the inode
and dentry caches every minute or so the workload continues.
This behaviour was made obvious by the shrink_slab tracepoints added
earlier in the series, and made worse by the patch that corrected
the concurrent accounting of shrinker->nr.
To avoid this problem, stop repeated small increments of the total
scan value from winding shrinker->nr up to a value that can cause
the entire cache to be freed. We still need to allow it to wind up,
so use the delta as the "large scan" threshold check - if the delta
is more than a quarter of the entire cache size, then it is a large
scan and allowed to cause lots of windup because we are clearly
needing to free lots of memory.
If it isn't a large scan then limit the total scan to half the size
of the cache so that windup never increases to consume the whole
cache. Reducing the total scan limit further does not allow enough
wind-up to maintain the current levels of performance, whilst a
higher threshold does not prevent the windup from freeing the entire
cache under sustained workloads.
Signed-off-by: Dave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
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commit acf92b485cccf028177f46918e045c0c4e80ee10 upstream.
Stable note: Not tracked in Bugzilla. This patch reduces excessive
reclaim of slab objects reducing the amount of information
that has to be brought back in from disk.
shrink_slab() allows shrinkers to be called in parallel so the
struct shrinker can be updated concurrently. It does not provide any
exclusio for such updates, so we can get the shrinker->nr value
increasing or decreasing incorrectly.
As a result, when a shrinker repeatedly returns a value of -1 (e.g.
a VFS shrinker called w/ GFP_NOFS), the shrinker->nr goes haywire,
sometimes updating with the scan count that wasn't used, sometimes
losing it altogether. Worse is when a shrinker does work and that
update is lost due to racy updates, which means the shrinker will do
the work again!
Fix this by making the total_scan calculations independent of
shrinker->nr, and making the shrinker->nr updates atomic w.r.t. to
other updates via cmpxchg loops.
Signed-off-by: Dave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
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commit 095760730c1047c69159ce88021a7fa3833502c8 upstream.
Stable note: This patch makes later patches easier to apply but otherwise
has little to justify it. It is a diagnostic patch that was part
of a series addressing excessive slab shrinking after GFP_NOFS
failures. There is detailed information on the series' motivation
at https://lkml.org/lkml/2011/6/2/42 .
It is impossible to understand what the shrinkers are actually doing
without instrumenting the code, so add a some tracepoints to allow
insight to be gained.
Signed-off-by: Dave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
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commit 439423f6894aa0dec22187526827456f5004baed upstream.
Stable note: Not tracked in Bugzilla. kswapd is responsible for clearing
ZONE_CONGESTED after it balances a zone and this patch fixes a bug
where that was failing to happen. Without this patch, processes
can stall in wait_iff_congested unnecessarily. For users, this can
look like an interactivity stall but some workloads would see it
as sudden drop in throughput.
ZONE_CONGESTED is only cleared in kswapd, but pages can be freed in any
task. It's possible ZONE_CONGESTED isn't cleared in some cases:
1. the zone is already balanced just entering balance_pgdat() for
order-0 because concurrent tasks free memory. In this case, later
check will skip the zone as it's balanced so the flag isn't cleared.
2. high order balance fallbacks to order-0. quote from Mel: At the
end of balance_pgdat(), kswapd uses the following logic;
If reclaiming at high order {
for each zone {
if all_unreclaimable
skip
if watermark is not met
order = 0
loop again
/* watermark is met */
clear congested
}
}
i.e. it clears ZONE_CONGESTED if it the zone is balanced. if not,
it restarts balancing at order-0. However, if the higher zones are
balanced for order-0, kswapd will miss clearing ZONE_CONGESTED as
that only happens after a zone is shrunk. This can mean that
wait_iff_congested() stalls unnecessarily.
This patch makes kswapd clear ZONE_CONGESTED during its initial
highmem->dma scan for zones that are already balanced.
Signed-off-by: Shaohua Li <shaohua.li@intel.com>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Reviewed-by: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
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commit a4d3e9e76337059406fcf3ead288c0df22a790e9 upstream.
