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// Copyright (c) 2012 The Chromium Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
// found in the LICENSE file.
#include "media/filters/audio_renderer_algorithm.h"
#include <algorithm>
#include <cmath>
#include "base/logging.h"
#include "media/base/audio_bus.h"
#include "media/base/limits.h"
#include "media/filters/wsola_internals.h"
namespace media {
// Waveform Similarity Overlap-and-add (WSOLA).
//
// One WSOLA iteration
//
// 1) Extract |target_block_| as input frames at indices
// [|target_block_index_|, |target_block_index_| + |ola_window_size_|).
// Note that |target_block_| is the "natural" continuation of the output.
//
// 2) Extract |search_block_| as input frames at indices
// [|search_block_index_|,
// |search_block_index_| + |num_candidate_blocks_| + |ola_window_size_|).
//
// 3) Find a block within the |search_block_| that is most similar
// to |target_block_|. Let |optimal_index| be the index of such block and
// write it to |optimal_block_|.
//
// 4) Update:
// |optimal_block_| = |transition_window_| * |target_block_| +
// (1 - |transition_window_|) * |optimal_block_|.
//
// 5) Overlap-and-add |optimal_block_| to the |wsola_output_|.
//
// 6) Update:
// |target_block_| = |optimal_index| + |ola_window_size_| / 2.
// |output_index_| = |output_index_| + |ola_window_size_| / 2,
// |search_block_center_offset_| = |output_index_| * |playback_rate|, and
// |search_block_index_| = |search_block_center_offset_| -
// |search_block_center_offset_|.
// Max/min supported playback rates for fast/slow audio. Audio outside of these
// ranges are muted.
// Audio at these speeds would sound better under a frequency domain algorithm.
static const double kMinPlaybackRate = 0.5;
static const double kMaxPlaybackRate = 4.0;
// Overlap-and-add window size in milliseconds.
static const int kOlaWindowSizeMs = 20;
// Size of search interval in milliseconds. The search interval is
// [-delta delta] around |output_index_| * |playback_rate|. So the search
// interval is 2 * delta.
static const int kWsolaSearchIntervalMs = 30;
// The maximum size in seconds for the |audio_buffer_|. Arbitrarily determined.
static const int kMaxCapacityInSeconds = 3;
// The minimum size in ms for the |audio_buffer_|. Arbitrarily determined.
static const int kStartingCapacityInMs = 200;
AudioRendererAlgorithm::AudioRendererAlgorithm()
: channels_(0),
samples_per_second_(0),
muted_partial_frame_(0),
capacity_(0),
output_time_(0.0),
search_block_center_offset_(0),
search_block_index_(0),
num_candidate_blocks_(0),
target_block_index_(0),
ola_window_size_(0),
ola_hop_size_(0),
num_complete_frames_(0) {
}
AudioRendererAlgorithm::~AudioRendererAlgorithm() {}
void AudioRendererAlgorithm::Initialize(const AudioParameters& params) {
CHECK(params.IsValid());
channels_ = params.channels();
samples_per_second_ = params.sample_rate();
capacity_ = ConvertMillisecondsToFrames(kStartingCapacityInMs);
num_candidate_blocks_ = ConvertMillisecondsToFrames(kWsolaSearchIntervalMs);
ola_window_size_ = ConvertMillisecondsToFrames(kOlaWindowSizeMs);
// Make sure window size in an even number.
ola_window_size_ += ola_window_size_ & 1;
ola_hop_size_ = ola_window_size_ / 2;
// |num_candidate_blocks_| / 2 is the offset of the center of the search
// block to the center of the first (left most) candidate block. The offset
// of the center of a candidate block to its left most point is
// |ola_window_size_| / 2 - 1. Note that |ola_window_size_| is even and in
// our convention the center belongs to the left half, so we need to subtract
// one frame to get the correct offset.
//
// Search Block
// <------------------------------------------->
//
// |ola_window_size_| / 2 - 1
// <----
//
// |num_candidate_blocks_| / 2
// <----------------
// center
// X----X----------------X---------------X-----X
// <----------> <---------->
// Candidate ... Candidate
// 1, ... |num_candidate_blocks_|
search_block_center_offset_ = num_candidate_blocks_ / 2 +
(ola_window_size_ / 2 - 1);
ola_window_.reset(new float[ola_window_size_]);
internal::GetSymmetricHanningWindow(ola_window_size_, ola_window_.get());
transition_window_.reset(new float[ola_window_size_ * 2]);
internal::GetSymmetricHanningWindow(2 * ola_window_size_,
transition_window_.get());
wsola_output_ = AudioBus::Create(channels_, ola_window_size_ + ola_hop_size_);
wsola_output_->Zero(); // Initialize for overlap-and-add of the first block.
