utils,swi-update: add license in header and use unix EOL

1 files changed, 997 insertions, 982 deletions

diff --git a/utils/swi-update.c b/utils/swi-update.c
index 14e11ec..527bfbc 100644
--- a/utils/swi-update.c
+++ b/utils/swi-update.c
@@ -1,982 +1,997 @@
-/*

- * Copyright 2016 Bjørn Mork <bjorn@mork.no>

- * 

- * crc16 and hdlc parts:

- *   Copyright (C) 2010 Red Hat, Inc.

- *

- * parts of this is based on gobi-loader, which is

- *

- *  "Copyright 2009 Red Hat <mjg@redhat.com> - heavily based on work done by

- *   Alexander Shumakovitch <shurik@gwu.edu>

- *

- *   Gobi 2000 support provided by Anssi Hannula <anssi.hannula@iki.fi>"

- *

- * GPLv2

- */

-#include <endian.h>

-#include <errno.h>

-#include <fcntl.h>

-#include <getopt.h>

-#include <limits.h>

-#include <linux/types.h>

-#include <malloc.h>

-#include <stdbool.h>

-#include <stdio.h>

-#include <stdlib.h>

-#include <string.h>

-#include <sys/stat.h>

-#include <termios.h>

-#include <unistd.h>

-

-/* FIXME: endianness - this works on LE for now... */

-

-#ifndef VERSION

-  #define VERSION "unknown"

-#endif

-#define DESCRIPTION "swi-update (" VERSION ")"

-

-#ifdef DEBUG

-static bool debug;

-#define debug(arg...) if (debug) fprintf(stderr, arg)

-static void print_packet(const char *pfx, void *buf, int len)

-{

-	int i;

-	unsigned char *p = buf;

-

-	if (!debug)

-		return;

-	fprintf(stderr, "%s: ", pfx);

-	for (i=0; i<len; i++)

-		fprintf(stderr, "%02x ", p[i]);

-	fprintf(stderr, "\n");

-}

-#else

-#define debug(arg...)

-#define print_packet(pfx, buf, len)

-#endif /* DEBUG */

-

-

-#define CHUNK (1024 * 1024)

-static char *buf = NULL;

-

-/** DLOAD protocol **/

-

-/*

- * Most of this is from Josuah Hill's DLOAD tool for iPhone

- * Some spec is also available in document 80-39912-1 Rev. E  DMSS Download Protocol Interface Specification and Operational Description

- * https://github.com/posixninja/DLOADTool/blob/master/dloadtool/dload.h

- *

- * The 0x70 switching command was found by snooping on firmware updates

- */

-

-enum dload_cmd {

-	DLOAD_ACK = 0x02, /* Acknowledge receiving a packet */

-	DLOAD_NOP = 0x06, /* No operation, useful for debugging */

-	DLOAD_SDP = 0x70, /* Switch to Streaming DLOAD */

-};

-

-/* 0x02 - __u8 cmd only */

-/* 0x06 - __u8 cmd only */

-

-struct dload_sdp {

-	__u8 cmd; /* 0x70 */

-	__u16 reserved; /* 0x0000 */

-} __attribute__ ((packed));

-

-static struct dload_sdp dload_sdp = {

-	.cmd = 0x70,

-	.reserved = 0,

-};

-

-/** Streaming DLOAD protocol **/

-

-/* from GobiAPI_1.0.40/Core/QDLEnum.h and

- * GobiAPI_1.0.40/Core/QDLBuffers.h with additional details from USB

- * snooping

- */

-enum qdl_cmd {

-	QDL_CMD_HELLO_REQ	    = 0x01,	/* Hello request */

-	QDL_CMD_HELLO_RSP,			/* Hello response */

-	QDL_CMD_ERROR		    = 0x0d,	/* Error report */

-	QDL_CMD_OPEN_UNFRAMED_REQ   = 0x25, /* Open unframed image write request */

-	QDL_CMD_OPEN_UNFRAMED_RSP,		/* Open unframed image write response */

-	QDL_CMD_WRITE_UNFRAMED_REQ,		/* Unframed image write request */

-	QDL_CMD_WRITE_UNFRAMED_RSP,		/* Unframed image write response */

-	QDL_CMD_SESSION_DONE_REQ,		/* Unframed session done request */

-	QDL_CMD_SESSION_DONE_RSP,		/* Unframed session done response */

-	QDL_CMD_DOWNLOAD_REQ,			/* Switch to download protocol request */

-	QDL_CMD_SESSION_CLOSE_REQ   = 0x2d,	/* Close unframed session request */

-	QDL_CMD_GET_IMAGE_PREF_REQ,		/* Get image preference request */

-	QDL_CMD_GET_IMAGE_PREF_RSP,		/* Get image preference response */

-};

-

-enum qdl_error {

-	QDL_ERROR_01 = 1,            // 01 Reserved

-	QDL_ERROR_BAD_ADDR,          // 02 Invalid destination address

-	QDL_ERROR_BAD_LEN,           // 03 Invalid length

-	QDL_ERROR_BAD_PACKET,        // 04 Unexpected end of packet

-	QDL_ERROR_BAD_CMD,           // 05 Invalid command

-	QDL_ERROR_06,                // 06 Reserved

-	QDL_ERROR_OP_FAILED,         // 07 Operation failed

-	QDL_ERROR_BAD_FLASH_ID,      // 08 Invalid flash intelligent ID

-	QDL_ERROR_BAD_VOLTAGE,       // 09 Invalid programming voltage

-	QDL_ERROR_WRITE_FAILED,      // 10 Write verify failed

-	QDL_ERROR_11,                // 11 Reserved

-	QDL_ERROR_BAD_SPC,           // 12 Invalid security code

-	QDL_ERROR_POWERDOWN,         // 13 Power-down failed

-	QDL_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED,       // 14 NAND flash programming not supported

-	QDL_ERROR_CMD_SEQ,           // 15 Command out of sequence

-	QDL_ERROR_CLOSE,             // 16 Close failed

-	QDL_ERROR_BAD_FEATURES,      // 17 Invalid feature bits

-	QDL_ERROR_SPACE,             // 18 Out of space

-	QDL_ERROR_BAD_SECURITY,      // 19 Invalid security mode

-	QDL_ERROR_MULTI_UNSUPPORTED, // 20 Multi-image NAND not supported

-	QDL_ERROR_POWEROFF,          // 21 Power-off command not supported

-	QDL_ERROR_CMD_UNSUPPORTED,   // 22 Command not supported

-	QDL_ERROR_BAD_CRC,           // 23 Invalid CRC

-	QDL_ERROR_STATE,             // 24 Command received in invalid state

-	QDL_ERROR_TIMEOUT,           // 25 Receive timeout

-	QDL_ERROR_IMAGE_AUTH,        // 26 Image authentication error

-};

-

-/* most of these origin from GobiAPI_1.0.40/Core/QDLEnum.h

- *

- * The gobi-loader's snooped magic strings use types

- *   0x05 => "amss.mbn"

- *   0x06 => "apps.mbn"