Stable note: Not tracked in Bugzilla. This patch augments an earlier commit
that avoids scanning priority being artificially raised. The older
fix was particularly important for small memcgs to avoid calling
wait_iff_congested() unnecessarily.
Without swap, anonymous pages are not scanned. As such, they should not
count when considering force-scanning a small target if there is no swap.
Otherwise, targets are not force-scanned even when their effective scan
number is zero and the other conditions--kswapd/memcg--apply.
This fixes 246e87a93934 ("memcg: fix get_scan_count() for small
targets").
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix comment]
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <jweiner@redhat.com>
Acked-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Ying Han <yinghan@google.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <bsingharora@gmail.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Daisuke Nishimura <nishimura@mxp.nes.nec.co.jp>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
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commit 1c7e7f6c0703d03af6bcd5ccc11fc15d23e5ecbe upstream.
Offlining memory may block forever, waiting for kswapd() to wake up
because kswapd() does not check the event kthread->should_stop before
sleeping.
The proper pattern, from Documentation/memory-barriers.txt, is:
--- waker ---
event_indicated = 1;
wake_up_process(event_daemon);
--- sleeper ---
for (;;) {
set_current_state(TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE);
if (event_indicated)
break;
schedule();
}
set_current_state() may be wrapped by:
prepare_to_wait();
In the kswapd() case, event_indicated is kthread->should_stop.
=== offlining memory (waker) ===
kswapd_stop()
kthread_stop()
kthread->should_stop = 1
wake_up_process()
wait_for_completion()
=== kswapd_try_to_sleep (sleeper) ===
kswapd_try_to_sleep()
prepare_to_wait()
.
.
schedule()
.
.
finish_wait()
The schedule() needs to be protected by a test of kthread->should_stop,
which is wrapped by kthread_should_stop().
Reproducer:
Do heavy file I/O in background.
Do a memory offline/online in a tight loop
Signed-off-by: Aaditya Kumar <aaditya.kumar@ap.sony.com>
Acked-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
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commit d8adde17e5f858427504725218c56aef90e90fc7 upstream.
kswapd_stop() is called to destroy the kswapd work thread when all memory
of a NUMA node has been offlined. But kswapd_stop() only terminates the
work thread without resetting NODE_DATA(nid)->kswapd to NULL. The stale
pointer will prevent kswapd_run() from creating a new work thread when
adding memory to the memory-less NUMA node again. Eventually the stale
pointer may cause invalid memory access.
An example stack dump as below. It's reproduced with 2.6.32, but latest
kernel has the same issue.
BUG: unable to handle kernel NULL pointer dereference at (null)
IP: [<ffffffff81051a94>] exit_creds+0x12/0x78
PGD 0
Oops: 0000 [#1] SMP
last sysfs file: /sys/devices/system/memory/memory391/state
CPU 11
Modules linked in: cpufreq_conservative cpufreq_userspace cpufreq_powersave acpi_cpufreq microcode fuse loop dm_mod tpm_tis rtc_cmos i2c_i801 rtc_core tpm serio_raw pcspkr sg tpm_bios igb i2c_core iTCO_wdt rtc_lib mptctl iTCO_vendor_support button dca bnx2 usbhid hid uhci_hcd ehci_hcd usbcore sd_mod crc_t10dif edd ext3 mbcache jbd fan ide_pci_generic ide_core ata_generic ata_piix libata thermal processor thermal_sys hwmon mptsas mptscsih mptbase scsi_transport_sas scsi_mod
Pid: 7949, comm: sh Not tainted 2.6.32.12-qiuxishi-5-default #92 Tecal RH2285
RIP: 0010:exit_creds+0x12/0x78
RSP: 0018:ffff8806044f1d78 EFLAGS: 00010202
RAX: 0000000000000000 RBX: ffff880604f22140 RCX: 0000000000019502
RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: 0000000000000202 RDI: 0000000000000000
RBP: ffff880604f22150 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: ffffffff81a4dc10
