[NaCl SDK] Rewrite nacl_io::Path to avoid STL.

Path used to be a std::vector<std::string>. Now it is just a C array of size
PATH_MAX.

The code has a lot of nasty edge cases because it is trying to match the
previous behavior. Really, all this code should be axed -- it is incorrect to
handle paths the way nacl_io does currently. AFAICT, the only place that should
have to handle paths is the path lookup routine.

Fixing that is a much larger change.

BUG=none
R=sbc@chromium.org

Review URL: https://codereview.chromium.org/1016873004

Cr-Commit-Position: refs/heads/master@{#321386}

3 files changed, 369 insertions, 353 deletions

diff --git a/native_client_sdk/src/libraries/nacl_io/path.cc b/native_client_sdk/src/libraries/nacl_io/path.cc
index c524bfa..2196560 100644
--- a/native_client_sdk/src/libraries/nacl_io/path.cc
+++ b/native_client_sdk/src/libraries/nacl_io/path.cc
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 
 #include "nacl_io/path.h"
 
+#include <assert.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <string.h>
 #include <string>
@@ -12,8 +13,13 @@
 
 namespace nacl_io {
 
+Path::Path() : len_(0) {
+  path_[0] = 0;
+}
+
 Path::Path(const Path& path) {
-  paths_ = path.paths_;
+  len_ = path.len_;
+  strcpy(path_, path.path_);
 }
 
 Path::Path(const std::string& path) {
@@ -21,24 +27,54 @@ Path::Path(const std::string& path) {
 }
 
 bool Path::IsAbsolute() const {
-  return !paths_.empty() && paths_[0] == "/";
+  return path_[0] == '/';
 }
 
-const std::string& Path::Part(size_t index) const {
-  return paths_[index];
+std::string Path::Part(size_t index) const {
+  if (IsAbsolute() && index == 0) {
+    return std::string("/");
+  }
+
+  const char* start = &path_[0];
+  size_t slashes = 0;
+  const char* p;
+  for (p = &path_[0]; *p; p++) {
+    if (*p == '/') {
+      if (++slashes == index + 1)
+        break;
+
+      start = p + 1;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return std::string(start, p - start);
 }
 
 size_t Path::Size() const {
-  return paths_.size();
+  if (len_ == 0)
+    return 0;
+
+  const char* p = &path_[0];
+  if (len_ == 1 && *p == '/') {
+    return 1;
+  }
+
+  size_t count = 1;
+  for (; *p; p++) {
+    if (*p == '/')
+      count++;
+  }
+  return count;
 }
 
 bool Path::IsRoot() const {
-  return paths_.empty() || (paths_.size() == 1 && paths_[0] == "/");
+  return strcmp(path_, "/") == 0;
 }
 
 Path& Path::MakeRelative() {
   if (IsAbsolute()) {
-    paths_.erase(paths_.begin());
+    memmove(&path_[0], &path_[1], PATH_MAX - 1);
+    len_--;
   }
   return *this;
 }
@@ -47,14 +83,19 @@ Path& Path::Append(const Path& path) {
   // Appending an absolute path effectivly sets the path, ignoring
   // the current contents.
   if (path.IsAbsolute()) {
-    paths_ = path.paths_;
+    strcpy(path_, path.path_);
   } else {
-    for (size_t index = 0; index < path.paths_.size(); index++) {
-      paths_.push_back(path.paths_[index]);
+    strncat(path_, "/", PATH_MAX - len_ - 1);
+    len_++;
+    strncat(path_, path.path_, PATH_MAX - len_ - 1);
+    len_ += path.len_;
+
+    if (len_ >= PATH_MAX - 1) {
+      len_ = PATH_MAX - 1;
     }
   }
 
-  paths_ = Normalize(paths_);
+  Normalize();
   return *this;
 }
 
@@ -62,142 +103,157 @@ Path& Path::Append(const std::string& path) {
   return Append(Path(path));
 }
 
-Path& Path::Set(const StringArray_t path) {
-  paths_ = Normalize(path);
-  return *this;
-}
-
 Path& Path::Set(const std::string& path) {
-  return Set(Split(path));
+  strncpy(path_, path.c_str(), PATH_MAX - 1);
+  path_[PATH_MAX - 1] = 0;
+  len_ = path.length();
+  if (len_ > PATH_MAX - 1)
+    len_ = PATH_MAX - 1;
+  Normalize();
+  return *this;
 }
 