- *   0x0d => "uqcn.mbn" (Gobi 2000 only)

- *  with no file header data

- *

- * The 0x80 type is snooped from the Sierra Wireless firmware

- * uploaders, using 400 bytes file header data

- */

-

-enum qdl_type {

-	QDL_IMAGE_AMSS_MODEM		= 0x05,		// 05 AMSS modem image

-	QDL_IMAGE_AMSS_APPLICATION,			// 06 AMSS application image

-	QDL_IMAGE_AMSS_UQCN		= 0x0d,		// 13 Provisioning information

-	QDL_IMAGE_DBL			= 0x0f,		// 15 DBL image

-	QDL_IMAGE_OSBL,					// 16 OSBL image

-	QDL_IMAGE_CWE			= 0x80,		// 128 CWE image

-};

-

-static const char *qdl_type2str(__u8 type)

-{

-	switch (type) {

-	case QDL_IMAGE_AMSS_MODEM:

-		return "AMSS_MODEM";

-	case QDL_IMAGE_AMSS_APPLICATION:

-		return "AMSS_APPLICATION";

-	case QDL_IMAGE_AMSS_UQCN:

-		return "AMSS_UQCN";

-	case QDL_IMAGE_DBL:

-		return "DBL";

-	case QDL_IMAGE_OSBL:

-		return "OSBL";

-	case QDL_IMAGE_CWE:

-		return "CWE";

-	default:

-		return "UNKNOWN";

-	}

-}

-

-/* feature bits */

-#define QDL_FEATURE_GENERIC_UNFRAMED	0x10

-#define QDL_FEATURE_QDL_UNFRAMED	0x20

-#define QDL_FEATURE_BAR_MODE		0x40

-

-struct qdl_hello_req {

-	__u8 cmd; /* 0x01 */

-	char magic[32];

-	__u8 maxver;

-	__u8 minver;

-	__u8 features;

-}  __attribute__ ((packed));

-

-static struct qdl_hello_req qdl_hello_req = {

-	.cmd = QDL_CMD_HELLO_REQ,

-	.magic = { 'Q', 'C', 'O', 'M', ' ', 'h', 'i', 'g', 'h', ' ', 's', 'p', 'e', 'e', 'd', ' ', 'p', 'r', 'o', 't', 'o', 'c', 'o', 'l', ' ', 'h', 's', 't', },

-	.maxver = 0,

-	.minver = 0,

-	.features = QDL_FEATURE_QDL_UNFRAMED | QDL_FEATURE_GENERIC_UNFRAMED,

-};

-	

-struct qdl_hello_rsp {

-	__u8 cmd; /* 0x02 */

-	char magic[32];

-	__u8 maxver;

-	__u8 minver;

-	__u32 reserved1;

-	__u32 reserved2;

-	__u8 reserved3;

-	__u16 reserved4;

-	__u16 reserved5;

-	__u8 features;

-}  __attribute__ ((packed));

-

-struct qdl_err_rsp {

-	__u8 cmd; /* 0x0d */

-	__u32 error;

-	__u8 errortxt;

-}  __attribute__ ((packed));

-

-struct qdl_ufopen_req {

-	__u8 cmd; /* 0x25 */

-	__u8 type;

-	__u32 length;

-	__u8 windowsize;

-	__u32 chunksize;

-	__u16 reserved;

-	/* The first 400 bytes of the image is appended to the "open

-	 * unframed" request on Sierra Wireless modems.  This chunk is

-	 * not included here as it is not a part of the request.

-	 *

-	 * The file header inclusion here seems to depend on the file

-	 * type

-	 */

-}  __attribute__ ((packed));

-

-struct qdl_ufopen_rsp {

-	__u8 cmd; /* 0x26 */

-	__u16 status;

-	__u8 windowsize;

-	__u32 chunksize;

-}  __attribute__ ((packed));

-

-/* This request is not HDLC framed, so this "header" includes the crc */

-struct qdl_ufwrite_req {

-	__u8 cmd; /* 0x27 */

-	__u16 sequence;

-	__u32 reserved;

-	__u32 chunksize;

-	__u16 crc;

-}  __attribute__ ((packed));

-

-/* the buffer most hold a file chunk + this header */

-#define BUFSIZE (CHUNK + sizeof(struct qdl_ufwrite_req))

-

-/* The response is HDLC framed, so the crc is part of the framing */

-struct qdl_ufwrite_rsp {

-	__u8 cmd; /* 0x28 */

-	__u16 sequence;

-	__u32 reserved;

-	__u16 status;

-}  __attribute__ ((packed));

-

-/* __u8 0x29 - cmd only */

-

-struct qdl_ufclose_rsp {

-	__u8 cmd; /* 0x2a */

-	__u16 status;

-	__u8 type;

-	__u8 errortxt;

-}  __attribute__ ((packed));

-

-/* __u8 0x2d - cmd only */

-/* __u8 0x2e - cmd only */

-

-struct qdl_imagepref_rsp {

-	__u8 cmd; /* 0x2f */

-	__u8 entries;

-	struct {

-		__u8 type;

-		char id[16];

-	} image[];

-}  __attribute__ ((packed));

-

-/* 

- * crc16 and HDLC escape code borrowed from modemmanager/libqcdm

- * Copyright (C) 2010 Red Hat, Inc.

- */

-

-/* Table of CRCs for each possible byte, with a generator polynomial of 0x8408 */