R10: 00000000000032a0 R11: ffff880006202500 R12: 0000000000000000
R13: 0000000000c40000 R14: 0000000000008000 R15: 0000000000000001
FS: 00007fbc03d066f0(0000) GS:ffff8800282e0000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000
CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 000000008005003b
CR2: 0000000000000000 CR3: 000000060f029000 CR4: 00000000000006e0
DR0: 0000000000000000 DR1: 0000000000000000 DR2: 0000000000000000
DR3: 0000000000000000 DR6: 00000000ffff0ff0 DR7: 0000000000000400
Process sh (pid: 7949, threadinfo ffff8806044f0000, task ffff880603d7c600)
Stack:
ffff880604f22140 ffffffff8103aac5 ffff880604f22140 ffffffff8104d21e
ffff880006202500 0000000000008000 0000000000c38000 ffffffff810bd5b1
0000000000000000 ffff880603d7c600 00000000ffffdd29 0000000000000003
Call Trace:
__put_task_struct+0x5d/0x97
kthread_stop+0x50/0x58
offline_pages+0x324/0x3da
memory_block_change_state+0x179/0x1db
store_mem_state+0x9e/0xbb
sysfs_write_file+0xd0/0x107
vfs_write+0xad/0x169
sys_write+0x45/0x6e
system_call_fastpath+0x16/0x1b
Code: ff 4d 00 0f 94 c0 84 c0 74 08 48 89 ef e8 1f fd ff ff 5b 5d 31 c0 41 5c c3 53 48 8b 87 20 06 00 00 48 89 fb 48 8b bf 18 06 00 00 <8b> 00 48 c7 83 18 06 00 00 00 00 00 00 f0 ff 0f 0f 94 c0 84 c0
RIP exit_creds+0x12/0x78
RSP <ffff8806044f1d78>
CR2: 0000000000000000
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: add pglist_data.kswapd locking comments]
Signed-off-by: Xishi Qiu <qiuxishi@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Jiang Liu <jiang.liu@huawei.com>
Acked-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
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commit e48982734ea0500d1eba4f9d96195acc5406cad6 upstream.
Commit 645747462435 ("vmscan: detect mapped file pages used only once")
made mapped pages have another round in inactive list because they might
be just short lived and so we could consider them again next time. This
heuristic helps to reduce pressure on the active list with a streaming
IO worklods.
This patch fixes a regression introduced by this commit for heavy shmem
based workloads because unlike Anon pages, which are excluded from this
heuristic because they are usually long lived, shmem pages are handled
as a regular page cache.
This doesn't work quite well, unfortunately, if the workload is mostly
backed by shmem (in memory database sitting on 80% of memory) with a
streaming IO in the background (backup - up to 20% of memory). Anon
inactive list is full of (dirty) shmem pages when watermarks are hit.
Shmem pages are kept in the inactive list (they are referenced) in the
first round and it is hard to reclaim anything else so we reach lower
scanning priorities very quickly which leads to an excessive swap out.
Let's fix this by excluding all swap backed pages (they tend to be long
lived wrt. the regular page cache anyway) from used-once heuristic and
rather activate them if they are referenced.
The customer's workload is shmem backed database (80% of RAM) and they
are measuring transactions/s with an IO in the background (20%).
Transactions touch more or less random rows in the table. The
transaction rate fell by a factor of 3 (in the worst case) because of
commit 64574746. This patch restores the previous numbers.
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
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Change-Id: I1aaec157aa196f3448eff8636134fce89a814cf2
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commit 4508378b9523e22a2a0175d8bf64d932fb10a67d upstream.
Commit 246e87a93934 ("memcg: fix get_scan_count() for small targets")
fixes the memcg/kswapd behavior against small targets and prevent vmscan
priority too high.
But the implementation is too naive and adds another problem to small
memcg. It always force scan to 32 pages of file/anon and doesn't handle
swappiness and other rotate_info. It makes vmscan to scan anon LRU
regardless of swappiness and make reclaim bad. This patch fixes it by
adjusting scanning count with regard to swappiness at el.