 Path Path::Parent() const {
-  Path out;
-  out.paths_ = paths_;
-  if (out.paths_.size())
-    out.paths_.pop_back();
-  return out;
+  const char* last_slash = strrchr(path_, '/');
+  if (last_slash) {
+    Path out;
+    if (last_slash == &path_[0]) {
+      out.len_ = 1;
+      strcpy(out.path_, "/");
+    } else {
+      out.len_ = last_slash - &path_[0];
+      strncpy(out.path_, path_, out.len_);
+      out.path_[out.len_] = 0;
+    }
+
+    return out;
+  }
+
+  return Path(*this);
 }
 
 std::string Path::Basename() const {
-  if (paths_.size())
-    return paths_.back();
-  return std::string();
-}
+  if (IsRoot())
+    return std::string(path_);
 
-std::string Path::Join() const {
-  return Range(paths_, 0, paths_.size());
-}
+  const char* last_slash = strrchr(path_, '/');
+  if (last_slash)
+    return std::string(last_slash + 1, path_ + len_ - (last_slash + 1));
 
-std::string Path::Range(size_t start, size_t end) const {
-  return Range(paths_, start, end);
+  return std::string(path_);
 }
 
-StringArray_t Path::Split() const {
-  return paths_;
+std::string Path::Join() const {
+  return std::string(path_);
 }
 
-// static
-StringArray_t Path::Normalize(const StringArray_t& paths) {
-  StringArray_t path_out;
-
-  for (size_t index = 0; index < paths.size(); index++) {
-    const std::string& curr = paths[index];
-
-    // Check if '/' was used excessively in the path.
-    // For example, in cd Desktop/////
-    if (curr == "/" && index != 0)
-      continue;
+std::string Path::Range(size_t start, size_t end) const {
+  assert(start <= end);
 
-    // Check for '.' in the path and remove it
-    if (curr == ".")
-      continue;
+  const char* pstart = &path_[0];
+  const char* pend = &path_[len_];
 
-    // Check for '..'
-    if (curr == "..") {
-      // If the path is empty, or "..", then add ".."
-      if (path_out.empty() || path_out.back() == "..") {
-        path_out.push_back(curr);
-        continue;
-      }
+  if (IsAbsolute() && start == 0 && end == 1)
+    return std::string("/");
 
-      // If the path is at root, "/.." = "/"
-      if (path_out.back() == "/") {
-        continue;
-      }
+  size_t slashes = 0;
+  for (const char* p = &path_[0]; *p; p++) {
+    if (*p == '/') {
+      ++slashes;
+      if (slashes == start)
+        pstart = p + 1;
 
-      // if we are already at root, then stay there (root/.. -> root)
-      if (path_out.back() == "/") {
-        continue;
+      if (slashes == end) {
+        pend = p;
+        break;
       }
-
-      // otherwise, pop off the top path component
-      path_out.pop_back();
-      continue;
     }
-
-    // By now, we should have handled end cases so just append.
-    path_out.push_back(curr);
   }
 
-  // If the path was valid, but now it's empty, return self
-  if (path_out.empty())
-    path_out.push_back(".");
-
-  return path_out;
-}
+  if (pstart > pend)
+    return std::string();
 
-// static
-std::string Path::Join(const StringArray_t& paths) {
-  return Range(paths, 0, paths.size());
+  return std::string(pstart, pend - pstart);
 }
 
-// static
-std::string Path::Range(const StringArray_t& paths, size_t start, size_t end) {
-  std::string out_path;
-  size_t index = start;
-
-  if (end > paths.size())
-    end = paths.size();
+void Path::Normalize() {
+  char* outp = &path_[0];
+  const char* start = outp;
+  const char* part_start = start;
+  const char* next_slash;
+  bool is_absolute = false;
 