-static const __u16 crc_table[256] = {

-    0x0000, 0x1189, 0x2312, 0x329b, 0x4624, 0x57ad, 0x6536, 0x74bf,

-    0x8c48, 0x9dc1, 0xaf5a, 0xbed3, 0xca6c, 0xdbe5, 0xe97e, 0xf8f7,

-    0x1081, 0x0108, 0x3393, 0x221a, 0x56a5, 0x472c, 0x75b7, 0x643e,

-    0x9cc9, 0x8d40, 0xbfdb, 0xae52, 0xdaed, 0xcb64, 0xf9ff, 0xe876,

-    0x2102, 0x308b, 0x0210, 0x1399, 0x6726, 0x76af, 0x4434, 0x55bd,

-    0xad4a, 0xbcc3, 0x8e58, 0x9fd1, 0xeb6e, 0xfae7, 0xc87c, 0xd9f5,

-    0x3183, 0x200a, 0x1291, 0x0318, 0x77a7, 0x662e, 0x54b5, 0x453c,

-    0xbdcb, 0xac42, 0x9ed9, 0x8f50, 0xfbef, 0xea66, 0xd8fd, 0xc974,

-    0x4204, 0x538d, 0x6116, 0x709f, 0x0420, 0x15a9, 0x2732, 0x36bb,

-    0xce4c, 0xdfc5, 0xed5e, 0xfcd7, 0x8868, 0x99e1, 0xab7a, 0xbaf3,

-    0x5285, 0x430c, 0x7197, 0x601e, 0x14a1, 0x0528, 0x37b3, 0x263a,

-    0xdecd, 0xcf44, 0xfddf, 0xec56, 0x98e9, 0x8960, 0xbbfb, 0xaa72,

-    0x6306, 0x728f, 0x4014, 0x519d, 0x2522, 0x34ab, 0x0630, 0x17b9,

-    0xef4e, 0xfec7, 0xcc5c, 0xddd5, 0xa96a, 0xb8e3, 0x8a78, 0x9bf1,

-    0x7387, 0x620e, 0x5095, 0x411c, 0x35a3, 0x242a, 0x16b1, 0x0738,

-    0xffcf, 0xee46, 0xdcdd, 0xcd54, 0xb9eb, 0xa862, 0x9af9, 0x8b70,

-    0x8408, 0x9581, 0xa71a, 0xb693, 0xc22c, 0xd3a5, 0xe13e, 0xf0b7,

-    0x0840, 0x19c9, 0x2b52, 0x3adb, 0x4e64, 0x5fed, 0x6d76, 0x7cff,

-    0x9489, 0x8500, 0xb79b, 0xa612, 0xd2ad, 0xc324, 0xf1bf, 0xe036,

-    0x18c1, 0x0948, 0x3bd3, 0x2a5a, 0x5ee5, 0x4f6c, 0x7df7, 0x6c7e,

-    0xa50a, 0xb483, 0x8618, 0x9791, 0xe32e, 0xf2a7, 0xc03c, 0xd1b5,

-    0x2942, 0x38cb, 0x0a50, 0x1bd9, 0x6f66, 0x7eef, 0x4c74, 0x5dfd,

-    0xb58b, 0xa402, 0x9699, 0x8710, 0xf3af, 0xe226, 0xd0bd, 0xc134,

-    0x39c3, 0x284a, 0x1ad1, 0x0b58, 0x7fe7, 0x6e6e, 0x5cf5, 0x4d7c,

-    0xc60c, 0xd785, 0xe51e, 0xf497, 0x8028, 0x91a1, 0xa33a, 0xb2b3,

-    0x4a44, 0x5bcd, 0x6956, 0x78df, 0x0c60, 0x1de9, 0x2f72, 0x3efb,

-    0xd68d, 0xc704, 0xf59f, 0xe416, 0x90a9, 0x8120, 0xb3bb, 0xa232,

-    0x5ac5, 0x4b4c, 0x79d7, 0x685e, 0x1ce1, 0x0d68, 0x3ff3, 0x2e7a,

-    0xe70e, 0xf687, 0xc41c, 0xd595, 0xa12a, 0xb0a3, 0x8238, 0x93b1,

-    0x6b46, 0x7acf, 0x4854, 0x59dd, 0x2d62, 0x3ceb, 0x0e70, 0x1ff9,

-    0xf78f, 0xe606, 0xd49d, 0xc514, 0xb1ab, 0xa022, 0x92b9, 0x8330,

-    0x7bc7, 0x6a4e, 0x58d5, 0x495c, 0x3de3, 0x2c6a, 0x1ef1, 0x0f78

-};

-

-/* Calculate the CRC for a buffer using a seed of 0xffff */

-static __u16 crc16(const char *buffer, size_t len)

-{

-    __u16 crc = 0xffff;

-

-    while (len--)

-            crc = crc_table[(crc ^ *buffer++) & 0xff] ^ (crc >> 8);

-    return ~crc;

-}

-

-#define CONTROL 0x7e

-#define ESCAPE  0x7d

-#define MASK    0x20

-

-static size_t escape(const char *in, size_t inlen, char *out, size_t outlen)

-{

-	size_t i, j;

-

-	for (i = 0, j = 0; i < inlen; i++) {

-		if (in[i] == CONTROL || in[i] == ESCAPE) {

-			out[j++] = ESCAPE;

-			if (j < outlen)

-				out[j++] = in[i] ^ MASK;

-		} else {

-			out[j++] = in[i];

-		}

-		if (j >= outlen)

-			return 0; /* failed to enscape -  buffer too small */

-	}

-	return j;

-}

-

-static size_t unescape(const char *in, size_t inlen, char *out, size_t outlen)

-{

-	size_t i, j = 0;

-	bool escaping = false;

-       

-	for (i = 0; i < inlen; i++) {

-		if (j >= outlen) {

-			debug("i=%zu, j=%zu, inlen=%zu, outlen=%zu\n", i, j, inlen, outlen);

-			return 0;

-		}

-		if (escaping) {

-			out[j++] = in[i] ^ MASK;

-			escaping = false;

-		} else if (in[i] == ESCAPE) {

-			escaping = true;

-		} else {

-			out[j++] = in[i];

-		}

-	}

-	return j;

-}

-

-/* copy a possibly escaped single byte to out */

-static size_t escape_byte(__u8 byte, char *out, size_t outlen)

-{

-	size_t j = 0;

-

-	if (byte == CONTROL || byte == ESCAPE) {

-		out[j++] = ESCAPE;

-		byte ^= MASK;

-	}

-	out[j++] = byte;

-	return j;

-}

-

-static size_t hdlc_frame(const char *in, size_t inlen, char *out, size_t outlen)

-{

-    __u16 crc;

-    size_t j = 0;

-

-    out[j++] = CONTROL;

-    j += escape(in, inlen, &out[j], outlen - j);

-    crc = crc16(in, inlen);

-    j += escape_byte(crc & 0xff, &out[j], outlen - j);

-    j += escape_byte(crc >> 8 & 0xff, &out[j], outlen - j);

-    out[j++] = CONTROL;

-

-    if (j < inlen)

-	    return 0;    /* FIXME */

-

-    return j;

-}

-

-static size_t hdlc_unframe(const char *in, size_t inlen, char *out, size_t outlen)

-{

-    __u16 crc;

-    size_t j, i = inlen;

-

-    /* the first control char is optional */

-    if (*in == CONTROL) {

-	    in++;

-	    i--;

-    }

-    if (in[i - 1] == CONTROL)

-	    i--;

-

-    j = unescape(in, i, out, outlen);

-    if (j < 2) {

-	    debug("unescape failed: j = %zu\n", j);

-	    return 0;

-    }

-    j -= 2; /* remove the crc */

-

-    /* verify the crc */

-    crc = crc16(out, j);

-    if (crc != ((unsigned char)out[j] | (unsigned char)out[j + 1] << 8)) {

-	    debug("crc failed: 0x%04x != 0x%04x\n", crc, out[j] | out[j + 1] << 8);

-	    return 0;

-    }

-    return j;

-}

-

-/* should the unframed open request include a file header? */

-static inline size_t hdrlen(__u8 type)

-{

-	switch (type) {

-	case QDL_IMAGE_CWE:

-		return 400;

-	default:

-		return 0;

-	}

-}

-

-/* some image types contain trailing garbage - from gobi-loader */

-static inline size_t imglen(__u8 type, size_t len)

-{

-	switch (type) {

-	case QDL_IMAGE_AMSS_MODEM:

-		return len - 8;

-	default:

-		return len;

-	}

-}

-

-static size_t create_ufopen_req(char *in, size_t filelen, __u8 type)