At a test "cat 1G file under 300M limit." (swappiness=20)
before patch
scanned_pages_by_limit 360919
scanned_anon_pages_by_limit 180469
scanned_file_pages_by_limit 180450
rotated_pages_by_limit 31
rotated_anon_pages_by_limit 25
rotated_file_pages_by_limit 6
freed_pages_by_limit 180458
freed_anon_pages_by_limit 19
freed_file_pages_by_limit 180439
elapsed_ns_by_limit 429758872
after patch
scanned_pages_by_limit 180674
scanned_anon_pages_by_limit 24
scanned_file_pages_by_limit 180650
rotated_pages_by_limit 35
rotated_anon_pages_by_limit 24
rotated_file_pages_by_limit 11
freed_pages_by_limit 180634
freed_anon_pages_by_limit 0
freed_file_pages_by_limit 180634
elapsed_ns_by_limit 367119089
scanned_pages_by_system 0
the numbers of scanning anon are decreased(as expected), and elapsed time
reduced. By this patch, small memcgs will work better.
(*) Because the amount of file-cache is much bigger than anon,
recalaim_stat's rotate-scan counter make scanning files more.
Signed-off-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Daisuke Nishimura <nishimura@mxp.nes.nec.co.jp>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Ying Han <yinghan@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
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I'm running a workload which triggers a lot of swap in a machine with 4
nodes. After I kill the workload, I found a kswapd livelock. Sometimes
kswapd3 or kswapd2 are keeping running and I can't access filesystem,
but most memory is free.
This looks like a regression since commit 08951e545918c159 ("mm: vmscan:
correct check for kswapd sleeping in sleeping_prematurely").
Node 2 and 3 have only ZONE_NORMAL, but balance_pgdat() will return 0
for classzone_idx. The reason is end_zone in balance_pgdat() is 0 by
default, if all zones have watermark ok, end_zone will keep 0.
Later sleeping_prematurely() always returns true. Because this is an
order 3 wakeup, and if classzone_idx is 0, both balanced_pages and
present_pages in pgdat_balanced() are 0. We add a special case here.
If a zone has no page, we think it's balanced. This fixes the livelock.
Signed-off-by: Shaohua Li <shaohua.li@intel.com>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Cc: <stable@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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During allocator-intensive workloads, kswapd will be woken frequently
causing free memory to oscillate between the high and min watermark. This
is expected behaviour. Unfortunately, if the highest zone is small, a
problem occurs.
When balance_pgdat() returns, it may be at a lower classzone_idx than it
started because the highest zone was unreclaimable. Before checking if it
should go to sleep though, it checks pgdat->classzone_idx which when there
is no other activity will be MAX_NR_ZONES-1. It interprets this as it has
been woken up while reclaiming, skips scheduling and reclaims again. As
there is no useful reclaim work to do, it enters into a loop of shrinking
slab consuming loads of CPU until the highest zone becomes reclaimable for
a long period of time.
There are two problems here. 1) If the returned classzone or order is
lower, it'll continue reclaiming without scheduling. 2) if the highest
zone was marked unreclaimable but balance_pgdat() returns immediately at
DEF_PRIORITY, the new lower classzone is not communicated back to kswapd()
for sleeping.
This patch does two things that are related. If the end_zone is
unreclaimable, this information is communicated back. Second, if the
classzone or order was reduced due to failing to reclaim, new information
is not read from pgdat and instead an attempt is made to go to sleep. Due
to this, it is also necessary that pgdat->classzone_idx be initialised
each time to pgdat->nr_zones - 1 to avoid re-reads being interpreted as
wakeups.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Reported-by: Pádraig Brady <P@draigBrady.com>
Tested-by: Pádraig Brady <P@draigBrady.com>
Tested-by: Andrew Lutomirski <luto@mit.edu>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: <stable@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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When deciding if kswapd is sleeping prematurely, the classzone is taken
into account but this is different to what balance_pgdat() and the
allocator are doing. Specifically, the DMA zone will be checked based on
the classzone used when waking kswapd which could be for a GFP_KERNEL or
GFP_HIGHMEM request. The lowmem reserve limit kicks in, the watermark is
not met and kswapd thinks it's sleeping prematurely keeping kswapd awake in
error.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Reported-by: Pádraig Brady <P@draigBrady.com>
Tested-by: Pádraig Brady <P@draigBrady.com>
Tested-by: Andrew Lutomirski <luto@mit.edu>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: <stable@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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zone
During allocator-intensive workloads, kswapd will be woken frequently
causing free memory to oscillate between the high and min watermark. This
is expected behaviour.