-  // If this is an absolute path, paths[0] == "/". In this case, we don't want
-  // to add an additional / separator.
-  if (start == 0 && end > 0 && paths[0] == "/") {
-    out_path += "/";
-    index++;
+  if (IsAbsolute()) {
+    // Absolute path. Append the slash, then continue the algorithm as if the
+    // path were relative.
+    start++;
+    outp++;
+    part_start++;
+    is_absolute = true;
   }
 
-  for (; index < end; index++) {
-    out_path += paths[index];
-    if (index < end - 1)
-      out_path += "/";
-  }
+  do {
+    next_slash = strchr(part_start, '/');
+    const char* part_end = next_slash;
+    if (!part_end)
+      part_end = part_start + strlen(part_start);
+
+    size_t part_len = part_end - part_start;
+
+    bool should_append = true;
+    if (part_len == 0) {
+      // Don't append if the part is empty.
+      should_append = false;
+    } else if (part_len == 1 && part_start[0] == '.') {
+      // Don't append "."
+      should_append = false;
+    } else if (part_len == 2 && part_start[0] == '.' && part_start[1] == '.') {
+      // If part is "..", only append if the output is empty or already has
+      // ".." at the end.
+      if (outp == start ||
+          (outp - start >= 2 && outp[-1] == '.' && outp[-2] == '.')) {
+        should_append = !is_absolute;
+      } else {
+        should_append = false;
+        // Move outp backward to the one past the previous slash, or to the
+        // beginning of the string. Unless outp == start, outp[-1] is a '/'.
+        if (outp > start)
+          --outp;
+        while (outp > start && outp[0] != '/')
+          --outp;
+      }
+    }
 
-  return out_path;
-}
+    if (should_append) {
+      // Append [part_start, part_end) to outp.
+      if (outp != start) {
+        // Append slash to separate from previous path.
+        *outp++ = '/';
+      }
 
-// static
-StringArray_t Path::Split(const std::string& path) {
-  StringArray_t path_split;
-  StringArray_t components;
+      // Only need to copy bytes when the pointers are different.
+      if (outp != part_start) {
+        memmove(outp, part_start, part_len);
+      }
 
-  sdk_util::SplitString(path, '/', &path_split);
+      outp += part_len;
+    }
 
-  if (path[0] == '/')
-    components.push_back("/");
+    part_start = next_slash + 1;
+  } while (next_slash);
 
-  // Copy path_split to components, removing empty path segments.
-  for (StringArray_t::const_iterator it = path_split.begin();
-       it != path_split.end();
-       ++it) {
-    if (!it->empty())
-      components.push_back(*it);
+  // Return '.' instead of an empty path.
+  if (outp == start && !is_absolute) {
+    *outp++ = '.';
   }
-  return components;
+
+  *outp = 0;
+  len_ = outp - &path_[0];
 }
 
 Path& Path::operator=(const Path& p) {
-  paths_ = p.paths_;
+  len_ = p.len_;
+  strcpy(path_, p.path_);
   return *this;
 }
 
@@ -205,4 +261,12 @@ Path& Path::operator=(const std::string& p) {
   return Set(p);
 }
 
+bool Path::operator==(const Path& other) {
+  return len_ == other.len_ && strncmp(path_, other.path_, len_) == 0;
+}
+
+bool Path::operator!=(const Path& other) {
+  return !operator==(other);
+}
+
 }  // namespace nacl_io
diff --git a/native_client_sdk/src/libraries/nacl_io/path.h b/native_client_sdk/src/libraries/nacl_io/path.h
index ff90113..737e8f1 100644
--- a/native_client_sdk/src/libraries/nacl_io/path.h
+++ b/native_client_sdk/src/libraries/nacl_io/path.h
@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@
 #ifndef LIBRARIES_NACL_IO_PATH_H_
 #define LIBRARIES_NACL_IO_PATH_H_
 
+#include <limits.h>
+
 #include <string>
 #include <vector>
 
@@ -12,16 +14,10 @@
 
 namespace nacl_io {
 
-typedef std::vector<std::string> StringArray_t;
-
 class Path {
  public:
-  Path() {}
+  Path();
   Path(const Path& path);
-
-  // This constructor splits path by '/' as a starting point for this Path.
-  // If the path begins with the character '/', the path is considered
-  // to be absolute.
   explicit Path(const std::string& path);
 