-{

-	struct qdl_ufopen_req *req = (void *)in;

-

-	req->cmd = QDL_CMD_OPEN_UNFRAMED_REQ;

-	req->type = type;

-	req ->windowsize = 1; /* snooped */

-	req->length = imglen(type, filelen);

-	req->chunksize = imglen(type, filelen) - hdrlen(type);

-	return sizeof(struct qdl_ufopen_req);

-}

-

-static size_t create_ufwrite_req(char *out, size_t chunksize, int sequence)

-{

-	struct qdl_ufwrite_req *req = (void *)out;

-	

-	req->cmd = QDL_CMD_WRITE_UNFRAMED_REQ;

-	req->sequence = sequence;

-	req->reserved = 0;

-	req->chunksize = chunksize;

-	req->crc = crc16(out, sizeof(*req) - 2);

-	return sizeof(*req);

-}

-

-static int parse_sdp_hello(const char *in, size_t inlen)

-{

-	struct qdl_hello_rsp *r;

-	char buf[sizeof(*r) + sizeof(__u16)];

-	char magicbuf[33] = {0};

-	size_t ret;

-

-	r = (struct qdl_hello_rsp *)buf;

-	ret = hdlc_unframe(in, inlen, buf, sizeof(buf));

-	if (ret == sizeof(*r) && r->cmd == QDL_CMD_HELLO_RSP) {

-		memcpy(magicbuf, r->magic, r->maxver <= 5 ? 24 : 32);

-		debug("magic: '%s'\nmaxver: %u\nminver: %u\nfeatures: 0x%02x\n", magicbuf, r->maxver, r->minver, r->features);

-		return 0;

-	}

-	return -1; /* unexpected error */

-}

-

-static const char *sdperr2str(__u32 err)

-{

-	switch (err) {

-	case QDL_ERROR_01:

-		return "Reserved";

-	case QDL_ERROR_BAD_ADDR:

-		return "Invalid destination address";

-	case QDL_ERROR_BAD_LEN:

-		return "Invalid length";

-	case QDL_ERROR_BAD_PACKET:

-		return "Unexpected end of packet";

-	case QDL_ERROR_BAD_CMD:

-		return "Invalid command";

-	case QDL_ERROR_06:

-		return "Reserved";

-	case QDL_ERROR_OP_FAILED:

-		return "Operation failed";

-	case QDL_ERROR_BAD_FLASH_ID:

-		return "Invalid flash intelligent ID";

-	case QDL_ERROR_BAD_VOLTAGE:

-		return "Invalid programming voltage";

-	case QDL_ERROR_WRITE_FAILED:

-		return "Write verify failed";

-	case QDL_ERROR_11:

-		return "Reserved";

-	case QDL_ERROR_BAD_SPC:

-		return "Invalid security code";

-	case QDL_ERROR_POWERDOWN:

-		return "Power-down failed";

-	case QDL_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED:

-		return "NAND flash programming not supported";

-	case QDL_ERROR_CMD_SEQ:

-		return "Command out of sequence";

-	case QDL_ERROR_CLOSE:

-		return "Close failed";

-	case QDL_ERROR_BAD_FEATURES:

-		return "Invalid feature bits";

-	case QDL_ERROR_SPACE:

-		return "Out of space";

-	case QDL_ERROR_BAD_SECURITY:

-		return "Invalid security mode";

-	case QDL_ERROR_MULTI_UNSUPPORTED:

-		return "Multi-image NAND not supported";

-	case QDL_ERROR_POWEROFF:

-		return "Power-off command not supported";

-	case QDL_ERROR_CMD_UNSUPPORTED:

-		return "Command not supported";

-	case QDL_ERROR_BAD_CRC:

-		return "Invalid CRC";

-	case QDL_ERROR_STATE:

-		return "Command received in invalid state";

-	case QDL_ERROR_TIMEOUT:

-		return "Receive timeout";

-	case QDL_ERROR_IMAGE_AUTH:

-		return "Image authentication error";

-	default:

-		return "Unknown error";

-	}

-}

-

-static int parse_sdp_err(const char *in, size_t inlen, bool silent)

-{

-	struct qdl_err_rsp *r;

-	char buf[sizeof(*r) + sizeof(__u16)];

-	size_t ret;

-

-	r = (struct qdl_err_rsp *)buf;

-	ret = hdlc_unframe(in, inlen, buf, sizeof(buf));

-	if (ret == sizeof(*r) && r->cmd == QDL_CMD_ERROR) {

-		if (!silent)

-			fprintf(stderr, "SDP error %d (%d): %s\n", r->error, r->errortxt, sdperr2str(r->error));

-		return -r->error;

-	}

-	return -1; /* not an proper error frame */

-}

-

-static int parse_ufopen(const char *in, size_t inlen)

-{

-	struct qdl_ufopen_rsp *r;

-	char buf[sizeof(*r) + sizeof(__u16)];

-	size_t ret;

-

-	r = (struct qdl_ufopen_rsp *)buf;

-	ret = hdlc_unframe(in, inlen, buf, sizeof(buf));

-	if (ret != sizeof(*r) || r->cmd != QDL_CMD_OPEN_UNFRAMED_RSP)

-		return -1;

-	debug("status=%d, windowsize=%d, chunksize=%d\n", r->status, r->windowsize, r->chunksize);

-	return -r->status;

-}

-

-static int parse_ufwrite(const char *in, size_t inlen)

-{

-	struct qdl_ufwrite_rsp *r;

-	char buf[sizeof(*r) + sizeof(__u16)];

-	size_t ret;

-

-	r = (struct qdl_ufwrite_rsp *)buf;

-	ret = hdlc_unframe(in, inlen, buf, sizeof(buf));

-	if (ret != sizeof(*r) || r->cmd != QDL_CMD_WRITE_UNFRAMED_RSP)

-		return -1;

-	if (r->status) {

-		fprintf(stderr, "seq 0x%04x status=%d\n", r->sequence, r->status);

-		return -r->status;

-	}

-	debug("ack: %d\n", r->sequence);

-	return r->sequence;

-}

-

-static int parse_ufdone(const char *in, size_t inlen)

-{

-	struct qdl_ufclose_rsp *r;

-	char buf[sizeof(*r) + sizeof(__u16)];

-	size_t ret;

-

-	r = (struct qdl_ufclose_rsp *)buf;

-	ret = hdlc_unframe(in, inlen, buf, sizeof(buf));

-	if (ret != sizeof(*r) || r->cmd != QDL_CMD_SESSION_DONE_RSP)

-		return -1;

-	debug("UF close: status=%d, type=%d, errortxt=%d\n", r->status, r->type, r->errortxt);

-	return -r->status;

-}

-

-/* read and parse QDL if available.  Will return unless data is

- * available withing 5 ms

- */

-static int read_and_parse(int fd, bool silent)

-{

-	char *end, *p, rbuf[512];

-	int rlen, framelen, ret = 0;

-	fd_set rd;

