aboutsummaryrefslogtreecommitdiffstats
path: root/Documentation/coccinelle.txt
blob: cd2b0283706683423afe9a95a7827e79afe020a0 (plain)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
Copyright 2010 Nicolas Palix <npalix@diku.dk>
Copyright 2010 Julia Lawall <julia@diku.dk>
Copyright 2010 Gilles Muller <Gilles.Muller@lip6.fr>


 Getting Coccinelle
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

The semantic patches included in the kernel use the 'virtual rule'
feature which was introduced in Coccinelle version 0.1.11.

Coccinelle (>=0.2.0) is available through the package manager
of many distributions, e.g. :

 - Debian (>=squeeze)
 - Fedora (>=13)
 - Ubuntu (>=10.04 Lucid Lynx)
 - OpenSUSE
 - Arch Linux
 - NetBSD
 - FreeBSD


You can get the latest version released from the Coccinelle homepage at
http://coccinelle.lip6.fr/

Once you have it, run the following command:

     	./configure
        make

as a regular user, and install it with

        sudo make install


 Using Coccinelle on the Linux kernel
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

A Coccinelle-specific target is defined in the top level
Makefile. This target is named 'coccicheck' and calls the 'coccicheck'
front-end in the 'scripts' directory.

Four modes are defined: report, patch, context, and org. The mode to
use is specified by setting the MODE variable with 'MODE=<mode>'.

'report' generates a list in the following format:
  file:line:column-column: message

'patch' proposes a fix, when possible.

'context' highlights lines of interest and their context in a
diff-like style.Lines of interest are indicated with '-'.

'org' generates a report in the Org mode format of Emacs.

Note that not all semantic patches implement all modes.

To make a report for every semantic patch, run the following command:

	make coccicheck MODE=report

NB: The 'report' mode is the default one.

To produce patches, run:

	make coccicheck MODE=patch


The coccicheck target applies every semantic patch available in the
subdirectories of 'scripts/coccinelle' to the entire Linux kernel.

For each semantic patch, a changelog message is proposed.  It gives a
description of the problem being checked by the semantic patch, and
includes a reference to Coccinelle.

As any static code analyzer, Coccinelle produces false
positives. Thus, reports must be carefully checked, and patches
reviewed.


 Using Coccinelle with a single semantic patch
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

The optional make variable COCCI can be used to check a single
semantic patch. In that case, the variable must be initialized with
the name of the semantic patch to apply.

For instance:

	make coccicheck COCCI=<my_SP.cocci> MODE=patch
or
	make coccicheck COCCI=<my_SP.cocci> MODE=report


 Proposing new semantic patches
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

New semantic patches can be proposed and submitted by kernel
developers. For sake of clarity, they should be organized in the
subdirectories of 'scripts/coccinelle/'.


 Detailed description of the 'report' mode
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

'report' generates a list in the following format:
  file:line:column-column: message

Example:

Running

	make coccicheck MODE=report COCCI=scripts/coccinelle/err_cast.cocci

will execute the following part of the SmPL script.

<smpl>
@r depends on !context && !patch && (org || report)@
expression x;
position p;
@@

 ERR_PTR@p(PTR_ERR(x))

@script:python depends on report@
p << r.p;
x << r.x;
@@

msg="ERR_CAST can be used with %s" % (x)
coccilib.report.print_report(p[0], msg)
</smpl>

This SmPL excerpt generates entries on the standard output, as
illustrated below:

/home/user/linux/crypto/ctr.c:188:9-16: ERR_CAST can be used with alg
/home/user/linux/crypto/authenc.c:619:9-16: ERR_CAST can be used with auth
/home/user/linux/crypto/xts.c:227:9-16: ERR_CAST can be used with alg


 Detailed description of the 'patch' mode
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

When the 'patch' mode is available, it proposes a fix for each problem
identified.

Example:

Running
	make coccicheck MODE=patch COCCI=scripts/coccinelle/err_cast.cocci

will execute the following part of the SmPL script.

<smpl>
@ depends on !context && patch && !org && !report @
expression x;
@@

- ERR_PTR(PTR_ERR(x))
+ ERR_CAST(x)
</smpl>

This SmPL excerpt generates patch hunks on the standard output, as
illustrated below:

diff -u -p a/crypto/ctr.c b/crypto/ctr.c
--- a/crypto/ctr.c 2010-05-26 10:49:38.000000000 +0200
+++ b/crypto/ctr.c 2010-06-03 23:44:49.000000000 +0200
@@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ static struct crypto_instance *crypto_ct
 	alg = crypto_attr_alg(tb[1], CRYPTO_ALG_TYPE_CIPHER,
 				  CRYPTO_ALG_TYPE_MASK);
 	if (IS_ERR(alg))
-		return ERR_PTR(PTR_ERR(alg));
+		return ERR_CAST(alg);
 
 	/* Block size must be >= 4 bytes. */
 	err = -EINVAL;

 Detailed description of the 'context' mode
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

'context' highlights lines of interest and their context
in a diff-like style.

NOTE: The diff-like output generated is NOT an applicable patch. The
      intent of the 'context' mode is to highlight the important lines
      (annotated with minus, '-') and gives some surrounding context
      lines around. This output can be used with the diff mode of
      Emacs to review the code.

Example:

Running
	make coccicheck MODE=context COCCI=scripts/coccinelle/err_cast.cocci

will execute the following part of the SmPL script.

<smpl>
@ depends on context && !patch && !org && !report@
expression x;
@@

* ERR_PTR(PTR_ERR(x))
</smpl>

This SmPL excerpt generates diff hunks on the standard output, as
illustrated below:

diff -u -p /home/user/linux/crypto/ctr.c /tmp/nothing
--- /home/user/linux/crypto/ctr.c	2010-05-26 10:49:38.000000000 +0200
+++ /tmp/nothing
@@ -185,7 +185,6 @@ static struct crypto_instance *crypto_ct
 	alg = crypto_attr_alg(tb[1], CRYPTO_ALG_TYPE_CIPHER,
 				  CRYPTO_ALG_TYPE_MASK);
 	if (IS_ERR(alg))
-		return ERR_PTR(PTR_ERR(alg));
 
 	/* Block size must be >= 4 bytes. */
 	err = -EINVAL;

 Detailed description of the 'org' mode
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

'org' generates a report in the Org mode format of Emacs.

Example:

Running
	make coccicheck MODE=org COCCI=scripts/coccinelle/err_cast.cocci

will execute the following part of the SmPL script.

<smpl>
@r depends on !context && !patch && (org || report)@
expression x;
position p;
@@

 ERR_PTR@p(PTR_ERR(x))

@script:python depends on org@
p << r.p;
x << r.x;
@@

msg="ERR_CAST can be used with %s" % (x)
msg_safe=msg.replace("[","@(").replace("]",")")
coccilib.org.print_todo(p[0], msg_safe)
</smpl>

This SmPL excerpt generates Org entries on the standard output, as
illustrated below:

* TODO [[view:/home/user/linux/crypto/ctr.c::face=ovl-face1::linb=188::colb=9::cole=16][ERR_CAST can be used with alg]]
* TODO [[view:/home/user/linux/crypto/authenc.c::face=ovl-face1::linb=619::colb=9::cole=16][ERR_CAST can be used with auth]]
* TODO [[view:/home/user/linux/crypto/xts.c::face=ovl-face1::linb=227::colb=9::cole=16][ERR_CAST can be used with alg]]