   // Return true of the first path item is '/'.
@@ -31,7 +27,7 @@ class Path {
   bool IsRoot() const;
 
   // Return a part of the path
-  const std::string& Part(size_t index) const;
+  std::string Part(size_t index) const;
 
   // Return the number of path parts
   size_t Size() const;
@@ -41,7 +37,6 @@ class Path {
   Path& Append(const std::string& path);
   Path& Set(const std::string& path);
   Path& MakeRelative();
-  Path& Set(const StringArray_t path);
 
   // Return the parent path.
   Path Parent() const;
@@ -49,26 +44,19 @@ class Path {
 
   std::string Join() const;
   std::string Range(size_t start, size_t end) const;
-  StringArray_t Split() const;
 
-  // Collapse the string list removing extraneous '.', '..' path components
-  static StringArray_t Normalize(const StringArray_t& paths);
-  static std::string Join(const StringArray_t& paths);
-  static std::string Range(const StringArray_t& paths,
-                           size_t start,
-                           size_t end);
-  static StringArray_t Split(const std::string& paths);
   // Operator versions
   Path& operator=(const Path& p);
   Path& operator=(const std::string& str);
-  bool operator==(const Path& other) { return Split() == other.Split(); }
-  bool operator!=(const Path& other) { return !operator==(other); }
+  bool operator==(const Path& other);
+  bool operator!=(const Path& other);
 
  private:
-  // Internal representation of the path stored an array of string representing
-  // the directory traversal.  The first string is a "/" if this is an absolute
-  // path.
-  StringArray_t paths_;
+  // Collapse the string list removing extraneous '.', '..' path components
+  void Normalize();
+
+  size_t len_;
+  char path_[PATH_MAX];
 };
 
 }  // namespace nacl_io
diff --git a/native_client_sdk/src/tests/nacl_io_test/path_test.cc b/native_client_sdk/src/tests/nacl_io_test/path_test.cc
index 9cdaa682..b7b82cc 100644
--- a/native_client_sdk/src/tests/nacl_io_test/path_test.cc
+++ b/native_client_sdk/src/tests/nacl_io_test/path_test.cc
@@ -11,253 +11,217 @@
 
 using namespace nacl_io;
 
-TEST(PathTest, SanityChecks) {
-  // can we construct and delete?
-  Path ph1(".");
-  Path *ph2 = new Path(".");
-  delete ph2;
-
-  Path p1(".");
-  EXPECT_FALSE(p1.IsAbsolute());
-  EXPECT_EQ(".", p1.Join());
-  Path p2("/");
-  EXPECT_TRUE(p2.IsAbsolute());
-  EXPECT_EQ("/", p2.Join());
+TEST(PathTest, Empty) {
+  Path p;
+  EXPECT_FALSE(p.IsAbsolute());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(p.IsRoot());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, p.Size());
+  EXPECT_EQ("", p.Basename());
+  EXPECT_EQ("", p.Join());
+  EXPECT_EQ("", p.Range(0, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ("", p.Parent().Join());
 }
 