-	struct timeval tv = { .tv_sec = 1, .tv_usec = 0, };

-

-	FD_ZERO(&rd);

-	FD_SET(fd, &rd);

-	if (select(fd + 1, &rd, NULL, NULL, &tv) <= 0) {

-		debug("timeout: no data read\n");

-		return 0;

-	}

-	

-	rlen = read(fd, rbuf, sizeof(rbuf));

-	if (rlen <= 0)

-		return rlen;

-	print_packet("read", rbuf, rlen);

-

-	p = rbuf;

-	while (rlen > 0 && (end = memchr(p + 1, CONTROL, rlen - 1)) != NULL) {

-		end++;

-		framelen = end - p;

-		switch (p[1]) {

-		case QDL_CMD_ERROR:

-			ret = parse_sdp_err(p, framelen, silent);

-			break;

-		case QDL_CMD_HELLO_RSP: /* == DLOAD_ACK */

-			if (framelen != 5)

-				ret = parse_sdp_hello(p, framelen);

-			else

-				debug("Got DLOAD_ACK\n");

-			break;

-		case QDL_CMD_OPEN_UNFRAMED_RSP:

-			ret = parse_ufopen(p, framelen);

-			break;

-		case QDL_CMD_WRITE_UNFRAMED_RSP:

-			ret = parse_ufwrite(p, framelen);

-			break;

-		case QDL_CMD_SESSION_DONE_RSP:

-			ret = parse_ufdone(p, framelen);

-			break;

-		default:

-			fprintf(stderr, "Unsupported response code: 0x%02x\n", p[1]);

-		}

-		if (ret < 0)

-			return ret;

-		p = end;

-		rlen -= framelen;

-	}

-	return ret;

-}

-

-static int write_hdlc(int fd, const char *in, size_t inlen)

-{

-	char wbuf[512];

-	int wlen;

-	

-	wlen = hdlc_frame(in, inlen, wbuf, sizeof(wbuf));

-	if (wlen > 0) {

-		write(fd,  wbuf, wlen);

-		print_packet("write", wbuf, wlen);

-	} else {

-		debug("hdlc_frame() returned %d\n", wlen);

-	}

-	return wlen;

-}

-

-static int serial_open(const char *dev)

-{

-	struct termios terminal_data;

-	int fd;

-

-	/* FIXME: verify that the serial device is a Sierra Wireless device in QDL mode */

-	fd = open(dev,  O_RDWR | O_NOCTTY);

-	if (fd > 0) {

-		tcgetattr(fd, &terminal_data);

-		cfmakeraw(&terminal_data);

-		tcsetattr(fd, TCSANOW, &terminal_data);

-	}

-	debug("opened %s\n", dev);

-	return fd;

-}

-

-/* Sierra Wireless CWE file header 

- *   Note: 32bit numbers are big endian

- */

-struct cwehdr {

-	char reserved1[256];

-	__u32 crc;		/* 32bit CRC of "reserved1" field */

-	__u32 rev;		/* header revision */

-	__u32 val;		/* CRC validity indicator */

-	char type[4];		/* ASCII - not null terminated */

-	char product[4];	/* ASCII - not null terminated */

-	__u32 imgsize;		/* image size */

-	__u32 imgcrc;		/* 32bit CRC of the image */

-	char version[84];	/* ASCII - null terminated */

-	char date[8];		/* ASCII - null terminated */

-	__u32 compat;		/* backward compatibility */

-	char reserved2[20];

-};

-

-static int verify_cwehdr(char *buf)

-{

-	struct cwehdr *h = (void *)buf;

-	char tmp[5];

-

-	fprintf(stderr, "  CWE revision: %d\n", be32toh(h->rev));

-	memcpy(tmp, h->type, 4);

-	tmp[4] = 0;

-	fprintf(stderr, "  type: %s\n", tmp);

-	memcpy(tmp, h->product, 4);

-	tmp[4] = 0;

-	fprintf(stderr, "  product: %s\n", tmp);

-	fprintf(stderr, "  image size: %d\n", be32toh(h->imgsize));

-	fprintf(stderr, "  version: %s\n", h->version);

-	fprintf(stderr, "  date: %s\n", h->date);

-	return 0;

-}

-

-/* guessing image type based on the well known Gobi 1k and 2k

- * filenames, and assumes anything else is a CWE image

- *

- * This is based on the types in gobi-loader's snooped magic strings:

- *   0x05 => "amss.mbn"

- *   0x06 => "apps.mbn"

- *   0x0d => "uqcn.mbn" (Gobi 2000 only)

- */

-static __u8 filename2type(const char *filename)

-{

-	char *base = strrchr(filename, '/');

-

-	if (!base)

-		base = (char *)filename;

-	if (!strcasecmp(base, "amss.mbn"))

-		return QDL_IMAGE_AMSS_MODEM;

-	if (!strcasecmp(base, "apps.mbn"))

-		return QDL_IMAGE_AMSS_APPLICATION;

-	if (!strcasecmp(base, "uqcn.mbn"))

-		return QDL_IMAGE_AMSS_UQCN;

-	return QDL_IMAGE_CWE;

-}

-

-static int download_image(int serfd, const char *image)

-{

-	int imgfd = -1, ret = 0, seq = 0;

-	size_t chunksize, rlen, filelen;

-	struct stat img_data;

-	__u8 type = filename2type(image);

-	

-	/* FIXME: verify that this image matches the modem */

-	imgfd = open(image, O_RDONLY);

-	if (imgfd < 0) {

-		fprintf(stderr, "Cannot open %s: %d\n", image, imgfd);

-		ret = imgfd;

-		goto out;

-	}

-	fstat(imgfd, &img_data);

-	filelen = imglen(type, img_data.st_size) - hdrlen(type);

-	if (filelen < 0) {

-		fprintf(stderr, "%s is too short\n", image);

-		ret = -1;

-		goto out;

-	}

-

-	fprintf(stderr, "Downloading %s image '%s'\n", qdl_type2str(type), image);

-

-	/* send open request */

-	rlen = create_ufopen_req(buf, img_data.st_size, type);

-	if (hdrlen(type) > 0) {

-		ret = -1;

-		if (hdrlen(type) + rlen > BUFSIZE)

-			goto out;

-		if (read(imgfd, buf + rlen, hdrlen(type)) != hdrlen(type))

-			goto out;

-		if (type == QDL_IMAGE_CWE)

-			verify_cwehdr(buf + rlen);

-	}

-	write_hdlc(serfd, buf, rlen + hdrlen(type));

-

-	/* read ufopen response - FIXME: act on errors! */

-	if (read_and_parse(serfd, false) < 0)

-		goto out;

-

-	/* remaining data to send */

-	while (filelen > 0) {

-		fd_set wr;

-		struct timeval tv = { .tv_sec = 2, .tv_usec = 0, };

-

-		chunksize = CHUNK;

-		if (chunksize > filelen)

-			chunksize = filelen;

-

-		debug("write #%d (%zu)...", seq, chunksize);

-		if (!debug)

-			fprintf(stderr, ".");