When kswapd applies pressure to zones during node balancing, it checks if
the zone is above a high+balance_gap threshold. If it is, it does not
apply pressure but it unconditionally shrinks slab on a global basis which
is excessive. In the event kswapd is being kept awake due to a high small
unreclaimable zone, it skips zone shrinking but still calls shrink_slab().
Once pressure has been applied, the check for zone being unreclaimable is
being made before the check is made if all_unreclaimable should be set.
This miss of unreclaimable can cause has_under_min_watermark_zone to be
set due to an unreclaimable zone preventing kswapd backing off on
congestion_wait().
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Reported-by: Pádraig Brady <P@draigBrady.com>
Tested-by: Pádraig Brady <P@draigBrady.com>
Tested-by: Andrew Lutomirski <luto@mit.edu>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: <stable@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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During allocator-intensive workloads, kswapd will be woken frequently
causing free memory to oscillate between the high and min watermark. This
is expected behaviour. Unfortunately, if the highest zone is small, a
problem occurs.
This seems to happen most with recent sandybridge laptops but it's
probably a co-incidence as some of these laptops just happen to have a
small Normal zone. The reproduction case is almost always during copying
large files that kswapd pegs at 100% CPU until the file is deleted or
cache is dropped.
The problem is mostly down to sleeping_prematurely() keeping kswapd awake
when the highest zone is small and unreclaimable and compounded by the
fact we shrink slabs even when not shrinking zones causing a lot of time
to be spent in shrinkers and a lot of memory to be reclaimed.
Patch 1 corrects sleeping_prematurely to check the zones matching
the classzone_idx instead of all zones.
Patch 2 avoids shrinking slab when we are not shrinking a zone.
Patch 3 notes that sleeping_prematurely is checking lower zones against
a high classzone which is not what allocators or balance_pgdat()
is doing leading to an artifical belief that kswapd should be
still awake.
Patch 4 notes that when balance_pgdat() gives up on a high zone that the
decision is not communicated to sleeping_prematurely()
This problem affects 2.6.38.8 for certain and is expected to affect 2.6.39
and 3.0-rc4 as well. If accepted, they need to go to -stable to be picked
up by distros and this series is against 3.0-rc4. I've cc'd people that
reported similar problems recently to see if they still suffer from the
problem and if this fixes it.
This patch: correct the check for kswapd sleeping in sleeping_prematurely()
During allocator-intensive workloads, kswapd will be woken frequently
causing free memory to oscillate between the high and min watermark. This
is expected behaviour.
A problem occurs if the highest zone is small. balance_pgdat() only
considers unreclaimable zones when priority is DEF_PRIORITY but
sleeping_prematurely considers all zones. It's possible for this sequence
to occur
1. kswapd wakes up and enters balance_pgdat()
2. At DEF_PRIORITY, marks highest zone unreclaimable
3. At DEF_PRIORITY-1, ignores highest zone setting end_zone
4. At DEF_PRIORITY-1, calls shrink_slab freeing memory from
highest zone, clearing all_unreclaimable. Highest zone
is still unbalanced
5. kswapd returns and calls sleeping_prematurely
6. sleeping_prematurely looks at *all* zones, not just the ones
being considered by balance_pgdat. The highest small zone
has all_unreclaimable cleared but the zone is not
balanced. all_zones_ok is false so kswapd stays awake
This patch corrects the behaviour of sleeping_prematurely to check the
zones balance_pgdat() checked.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Reported-by: Pádraig Brady <P@draigBrady.com>
Tested-by: Pádraig Brady <P@draigBrady.com>
Tested-by: Andrew Lutomirski <luto@mit.edu>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: <stable@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Commit d149e3b25d7c ("memcg: add the soft_limit reclaim in global direct
reclaim") adds a softlimit hook to shrink_zones(). By this, soft limit
is called as
try_to_free_pages()
do_try_to_free_pages()
shrink_zones()
mem_cgroup_soft_limit_reclaim()
Then, direct reclaim is memcg softlimit hint aware, now.