-TEST(PathTest, Assignment) {
-  Path empty;
-  Path dot(".");
-  Path root("/");
-  Path abs_str("/abs/from/string");
-  Path rel_str("rel/from/string");
-  Path self_str("./rel/from/string");
-
-  EXPECT_EQ(0, empty.Size());
-  EXPECT_FALSE(empty.IsAbsolute());
-  EXPECT_EQ("", empty.Join());
-
-  EXPECT_EQ(1, dot.Size());
-  EXPECT_FALSE(dot.IsAbsolute());
-  EXPECT_EQ(".", dot.Join());
-
-  EXPECT_EQ(1, root.Size());
-  EXPECT_TRUE(root.IsAbsolute());
-  EXPECT_EQ("/", root.Join());
-
-  EXPECT_EQ(4, abs_str.Size());
-  EXPECT_TRUE(abs_str.IsAbsolute());
-  EXPECT_EQ("/abs/from/string", abs_str.Join());
-
-  EXPECT_EQ(3, rel_str.Size());
-  EXPECT_FALSE(rel_str.IsAbsolute());
-  EXPECT_EQ("rel/from/string", rel_str.Join());
-
-  EXPECT_EQ(3, self_str.Size());
-  EXPECT_FALSE(self_str.IsAbsolute());
-  EXPECT_EQ("rel/from/string", self_str.Join());
-
-  empty = "";
-  dot = ".";
-  root = "/";
-  abs_str = "/abs/from/assign";
-  rel_str = "rel/from/assign";
-  self_str = "./rel/from/assign";
-
-  EXPECT_EQ(1, empty.Size());
-  EXPECT_FALSE(empty.IsAbsolute());
-  EXPECT_EQ(".", empty.Join());
-
-  EXPECT_EQ(1, dot.Size());
-  EXPECT_FALSE(dot.IsAbsolute());
-  EXPECT_EQ(".", dot.Join());
-
-  EXPECT_EQ(1, root.Size());
-  EXPECT_TRUE(root.IsAbsolute());
-  EXPECT_EQ("/", root.Join());
-
-  EXPECT_EQ(4, abs_str.Size());
-  EXPECT_TRUE(abs_str.IsAbsolute());
-  EXPECT_EQ("/abs/from/assign", abs_str.Join());
-
-  EXPECT_EQ(3, rel_str.Size());
-  EXPECT_FALSE(rel_str.IsAbsolute());
-  EXPECT_EQ("rel/from/assign", rel_str.Join());
-
-  EXPECT_EQ(3, self_str.Size());
-  EXPECT_FALSE(self_str.IsAbsolute());
-  EXPECT_EQ("rel/from/assign", self_str.Join());
-
-  Path cpy_str;
-  cpy_str = empty;
-  EXPECT_EQ(1, cpy_str.Size());
-  EXPECT_FALSE(cpy_str.IsAbsolute());
-  EXPECT_EQ(".", cpy_str.Join());
-
-  cpy_str = dot;
-  EXPECT_EQ(1, cpy_str.Size());
-  EXPECT_FALSE(cpy_str.IsAbsolute());
-  EXPECT_EQ(".", cpy_str.Join());
-
-  cpy_str = root;
-  EXPECT_EQ(1, cpy_str.Size());
-  EXPECT_TRUE(cpy_str.IsAbsolute());
-  EXPECT_EQ("/", cpy_str.Join());
-
-  cpy_str = abs_str;
-  EXPECT_EQ(4, cpy_str.Size());
-  EXPECT_TRUE(cpy_str.IsAbsolute());
-  EXPECT_EQ("/abs/from/assign", cpy_str.Join());
-
-  cpy_str = rel_str;
-  EXPECT_EQ(3, cpy_str.Size());
-  EXPECT_FALSE(cpy_str.IsAbsolute());
-  EXPECT_EQ("rel/from/assign", cpy_str.Join());
-
-  cpy_str = self_str;
-  EXPECT_EQ(3, cpy_str.Size());
-  EXPECT_FALSE(cpy_str.IsAbsolute());
-  EXPECT_EQ("rel/from/assign", cpy_str.Join());
+TEST(PathTest, Dot) {
+  Path p(".");
+  EXPECT_FALSE(p.IsAbsolute());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(p.IsRoot());
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, p.Size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(".", p.Part(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(".", p.Basename());
+  EXPECT_EQ(".", p.Join());
+  EXPECT_EQ(".", p.Range(0, 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(".", p.Parent().Join());  // TODO(binji): this is unexpected.
 }
 
+TEST(PathTest, Root) {
+  Path p("/");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(p.IsAbsolute());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(p.IsRoot());
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, p.Size());
+  EXPECT_EQ("/", p.Part(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ("/", p.Basename());
+  EXPECT_EQ("/", p.Join());
+  EXPECT_EQ("/", p.Range(0, 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ("/", p.Parent().Join());
+}
 