-		rlen = create_ufwrite_req(buf, chunksize, seq++);

-		rlen += read(imgfd, buf + rlen, CHUNK);

-		filelen -= chunksize;

-

-		FD_ZERO(&wr);

-		FD_SET(serfd, &wr);

-		if (select(serfd + 1, NULL, &wr, NULL, &tv) <= 0)

-			goto out;

-		write(serfd,  buf, rlen);

-		ret = read_and_parse(serfd, false);

-		if (ret < 0)

-			goto out;

-	}

-

-	debug("finished writing\n");

-

-	/* This may take a considerable amount of time */

-	fprintf(stderr, "\nWaiting for ack");

-	while (ret != seq - 1) {

-		fprintf(stderr, ".");

-		sleep(3);

-		ret = read_and_parse(serfd, false);

-	}

-	fprintf(stderr, "\n");

-

-out:

-	if (imgfd > 0)

-		close(imgfd);

-	return ret;

-}

-

-static struct option main_options[] = {

-	{ "help",	0, 0, 'h' },

-	{ "serial",     1, 0, 's' },

-	{ "debug",      0, 0, 'd' },

-	{ 0, 0, 0, 0 }

-};

-

-static void usage(const char *prog)

-{

-	fprintf(stderr,

-		"\n%s: %s [ --help ]"

-#ifdef DEBUG

-		" [--debug] "

-#endif

-		"--serial <device> <image> [image2] [image3]\n",

-		__func__, prog);

-}

-

-int main(int argc, char *argv[])

-{

-	int opt, serfd = -1, ret = 0, version;

-	

-	fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", DESCRIPTION);

-	while ((opt = getopt_long(argc, argv, "i:s:m:dvh", main_options, NULL)) != -1) {

-		switch(opt) {

-		case 's':

-			serfd = serial_open(optarg);

-			break;

-#ifdef DEBUG

-		case 'd':

-			debug = true;

-			break;

-#endif

-		case 'h':

-			usage(argv[0]);

-			return 0;

-		}

-	}

-

-	buf = malloc(BUFSIZE);

-	if (!buf) {

-		ret = -ENOMEM;

-		goto err;

-	}

-

-

-/* FIXME: should do the following for a complete image upload*

- *

- *  For CWE images:

- *    - verify image sanity and retrive model/version data for next step if applicable

- *    - if application mode:

- *       + verify qmi model/version matching image

- *       + check usb sysfs (serial++) to match against bootloader mode

- *       + switch to bootloader mode

- *       + wait for QDL device to appear

- *

- * For all images:

- *    - verify that the QDL device is the correct one (check serial etc)

- *

- * NON WORKING:

- *    - allow multiple images to be uploaded in one run

- * How do we do this properly?

- */

-	

-	/* need at least one firmware filename */

-	if (optind == argc) {

-		usage(argv[0]);

-		return -1;

-	}

-

-	if (serfd < 0)

-		return serfd;

-

-	/* switch to SDP - this is required for some modems like MC7710 */

-	write_hdlc(serfd, (const char *)&dload_sdp, sizeof(dload_sdp));

-	ret = read_and_parse(serfd, true);

-

-	/* the modem could already be in SDP mode, so ignore "unsupported" errors */

-	if (ret < 0 && ret != -QDL_ERROR_CMD_UNSUPPORTED)

-		goto err;

-

-	/* attempt to probe supported protocol version

-	 *  Newer modems like Sierra Wireless MC7710 must use '6' for both fields

-	 *  Gobi2000 modems like HP un2420 must use '5' for both fields

-	 *  Gobi1000 modems  must use '4' for both fields

-	 */

-	for (version = 4; version < 7; version++) {

-		qdl_hello_req.minver = version;

-		qdl_hello_req.maxver = version;

-		write_hdlc(serfd, (const char *)&qdl_hello_req, sizeof(qdl_hello_req));

-		ret = read_and_parse(serfd, true);

-		if (!ret)

-			break;

-	}

-	if (ret < 0) {

-		fprintf(stderr, "Unable to detect QDL version\n");

-		goto err;

-	}

-	fprintf(stderr, "Got QDL version: %u\n", version);

-

-	/* download all images */

-	while (optind < argc && ret >= 0)

-		ret = download_image(serfd, argv[optind++]);

-

-	/* close unframed session */

-	buf[0] = QDL_CMD_SESSION_DONE_REQ;

-	write_hdlc(serfd, buf, 1);

-

-	/* read close response  */

-	if (!read_and_parse(serfd, false))

-		fprintf(stderr, "Success!\n");

-

-	/* terminate SDP session */

-	fprintf(stderr, "Terminating session - rebooting modem...\n");

-	buf[0] = QDL_CMD_SESSION_CLOSE_REQ;

-	write_hdlc(serfd, buf, 1);

-		

-	/* no response? */

-	read_and_parse(serfd, false);

-

-err:

-	if (serfd > 0)

-		close(serfd);

-	free(buf);

-	return ret;