// Auxiliary containers.
optimal_block_ = AudioBus::Create(channels_, ola_window_size_);
search_block_ = AudioBus::Create(
channels_, num_candidate_blocks_ + (ola_window_size_ - 1));
target_block_ = AudioBus::Create(channels_, ola_window_size_);
}
int AudioRendererAlgorithm::FillBuffer(AudioBus* dest,
int dest_offset,
int requested_frames,
double playback_rate) {
if (playback_rate == 0)
return 0;
DCHECK_EQ(channels_, dest->channels());
// Optimize the muted case to issue a single clear instead of performing
// the full crossfade and clearing each crossfaded frame.
if (playback_rate < kMinPlaybackRate || playback_rate > kMaxPlaybackRate) {
int frames_to_render =
std::min(static_cast<int>(audio_buffer_.frames() / playback_rate),
requested_frames);
// Compute accurate number of frames to actually skip in the source data.
// Includes the leftover partial frame from last request. However, we can
// only skip over complete frames, so a partial frame may remain for next
// time.
muted_partial_frame_ += frames_to_render * playback_rate;
int seek_frames = static_cast<int>(muted_partial_frame_);
dest->ZeroFramesPartial(dest_offset, frames_to_render);
audio_buffer_.SeekFrames(seek_frames);
// Determine the partial frame that remains to be skipped for next call. If
// the user switches back to playing, it may be off time by this partial
// frame, which would be undetectable. If they subsequently switch to
// another playback rate that mutes, the code will attempt to line up the
// frames again.
muted_partial_frame_ -= seek_frames;
return frames_to_render;
}
int slower_step = ceil(ola_window_size_ * playback_rate);
int faster_step = ceil(ola_window_size_ / playback_rate);
// Optimize the most common |playback_rate| ~= 1 case to use a single copy
// instead of copying frame by frame.
if (ola_window_size_ <= faster_step && slower_step >= ola_window_size_) {
const int frames_to_copy =
std::min(audio_buffer_.frames(), requested_frames);
const int frames_read =
audio_buffer_.ReadFrames(frames_to_copy, dest_offset, dest);
DCHECK_EQ(frames_read, frames_to_copy);
return frames_read;
}
int rendered_frames = 0;
do {
rendered_frames +=
WriteCompletedFramesTo(requested_frames - rendered_frames,
dest_offset + rendered_frames, dest);
} while (rendered_frames < requested_frames &&
RunOneWsolaIteration(playback_rate));
return rendered_frames;
}
void AudioRendererAlgorithm::FlushBuffers() {
// Clear the queue of decoded packets (releasing the buffers).
audio_buffer_.Clear();
output_time_ = 0.0;
search_block_index_ = 0;
target_block_index_ = 0;
wsola_output_->Zero();
num_complete_frames_ = 0;
// Reset |capacity_| so growth triggered by underflows doesn't penalize seek
// time.
capacity_ = ConvertMillisecondsToFrames(kStartingCapacityInMs);
}
void AudioRendererAlgorithm::EnqueueBuffer(
const scoped_refptr<AudioBuffer>& buffer_in) {
DCHECK(!buffer_in->end_of_stream());
audio_buffer_.Append(buffer_in);
}
bool AudioRendererAlgorithm::IsQueueFull() {
return audio_buffer_.frames() >= capacity_;
}
void AudioRendererAlgorithm::IncreaseQueueCapacity() {
int max_capacity = kMaxCapacityInSeconds * samples_per_second_;
DCHECK_LE(capacity_, max_capacity);
capacity_ = std::min(2 * capacity_, max_capacity);
}
bool AudioRendererAlgorithm::CanPerformWsola() const {
const int search_block_size = num_candidate_blocks_ + (ola_window_size_ - 1);
const int frames = audio_buffer_.frames();
return target_block_index_ + ola_window_size_ <= frames &&
search_block_index_ + search_block_size <= frames;
}
int AudioRendererAlgorithm::ConvertMillisecondsToFrames(int ms) const {
return ms * (samples_per_second_ /
static_cast<double>(base::Time::kMillisecondsPerSecond));
}
bool AudioRendererAlgorithm::RunOneWsolaIteration(double playback_rate) {
if (!CanPerformWsola())
return false;
GetOptimalBlock();
// Overlap-and-add.
for (int k = 0; k < channels_; ++k) {
const float* const ch_opt_frame = optimal_block_->channel(k);
float* ch_output = wsola_output_->channel(k) + num_complete_frames_;
for (int n = 0; n < ola_hop_size_; ++n) {
ch_output[n] = ch_output[n] * ola_window_[ola_hop_size_ + n] +
ch_opt_frame[n] * ola_window_[n];
}
// Copy the second half to the output.
memcpy(&ch_output[ola_hop_size_], &ch_opt_frame[ola_hop_size_],
sizeof(*ch_opt_frame) * ola_hop_size_);
}
num_complete_frames_ += ola_hop_size_;
UpdateOutputTime(playback_rate, ola_hop_size_);
RemoveOldInputFrames(playback_rate);
return true;
}
void AudioRendererAlgorithm::UpdateOutputTime(double playback_rate,
double time_change) {
output_time_ += time_change;
// Center of the search region, in frames.
const int search_block_center_index = static_cast<int>(
output_time_ * playback_rate + 0.5);
search_block_index_ = search_block_center_index - search_block_center_offset_;
}
void AudioRendererAlgorithm::RemoveOldInputFrames(double playback_rate) {
const int earliest_used_index = std::min(target_block_index_,
search_block_index_);
if (earliest_used_index <= 0)
return; // Nothing to remove.