-TEST(PathTest, Collapse) {
-  StringArray_t path_components;
-
-  Path p1("/simple/splitter/test");
-  path_components = p1.Split();
-  EXPECT_EQ("/", path_components[0]);
-  EXPECT_EQ("/", p1.Part(0));
-
-  EXPECT_EQ("simple", path_components[1]);
-  EXPECT_EQ("simple", p1.Part(1));
-
-  EXPECT_EQ("splitter",path_components[2]);
-  EXPECT_EQ("splitter",p1.Part(2));
-
-  EXPECT_EQ("test", path_components[3]);
-  EXPECT_EQ("test", p1.Part(3));
-
-  Path p2("///simple//splitter///test/");
-  path_components = p2.Split();
-  EXPECT_EQ(4, static_cast<int>(path_components.size()));
-  EXPECT_EQ(4, static_cast<int>(p2.Size()));
-  EXPECT_EQ("/", path_components[0]);
-  EXPECT_EQ("simple", path_components[1]);
-  EXPECT_EQ("splitter", path_components[2]);
-  EXPECT_EQ("test", path_components[3]);
-
-  Path p3("sim/ple//spli/tter/te/st/");
-  path_components = p3.Split();
-  EXPECT_EQ(6, static_cast<int>(path_components.size()));
-  EXPECT_FALSE(p3.IsAbsolute());
-  EXPECT_EQ("sim", path_components[0]);
-  EXPECT_EQ("ple", path_components[1]);
-  EXPECT_EQ("spli", path_components[2]);
-  EXPECT_EQ("tter", path_components[3]);
-  EXPECT_EQ("te", path_components[4]);
-  EXPECT_EQ("st", path_components[5]);
-
-  Path p4("");
-  path_components = p4.Split();
-  EXPECT_EQ(1, static_cast<int>(path_components.size()));
-
-  Path p5("/");
-  path_components = p5.Split();
-  EXPECT_EQ(1, static_cast<int>(path_components.size()));
+TEST(PathTest, OnePart_Relative) {
+  Path p("foo");
+  EXPECT_FALSE(p.IsAbsolute());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(p.IsRoot());
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, p.Size());
+  EXPECT_EQ("foo", p.Part(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ("foo", p.Basename());
+  EXPECT_EQ("foo", p.Join());
+  EXPECT_EQ("foo", p.Range(0, 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ("foo", p.Parent().Join());
 }
 
-TEST(PathTest, AppendAndJoin) {
-  Path ph1("/usr/local/hi/there");
-
-  EXPECT_EQ("/usr/local/hi/there", ph1.Join());
-  ph1 = ph1.Append("..");
-  EXPECT_EQ("/usr/local/hi", ph1.Join());
-  ph1 = ph1.Append(".././././hi/there/../.././././");
-  EXPECT_EQ("/usr/local", ph1.Join());
-  ph1 = ph1.Append("../../../../../../../../././../");
-  EXPECT_EQ("/", ph1.Join());
-  ph1 = ph1.Append("usr/lib/../bin/.././etc/../local/../share");
-  EXPECT_EQ("/usr/share", ph1.Join());
-
-  Path ph2("./");
-  EXPECT_EQ(".", ph2.Join());
-
-  Path ph3("/");
-  EXPECT_EQ("/", ph3.Join());
-  ph3 = ph3.Append("");
-  EXPECT_EQ("/", ph3.Join());
-  ph3 = ph3.Append("USR/local/SHARE");
-  EXPECT_EQ("/USR/local/SHARE", ph3.Join());
-
-  Path ph4("..");
-  EXPECT_EQ("..", ph4.Join());
-  ph4 = ph4.Append("node1/node3/../../node1/./");
-  EXPECT_EQ("../node1", ph4.Join());
-  ph4 = ph4.Append("node4/../../node1/./node5");
-  EXPECT_EQ("../node1/node5", ph4.Join());
+TEST(PathTest, OnePart_Absolute) {
+  Path p("/foo");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(p.IsAbsolute());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(p.IsRoot());
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, p.Size());
+  EXPECT_EQ("/", p.Part(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ("foo", p.Part(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ("foo", p.Basename());
+  EXPECT_EQ("/foo", p.Join());
+  EXPECT_EQ("/", p.Range(0, 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ("foo", p.Range(1, 2));
+  EXPECT_EQ("/foo", p.Range(0, 2));
+  EXPECT_EQ("/", p.Parent().Join());
 }
 