-}

+/* -*- Mode: C; tab-width: 4; indent-tabs-mode: nil; c-basic-offset: 4 -*- */
+/*
+ * swi-update -- Command line tool to update QMI firmware
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 2 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) Copyright 2016 Bjørn Mork <bjorn@mork.no>
+ *
+ * crc16 and hdlc parts:
+ *   Copyright (C) 2010 Red Hat, Inc.
+ *
+ * parts of this is based on gobi-loader, which is
+ *
+ *  "Copyright 2009 Red Hat <mjg@redhat.com> - heavily based on work done by
+ *   Alexander Shumakovitch <shurik@gwu.edu>
+ *
+ *   Gobi 2000 support provided by Anssi Hannula <anssi.hannula@iki.fi>"
+ */
+
+#include <endian.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <getopt.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <linux/types.h>
+#include <malloc.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <termios.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+/* FIXME: endianness - this works on LE for now... */
+
+#ifndef VERSION
+  #define VERSION "unknown"
+#endif
+#define DESCRIPTION "swi-update (" VERSION ")"
+
+#ifdef DEBUG
+static bool debug;
+#define debug(arg...) if (debug) fprintf(stderr, arg)
+static void print_packet(const char *pfx, void *buf, int len)
+{
+	int i;
+	unsigned char *p = buf;
+
+	if (!debug)
+		return;
+	fprintf(stderr, "%s: ", pfx);
+	for (i=0; i<len; i++)
+		fprintf(stderr, "%02x ", p[i]);
+	fprintf(stderr, "\n");
+}
+#else
+#define debug(arg...)
+#define print_packet(pfx, buf, len)
+#endif /* DEBUG */
+
+
+#define CHUNK (1024 * 1024)
+static char *buf = NULL;
+
+/** DLOAD protocol **/
+
+/*
+ * Most of this is from Josuah Hill's DLOAD tool for iPhone
+ * Some spec is also available in document 80-39912-1 Rev. E  DMSS Download Protocol Interface Specification and Operational Description
+ * https://github.com/posixninja/DLOADTool/blob/master/dloadtool/dload.h
+ *
+ * The 0x70 switching command was found by snooping on firmware updates
+ */
+
+enum dload_cmd {
+	DLOAD_ACK = 0x02, /* Acknowledge receiving a packet */
+	DLOAD_NOP = 0x06, /* No operation, useful for debugging */
+	DLOAD_SDP = 0x70, /* Switch to Streaming DLOAD */
+};
+
+/* 0x02 - __u8 cmd only */
+/* 0x06 - __u8 cmd only */
+
+struct dload_sdp {
+	__u8 cmd; /* 0x70 */
+	__u16 reserved; /* 0x0000 */
+} __attribute__ ((packed));
+
+static struct dload_sdp dload_sdp = {
+	.cmd = 0x70,
+	.reserved = 0,
+};
+
+/** Streaming DLOAD protocol **/
+
+/* from GobiAPI_1.0.40/Core/QDLEnum.h and
+ * GobiAPI_1.0.40/Core/QDLBuffers.h with additional details from USB
+ * snooping
+ */
+enum qdl_cmd {
+	QDL_CMD_HELLO_REQ	    = 0x01,	/* Hello request */
+	QDL_CMD_HELLO_RSP,			/* Hello response */
+	QDL_CMD_ERROR		    = 0x0d,	/* Error report */
+	QDL_CMD_OPEN_UNFRAMED_REQ   = 0x25, /* Open unframed image write request */
+	QDL_CMD_OPEN_UNFRAMED_RSP,		/* Open unframed image write response */
+	QDL_CMD_WRITE_UNFRAMED_REQ,		/* Unframed image write request */
+	QDL_CMD_WRITE_UNFRAMED_RSP,		/* Unframed image write response */
+	QDL_CMD_SESSION_DONE_REQ,		/* Unframed session done request */
+	QDL_CMD_SESSION_DONE_RSP,		/* Unframed session done response */
+	QDL_CMD_DOWNLOAD_REQ,			/* Switch to download protocol request */
+	QDL_CMD_SESSION_CLOSE_REQ   = 0x2d,	/* Close unframed session request */
+	QDL_CMD_GET_IMAGE_PREF_REQ,		/* Get image preference request */
+	QDL_CMD_GET_IMAGE_PREF_RSP,		/* Get image preference response */
+};
+
+enum qdl_error {
+	QDL_ERROR_01 = 1,            // 01 Reserved
+	QDL_ERROR_BAD_ADDR,          // 02 Invalid destination address
+	QDL_ERROR_BAD_LEN,           // 03 Invalid length
+	QDL_ERROR_BAD_PACKET,        // 04 Unexpected end of packet
+	QDL_ERROR_BAD_CMD,           // 05 Invalid command
+	QDL_ERROR_06,                // 06 Reserved
+	QDL_ERROR_OP_FAILED,         // 07 Operation failed
+	QDL_ERROR_BAD_FLASH_ID,      // 08 Invalid flash intelligent ID
+	QDL_ERROR_BAD_VOLTAGE,       // 09 Invalid programming voltage
+	QDL_ERROR_WRITE_FAILED,      // 10 Write verify failed
+	QDL_ERROR_11,                // 11 Reserved
+	QDL_ERROR_BAD_SPC,           // 12 Invalid security code
+	QDL_ERROR_POWERDOWN,         // 13 Power-down failed
+	QDL_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED,       // 14 NAND flash programming not supported
+	QDL_ERROR_CMD_SEQ,           // 15 Command out of sequence
+	QDL_ERROR_CLOSE,             // 16 Close failed
+	QDL_ERROR_BAD_FEATURES,      // 17 Invalid feature bits
+	QDL_ERROR_SPACE,             // 18 Out of space
+	QDL_ERROR_BAD_SECURITY,      // 19 Invalid security mode
+	QDL_ERROR_MULTI_UNSUPPORTED, // 20 Multi-image NAND not supported
+	QDL_ERROR_POWEROFF,          // 21 Power-off command not supported
+	QDL_ERROR_CMD_UNSUPPORTED,   // 22 Command not supported
+	QDL_ERROR_BAD_CRC,           // 23 Invalid CRC
+	QDL_ERROR_STATE,             // 24 Command received in invalid state
+	QDL_ERROR_TIMEOUT,           // 25 Receive timeout
+	QDL_ERROR_IMAGE_AUTH,        // 26 Image authentication error
+};
+
+/* most of these origin from GobiAPI_1.0.40/Core/QDLEnum.h
+ *
+ * The gobi-loader's snooped magic strings use types
+ *   0x05 => "amss.mbn"
+ *   0x06 => "apps.mbn"
+ *   0x0d => "uqcn.mbn" (Gobi 2000 only)
+ *  with no file header data
+ *
+ * The 0x80 type is snooped from the Sierra Wireless firmware
+ * uploaders, using 400 bytes file header data
+ */
+
+enum qdl_type {