But, the memory cgroup's "limit" path can call softlimit shrinker.
try_to_free_mem_cgroup_pages()
do_try_to_free_pages()
shrink_zones()
mem_cgroup_soft_limit_reclaim()
This will cause a global reclaim when a memcg hits limit.
This is bug. soft_limit_reclaim() should be called when
scanning_global_lru(sc) == true.
And the commit adds a variable "total_scanned" for counting softlimit
scanned pages....it's not "total". This patch removes the variable and
update sc->nr_scanned instead of it. This will affect shrink_slab()'s
scan condition but, global LRU is scanned by softlimit and I think this
change makes sense.
TODO: avoid too much scanning of a zone when softlimit did enough work.
Signed-off-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Daisuke Nishimura <nishimura@mxp.nes.nec.co.jp>
Cc: Ying Han <yinghan@google.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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It is unsafe to run page_count during the physical pfn scan because
compound_head could trip on a dangling pointer when reading
page->first_page if the compound page is being freed by another CPU.
[mgorman@suse.de: split out patch]
Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Reviewed-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Reviewed-by: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Currently, memcg reclaim can disable swap token even if the swap token mm
doesn't belong in its memory cgroup. It's slightly risky. If an admin
creates very small mem-cgroup and silly guy runs contentious heavy memory
pressure workload, every tasks are going to lose swap token and then
system may become unresponsive. That's bad.
This patch adds 'memcg' parameter into disable_swap_token(). and if the
parameter doesn't match swap token, VM doesn't disable it.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes]
Signed-off-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel<riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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The caller of the function has been renamed to zone_nr_lru_pages(), and
this is just fixing up in the memcg code. The current name is easily to
be mis-read as zone's total number of pages.
Signed-off-by: Ying Han <yinghan@google.com>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@in.ibm.com>
Cc: Daisuke Nishimura <nishimura@mxp.nes.nec.co.jp>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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During memory reclaim we determine the number of pages to be scanned per
zone as
(anon + file) >> priority.
Assume
scan = (anon + file) >> priority.
If scan < SWAP_CLUSTER_MAX, the scan will be skipped for this time and
priority gets higher. This has some problems.
1. This increases priority as 1 without any scan.
To do scan in this priority, amount of pages should be larger than 512M.
If pages>>priority < SWAP_CLUSTER_MAX, it's recorded and scan will be
batched, later. (But we lose 1 priority.)
If memory size is below 16M, pages >> priority is 0 and no scan in
DEF_PRIORITY forever.
2. If zone->all_unreclaimabe==true, it's scanned only when priority==0.
So, x86's ZONE_DMA will never be recoverred until the user of pages
frees memory by itself.
3. With memcg, the limit of memory can be small. When using small memcg,
it gets priority < DEF_PRIORITY-2 very easily and need to call
wait_iff_congested().
For doing scan before priorty=9, 64MB of memory should be used.
Then, this patch tries to scan SWAP_CLUSTER_MAX of pages in force...when
1. the target is enough small.
2. it's kswapd or memcg reclaim.
Then we can avoid rapid priority drop and may be able to recover
all_unreclaimable in a small zones. And this patch removes nr_saved_scan.
This will allow scanning in this priority even when pages >> priority is
very small.
Signed-off-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Ying Han <yinghan@google.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@in.ibm.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Daisuke Nishimura <nishimura@mxp.nes.nec.co.jp>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Presently, memory cgroup's direct reclaim frees memory from the current
node. But this has some troubles. Usually when a set of threads works in
a cooperative way, they tend to operate on the same node. So if they hit
limits under memcg they will reclaim memory from themselves, damaging the
active working set.
For example, assume 2 node system which has Node 0 and Node 1 and a memcg
which has 1G limit. After some work, file cache remains and the usages
are
Node 0: 1M
Node 1: 998M.
and run an application on Node 0, it will eat its foot before freeing
unnecessary file caches.