-TEST(PathTest, AppendAbsolute) {
-  Path path("/usr/local");
-  path.Append("/foo");
-  EXPECT_EQ("/foo", path.Join());
+TEST(PathTest, TwoPart_Relative) {
+  Path p("foo/bar");
+  EXPECT_FALSE(p.IsAbsolute());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(p.IsRoot());
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, p.Size());
+  EXPECT_EQ("foo", p.Part(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ("bar", p.Part(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ("bar", p.Basename());
+  EXPECT_EQ("foo/bar", p.Join());
+  EXPECT_EQ("foo", p.Range(0, 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ("bar", p.Range(1, 2));
+  EXPECT_EQ("foo/bar", p.Range(0, 2));
+  EXPECT_EQ("foo", p.Parent().Join());
 }
 
-TEST(PathTest, Invalid) {
-  Path absolute("/usr/local");
-  Path current("./usr/local");
-  Path relative("usr/local");
+TEST(PathTest, MakeRelative) {
+  EXPECT_EQ("", Path("/").MakeRelative().Join());
+  EXPECT_EQ("foo/bar/baz", Path("/foo/bar/baz").MakeRelative().Join());
+  EXPECT_EQ("foo/bar/baz", Path("foo/bar/baz").MakeRelative().Join());
+}
 
-  Path test;
+TEST(PathTest, Normalize_EmptyComponent) {
+  EXPECT_EQ("foo/bar", Path("foo//bar").Join());
+  EXPECT_EQ("/blah", Path("//blah").Join());
+  EXPECT_EQ("/a/b/c", Path("//a//b//c").Join());
+  EXPECT_EQ("path/to/dir", Path("path/to/dir/").Join());
+}
 
-  test = absolute;
-  test.Append("../..");
-  EXPECT_EQ("/", test.Join());
+TEST(PathTest, Normalize_Dot) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(".", Path(".").Join());
+  EXPECT_EQ("foo", Path("foo/.").Join());
+  EXPECT_EQ("foo/bar", Path("foo/./bar").Join());
+  EXPECT_EQ("blah", Path("./blah").Join());
+  EXPECT_EQ("stuff", Path("stuff/./.").Join());
+  EXPECT_EQ("/", Path("/.").Join());
+}
 
-  test = absolute;
-  test.Append("../../..");
-  EXPECT_EQ("/", test.Join());
+TEST(PathTest, Normalize_DotDot_Relative) {
+  EXPECT_EQ("..", Path("..").Join());
+  EXPECT_EQ("../..", Path("../..").Join());
+  EXPECT_EQ(".", Path("foo/..").Join());
+  EXPECT_EQ("foo", Path("foo/bar/..").Join());
+  EXPECT_EQ("bar", Path("foo/../bar").Join());
+  EXPECT_EQ("foo/baz", Path("foo/bar/../baz").Join());
+}
 
-  test = absolute;
-  test.Append("../../../foo");
-  EXPECT_EQ("/foo", test.Join());
+TEST(PathTest, Normalize_DotDot_Absolute) {
+  EXPECT_EQ("/", Path("/..").Join());
+  EXPECT_EQ("/", Path("/../..").Join());
+  EXPECT_EQ("/", Path("/foo/..").Join());
+  EXPECT_EQ("/foo", Path("/foo/bar/..").Join());
+  EXPECT_EQ("/bar", Path("/foo/../bar").Join());
+  EXPECT_EQ("/foo/baz", Path("/foo/bar/../baz").Join());
+}
+
+TEST(PathTest, Append) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(".", Path("").Append(Path("")).Join());
+  EXPECT_EQ("foo", Path("").Append(Path("foo")).Join());
+  EXPECT_EQ(".", Path(".").Append(Path("")).Join());
+  EXPECT_EQ("foo", Path(".").Append(Path("foo")).Join());
+  EXPECT_EQ("foo/bar", Path(".").Append(Path("foo/bar")).Join());
+  EXPECT_EQ("foo", Path("foo").Append(Path("")).Join());
+  EXPECT_EQ("foo/bar", Path("foo").Append(Path("bar")).Join());
+  EXPECT_EQ("foo/bar/quux", Path("foo").Append(Path("bar/quux")).Join());
+  EXPECT_EQ("foo/and", Path("foo/and/more").Append(Path("..")).Join());
+}
 