// Remove frames from input and adjust indices accordingly.
audio_buffer_.SeekFrames(earliest_used_index);
target_block_index_ -= earliest_used_index;
// Adjust output index.
double output_time_change = static_cast<double>(earliest_used_index) /
playback_rate;
CHECK_GE(output_time_, output_time_change);
UpdateOutputTime(playback_rate, -output_time_change);
}
int AudioRendererAlgorithm::WriteCompletedFramesTo(
int requested_frames, int dest_offset, AudioBus* dest) {
int rendered_frames = std::min(num_complete_frames_, requested_frames);
if (rendered_frames == 0)
return 0; // There is nothing to read from |wsola_output_|, return.
wsola_output_->CopyPartialFramesTo(0, rendered_frames, dest_offset, dest);
// Remove the frames which are read.
int frames_to_move = wsola_output_->frames() - rendered_frames;
for (int k = 0; k < channels_; ++k) {
float* ch = wsola_output_->channel(k);
memmove(ch, &ch[rendered_frames], sizeof(*ch) * frames_to_move);
}
num_complete_frames_ -= rendered_frames;
return rendered_frames;
}
bool AudioRendererAlgorithm::TargetIsWithinSearchRegion() const {
const int search_block_size = num_candidate_blocks_ + (ola_window_size_ - 1);
return target_block_index_ >= search_block_index_ &&
target_block_index_ + ola_window_size_ <=
search_block_index_ + search_block_size;
}
void AudioRendererAlgorithm::GetOptimalBlock() {
int optimal_index = 0;
// An interval around last optimal block which is excluded from the search.
// This is to reduce the buzzy sound. The number 160 is rather arbitrary and
// derived heuristically.
const int kExcludeIntervalLengthFrames = 160;
if (TargetIsWithinSearchRegion()) {
optimal_index = target_block_index_;
PeekAudioWithZeroPrepend(optimal_index, optimal_block_.get());
} else {
PeekAudioWithZeroPrepend(target_block_index_, target_block_.get());
PeekAudioWithZeroPrepend(search_block_index_, search_block_.get());
int last_optimal = target_block_index_ - ola_hop_size_ -
search_block_index_;
internal::Interval exclude_iterval = std::make_pair(
last_optimal - kExcludeIntervalLengthFrames / 2,
last_optimal + kExcludeIntervalLengthFrames / 2);
// |optimal_index| is in frames and it is relative to the beginning of the
// |search_block_|.
optimal_index = internal::OptimalIndex(
search_block_.get(), target_block_.get(), exclude_iterval);
// Translate |index| w.r.t. the beginning of |audio_buffer_| and extract the
// optimal block.
optimal_index += search_block_index_;
PeekAudioWithZeroPrepend(optimal_index, optimal_block_.get());
// Make a transition from target block to the optimal block if different.
// Target block has the best continuation to the current output.
// Optimal block is the most similar block to the target, however, it might
// introduce some discontinuity when over-lap-added. Therefore, we combine
// them for a smoother transition. The length of transition window is twice
// as that of the optimal-block which makes it like a weighting function
// where target-block has higher weight close to zero (weight of 1 at index
// 0) and lower weight close the end.
for (int k = 0; k < channels_; ++k) {
float* ch_opt = optimal_block_->channel(k);
const float* const ch_target = target_block_->channel(k);
for (int n = 0; n < ola_window_size_; ++n) {
ch_opt[n] = ch_opt[n] * transition_window_[n] + ch_target[n] *
transition_window_[ola_window_size_ + n];
}
}
}
// Next target is one hop ahead of the current optimal.
target_block_index_ = optimal_index + ola_hop_size_;
}
void AudioRendererAlgorithm::PeekAudioWithZeroPrepend(
int read_offset_frames, AudioBus* dest) {
CHECK_LE(read_offset_frames + dest->frames(), audio_buffer_.frames());
int write_offset = 0;
int num_frames_to_read = dest->frames();
if (read_offset_frames < 0) {
int num_zero_frames_appended = std::min(-read_offset_frames,
num_frames_to_read);
read_offset_frames = 0;
num_frames_to_read -= num_zero_frames_appended;
write_offset = num_zero_frames_appended;
dest->ZeroFrames(num_zero_frames_appended);
}
audio_buffer_.PeekFrames(num_frames_to_read, read_offset_frames,
write_offset, dest);
}
} // namespace media
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