This patch adds round-robin for NUMA and adds equal pressure to each node.
When using cpuset's spread memory feature, this will work very well.
But yes, a better algorithm is needed.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: comment editing]
[kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com: fix time comparisons]
Signed-off-by: Ying Han <yinghan@google.com>
Signed-off-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@in.ibm.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Daisuke Nishimura <nishimura@mxp.nes.nec.co.jp>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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We recently added the change in global background reclaim which counts the
return value of soft_limit reclaim. Now this patch adds the similar logic
on global direct reclaim.
We should skip scanning global LRU on shrink_zone if soft_limit reclaim
does enough work. This is the first step where we start with counting the
nr_scanned and nr_reclaimed from soft_limit reclaim into global
scan_control.
Signed-off-by: Ying Han <yinghan@google.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Cc: Daisuke Nishimura <nishimura@mxp.nes.nec.co.jp>
Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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The global kswapd scans per-zone LRU and reclaims pages regardless of the
cgroup. It breaks memory isolation since one cgroup can end up reclaiming
pages from another cgroup. Instead we should rely on memcg-aware target
reclaim including per-memcg kswapd and soft_limit hierarchical reclaim under
memory pressure.
In the global background reclaim, we do soft reclaim before scanning the
per-zone LRU. However, the return value is ignored. This patch is the first
step to skip shrink_zone() if soft_limit reclaim does enough work.
This is part of the effort which tries to reduce reclaiming pages in global
LRU in memcg. The per-memcg background reclaim patchset further enhances the
per-cgroup targetting reclaim, which I should have V4 posted shortly.
Try running multiple memory intensive workloads within seperate memcgs. Watch
the counters of soft_steal in memory.stat.
$ cat /dev/cgroup/A/memory.stat | grep 'soft'
soft_steal 240000
soft_scan 240000
total_soft_steal 240000
total_soft_scan 240000
This patch:
In the global background reclaim, we do soft reclaim before scanning the
per-zone LRU. However, the return value is ignored.
We would like to skip shrink_zone() if soft_limit reclaim does enough
work. Also, we need to make the memory pressure balanced across per-memcg
zones, like the logic vm-core. This patch is the first step where we
start with counting the nr_scanned and nr_reclaimed from soft_limit
reclaim into the global scan_control.
Signed-off-by: Ying Han <yinghan@google.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@in.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Daisuke Nishimura <nishimura@mxp.nes.nec.co.jp>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Change each shrinker's API by consolidating the existing parameters into
shrink_control struct. This will simplify any further features added w/o
touching each file of shrinker.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix build]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix warning]
[kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com: fix up new shrinker API]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix xfs warning]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: update gfs2]
Signed-off-by: Ying Han <yinghan@google.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@openvz.org>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Steven Whitehouse <swhiteho@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Consolidate the existing parameters to shrink_slab() into a new
shrink_control struct. This is needed later to pass the same struct to
shrinkers.
Signed-off-by: Ying Han <yinghan@google.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@openvz.org>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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isolate_lru_page() must be called only with stable reference to the page,
this is what is written in the comment above it, this is reasonable.
current isolate_lru_page() users and its page extra reference sources:
mm/huge_memory.c:
__collapse_huge_page_isolate() - reference from pte
mm/memcontrol.c:
mem_cgroup_move_parent() - get_page_unless_zero()
mem_cgroup_move_charge_pte_range() - reference from pte
mm/memory-failure.c:
soft_offline_page() - fixed, reference from get_any_page()
delete_from_lru_cache() - reference from caller or get_page_unless_zero()
[ seems like there bug, because __memory_failure() can call
page_action() for hpages tail, but it is ok for
isolate_lru_page(), tail getted and not in lru]
mm/memory_hotplug.c:
do_migrate_range() - fixed, get_page_unless_zero()
mm/mempolicy.c:
migrate_page_add() - reference from pte
mm/migrate.c:
do_move_page_to_node_array() - reference from follow_page()
mlock.c: - various external references
mm/vmscan.c:
putback_lru_page() - reference from isolate_lru_page()
It seems that all isolate_lru_page() users are ready now for this
restriction. So, let's replace redundant get_page_unless_zero() with
get_page() and add page initial reference count check with VM_BUG_ON()
Signed-off-by: Konstantin Khlebnikov <khlebnikov@openvz.org>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Lee Schermerhorn <lee.schermerhorn@hp.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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It has been reported on some laptops that kswapd is consuming large
amounts of CPU and not being scheduled when SLUB is enabled during large
amounts of file copying. It is expected that this is due to kswapd
missing every cond_resched() point because;
shrink_page_list() calls cond_resched() if inactive pages were isolated
which in turn may not happen if all_unreclaimable is set in
shrink_zones(). If for whatver reason, all_unreclaimable is
set on all zones, we can miss calling cond_resched().