-  test = current;
-  test.Append("../..");
-  EXPECT_EQ(".", test.Join());
+TEST(PathTest, Append_Absolute) {
+  EXPECT_EQ("/", Path("").Append(Path("/")).Join());
+  EXPECT_EQ("/hello/world", Path("").Append(Path("/hello/world")).Join());
+  EXPECT_EQ("/", Path(".").Append(Path("/")).Join());
+  EXPECT_EQ("/goodbye", Path(".").Append(Path("/goodbye")).Join());
+  EXPECT_EQ("/foo/bar/baz", Path("/a/b").Append(Path("/foo/bar/baz")).Join());
+}
 
-  test = current;
-  test.Append("../../..");
-  EXPECT_EQ("..", test.Join());
+TEST(PathTest, Append_Overflow) {
+  std::string big(PATH_MAX - 5, 'A');
+  Path p(big.c_str());
+  p.Append(Path("0123456789"));
+
+  std::string part(p.Join());
+  EXPECT_EQ(PATH_MAX - 1, part.size());
+}
+
+TEST(PathTest, Set) {
+  Path p("/random/path");
+  EXPECT_EQ("something/else", p.Set("something/else").Join());
+  // Set should change p, not just return a copy.
+  EXPECT_EQ("something/else", p.Join());
+}
+
+TEST(PathTest, Set_Overflow) {
+  std::string big(PATH_MAX * 2, 'A');
+  Path p(big.c_str());
+  EXPECT_EQ(PATH_MAX - 1, p.Part(0).size());
+}
+
+TEST(PathTest, Range_Empty) {
+  EXPECT_EQ("", Path("/").Range(1, 1));
+}
 
-  test = current;
-  test.Append("../../../foo");
-  EXPECT_EQ("../foo", test.Join());
+TEST(PathTest, Range_Relative) {
+  Path p("a/relative/path");
 
-  test = relative;
-  test.Append("../..");
-  EXPECT_EQ(".", test.Join());
+  EXPECT_EQ("a", p.Range(0, 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ("a/relative", p.Range(0, 2));
+  EXPECT_EQ("a/relative/path", p.Range(0, 3));
 
-  test = relative;
-  test.Append("../../..");
-  EXPECT_EQ("..", test.Join());
+  EXPECT_EQ("relative", p.Range(1, 2));
+  EXPECT_EQ("relative/path", p.Range(1, 3));
 
-  test = relative;
-  test.Append("../../../foo");
-  EXPECT_EQ("../foo", test.Join());
+  EXPECT_EQ("path", p.Range(2, 3));
 }
 
-TEST(PathTest, Range) {
+TEST(PathTest, Range_Absolute) {
   Path p("/an/absolute/path");
 
-  // p's parts should be ["/", "an", "absolute", "path"].
+  EXPECT_EQ("/", p.Range(0, 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ("/an", p.Range(0, 2));
+  EXPECT_EQ("/an/absolute", p.Range(0, 3));
   EXPECT_EQ("/an/absolute/path", p.Range(0, 4));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ("an", p.Range(1, 2));
+  EXPECT_EQ("an/absolute", p.Range(1, 3));
   EXPECT_EQ("an/absolute/path", p.Range(1, 4));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ("absolute", p.Range(2, 3));
   EXPECT_EQ("absolute/path", p.Range(2, 4));
+
   EXPECT_EQ("path", p.Range(3, 4));
+}
 
-  EXPECT_EQ("/an/absolute", p.Range(0, 3));
-  EXPECT_EQ("an/absolute", p.Range(1, 3));
-  EXPECT_EQ("absolute", p.Range(2, 3));
+TEST(PathTest, Assign) {
+  Path p;
+
+  p = "foo/bar";
+  EXPECT_EQ("foo/bar", p.Join());
+
+  // Should normalize.
+  p = "/foo/../bar";
+  EXPECT_EQ("/bar", p.Join());
+
+  p = Path("hi/planet");
+  EXPECT_EQ("hi/planet", p.Join());
+}
+
+TEST(PathTest, Equals) {
+  EXPECT_TRUE(Path("/foo") == Path("/foo"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(Path("foo/../bar") == Path("bar"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(Path("one/path") != Path("another/path"));
 }
+