balance_pgdat() only calls cond_resched if the zones are not
balanced. For a high-order allocation that is balanced, it
checks order-0 again. During that window, order-0 might have
become unbalanced so it loops again for order-0 and returns
that it was reclaiming for order-0 to kswapd(). It can then
find that a caller has rewoken kswapd for a high-order and
re-enters balance_pgdat() without ever calling cond_resched().
shrink_slab only calls cond_resched() if we are reclaiming slab
pages. If there are a large number of direct reclaimers, the
shrinker_rwsem can be contended and prevent kswapd calling
cond_resched().
This patch modifies the shrink_slab() case. If the semaphore is
contended, the caller will still check cond_resched(). After each
successful call into a shrinker, the check for cond_resched() remains in
case one shrinker is particularly slow.
[mgorman@suse.de: preserve call to cond_resched after each call into shrinker]
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: James Bottomley <James.Bottomley@HansenPartnership.com>
Tested-by: Colin King <colin.king@canonical.com>
Cc: Raghavendra D Prabhu <raghu.prabhu13@gmail.com>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Chris Mason <chris.mason@oracle.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: <stable@kernel.org> [2.6.38+]
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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There are a few reports of people experiencing hangs when copying large
amounts of data with kswapd using a large amount of CPU which appear to be
due to recent reclaim changes. SLUB using high orders is the trigger but
not the root cause as SLUB has been using high orders for a while. The
root cause was bugs introduced into reclaim which are addressed by the
following two patches.
Patch 1 corrects logic introduced by commit 1741c877 ("mm: kswapd:
keep kswapd awake for high-order allocations until a percentage of
the node is balanced") to allow kswapd to go to sleep when
balanced for high orders.
Patch 2 notes that it is possible for kswapd to miss every
cond_resched() and updates shrink_slab() so it'll at least reach
that scheduling point.
Chris Wood reports that these two patches in isolation are sufficient to
prevent the system hanging. AFAIK, they should also resolve similar hangs
experienced by James Bottomley.
This patch:
Johannes Weiner poined out that the logic in commit 1741c877 ("mm: kswapd:
keep kswapd awake for high-order allocations until a percentage of the
node is balanced") is backwards. Instead of allowing kswapd to go to
sleep when balancing for high order allocations, it keeps it kswapd
running uselessly.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Reviewed-by: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: James Bottomley <James.Bottomley@HansenPartnership.com>
Tested-by: Colin King <colin.king@canonical.com>
Cc: Raghavendra D Prabhu <raghu.prabhu13@gmail.com>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Chris Mason <chris.mason@oracle.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: <stable@kernel.org> [2.6.38+]
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Commit e66eed651fd1 ("list: remove prefetching from regular list
iterators") removed the include of prefetch.h from list.h, which
uncovered several cases that had apparently relied on that rather
obscure header file dependency.
So this fixes things up a bit, using
grep -L linux/prefetch.h $(git grep -l '[^a-z_]prefetchw*(' -- '*.[ch]')
grep -L 'prefetchw*(' $(git grep -l 'linux/prefetch.h' -- '*.[ch]')
to guide us in finding files that either need <linux/prefetch.h>
inclusion, or have it despite not needing it.
There are more of them around (mostly network drivers), but this gets
many core ones.
Reported-by: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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