+	QDL_IMAGE_AMSS_MODEM		= 0x05,		// 05 AMSS modem image
+	QDL_IMAGE_AMSS_APPLICATION,			// 06 AMSS application image
+	QDL_IMAGE_AMSS_UQCN		= 0x0d,		// 13 Provisioning information
+	QDL_IMAGE_DBL			= 0x0f,		// 15 DBL image
+	QDL_IMAGE_OSBL,					// 16 OSBL image
+	QDL_IMAGE_CWE			= 0x80,		// 128 CWE image
+};
+
+static const char *qdl_type2str(__u8 type)
+{
+	switch (type) {
+	case QDL_IMAGE_AMSS_MODEM:
+		return "AMSS_MODEM";
+	case QDL_IMAGE_AMSS_APPLICATION:
+		return "AMSS_APPLICATION";
+	case QDL_IMAGE_AMSS_UQCN:
+		return "AMSS_UQCN";
+	case QDL_IMAGE_DBL:
+		return "DBL";
+	case QDL_IMAGE_OSBL:
+		return "OSBL";
+	case QDL_IMAGE_CWE:
+		return "CWE";
+	default:
+		return "UNKNOWN";
+	}
+}
+
+/* feature bits */
+#define QDL_FEATURE_GENERIC_UNFRAMED	0x10
+#define QDL_FEATURE_QDL_UNFRAMED	0x20
+#define QDL_FEATURE_BAR_MODE		0x40
+
+struct qdl_hello_req {
+	__u8 cmd; /* 0x01 */
+	char magic[32];
+	__u8 maxver;
+	__u8 minver;
+	__u8 features;
+}  __attribute__ ((packed));
+
+static struct qdl_hello_req qdl_hello_req = {
+	.cmd = QDL_CMD_HELLO_REQ,
+	.magic = { 'Q', 'C', 'O', 'M', ' ', 'h', 'i', 'g', 'h', ' ', 's', 'p', 'e', 'e', 'd', ' ', 'p', 'r', 'o', 't', 'o', 'c', 'o', 'l', ' ', 'h', 's', 't', },
+	.maxver = 0,
+	.minver = 0,
+	.features = QDL_FEATURE_QDL_UNFRAMED | QDL_FEATURE_GENERIC_UNFRAMED,
+};
+
+struct qdl_hello_rsp {
+	__u8 cmd; /* 0x02 */
+	char magic[32];
+	__u8 maxver;
+	__u8 minver;
+	__u32 reserved1;
+	__u32 reserved2;
+	__u8 reserved3;
+	__u16 reserved4;
+	__u16 reserved5;
+	__u8 features;
+}  __attribute__ ((packed));
+
+struct qdl_err_rsp {
+	__u8 cmd; /* 0x0d */
+	__u32 error;
+	__u8 errortxt;
+}  __attribute__ ((packed));
+
+struct qdl_ufopen_req {
+	__u8 cmd; /* 0x25 */
+	__u8 type;
+	__u32 length;
+	__u8 windowsize;
+	__u32 chunksize;
+	__u16 reserved;
+	/* The first 400 bytes of the image is appended to the "open
+	 * unframed" request on Sierra Wireless modems.  This chunk is
+	 * not included here as it is not a part of the request.
+	 *
+	 * The file header inclusion here seems to depend on the file
+	 * type
+	 */
+}  __attribute__ ((packed));
+
+struct qdl_ufopen_rsp {
+	__u8 cmd; /* 0x26 */
+	__u16 status;
+	__u8 windowsize;
+	__u32 chunksize;
+}  __attribute__ ((packed));
+
+/* This request is not HDLC framed, so this "header" includes the crc */
+struct qdl_ufwrite_req {
+	__u8 cmd; /* 0x27 */
+	__u16 sequence;
+	__u32 reserved;
+	__u32 chunksize;
+	__u16 crc;
+}  __attribute__ ((packed));
+
+/* the buffer most hold a file chunk + this header */
+#define BUFSIZE (CHUNK + sizeof(struct qdl_ufwrite_req))
+
+/* The response is HDLC framed, so the crc is part of the framing */
+struct qdl_ufwrite_rsp {
+	__u8 cmd; /* 0x28 */
+	__u16 sequence;
+	__u32 reserved;
+	__u16 status;
+}  __attribute__ ((packed));
+
+/* __u8 0x29 - cmd only */
+
+struct qdl_ufclose_rsp {
+	__u8 cmd; /* 0x2a */
+	__u16 status;
+	__u8 type;
+	__u8 errortxt;
+}  __attribute__ ((packed));
+
+/* __u8 0x2d - cmd only */
+/* __u8 0x2e - cmd only */
+
+struct qdl_imagepref_rsp {
+	__u8 cmd; /* 0x2f */
+	__u8 entries;
+	struct {
+		__u8 type;
+		char id[16];
+	} image[];
+}  __attribute__ ((packed));
+
+/*
+ * crc16 and HDLC escape code borrowed from modemmanager/libqcdm
+ * Copyright (C) 2010 Red Hat, Inc.
+ */
+
+/* Table of CRCs for each possible byte, with a generator polynomial of 0x8408 */
+static const __u16 crc_table[256] = {
+    0x0000, 0x1189, 0x2312, 0x329b, 0x4624, 0x57ad, 0x6536, 0x74bf,
+    0x8c48, 0x9dc1, 0xaf5a, 0xbed3, 0xca6c, 0xdbe5, 0xe97e, 0xf8f7,
+    0x1081, 0x0108, 0x3393, 0x221a, 0x56a5, 0x472c, 0x75b7, 0x643e,
+    0x9cc9, 0x8d40, 0xbfdb, 0xae52, 0xdaed, 0xcb64, 0xf9ff, 0xe876,
+    0x2102, 0x308b, 0x0210, 0x1399, 0x6726, 0x76af, 0x4434, 0x55bd,
+    0xad4a, 0xbcc3, 0x8e58, 0x9fd1, 0xeb6e, 0xfae7, 0xc87c, 0xd9f5,
+    0x3183, 0x200a, 0x1291, 0x0318, 0x77a7, 0x662e, 0x54b5, 0x453c,
+    0xbdcb, 0xac42, 0x9ed9, 0x8f50, 0xfbef, 0xea66, 0xd8fd, 0xc974,
+    0x4204, 0x538d, 0x6116, 0x709f, 0x0420, 0x15a9, 0x2732, 0x36bb,
+    0xce4c, 0xdfc5, 0xed5e, 0xfcd7, 0x8868, 0x99e1, 0xab7a, 0xbaf3,
+    0x5285, 0x430c, 0x7197, 0x601e, 0x14a1, 0x0528, 0x37b3, 0x263a,
+    0xdecd, 0xcf44, 0xfddf, 0xec56, 0x98e9, 0x8960, 0xbbfb, 0xaa72,
+    0x6306, 0x728f, 0x4014, 0x519d, 0x2522, 0x34ab, 0x0630, 0x17b9,
+    0xef4e, 0xfec7, 0xcc5c, 0xddd5, 0xa96a, 0xb8e3, 0x8a78, 0x9bf1,
+    0x7387, 0x620e, 0x5095, 0x411c, 0x35a3, 0x242a, 0x16b1, 0x0738,
+    0xffcf, 0xee46, 0xdcdd, 0xcd54, 0xb9eb, 0xa862, 0x9af9, 0x8b70,
+    0x8408, 0x9581, 0xa71a, 0xb693, 0xc22c, 0xd3a5, 0xe13e, 0xf0b7,
+    0x0840, 0x19c9, 0x2b52, 0x3adb, 0x4e64, 0x5fed, 0x6d76, 0x7cff,
+    0x9489, 0x8500, 0xb79b, 0xa612, 0xd2ad, 0xc324, 0xf1bf, 0xe036,
+    0x18c1, 0x0948, 0x3bd3, 0x2a5a, 0x5ee5, 0x4f6c, 0x7df7, 0x6c7e,
+    0xa50a, 0xb483, 0x8618, 0x9791, 0xe32e, 0xf2a7, 0xc03c, 0xd1b5,
+    0x2942, 0x38cb, 0x0a50, 0x1bd9, 0x6f66, 0x7eef, 0x4c74, 0x5dfd,
+    0xb58b, 0xa402, 0x9699, 0x8710, 0xf3af, 0xe226, 0xd0bd, 0xc134,
+    0x39c3, 0x284a, 0x1ad1, 0x0b58, 0x7fe7, 0x6e6e, 0x5cf5, 0x4d7c,
+    0xc60c, 0xd785, 0xe51e, 0xf497, 0x8028, 0x91a1, 0xa33a, 0xb2b3,
+    0x4a44, 0x5bcd, 0x6956, 0x78df, 0x0c60, 0x1de9, 0x2f72, 0x3efb,
+    0xd68d, 0xc704, 0xf59f, 0xe416, 0x90a9, 0x8120, 0xb3bb, 0xa232,
+    0x5ac5, 0x4b4c, 0x79d7, 0x685e, 0x1ce1, 0x0d68, 0x3ff3, 0x2e7a,
+    0xe70e, 0xf687, 0xc41c, 0xd595, 0xa12a, 0xb0a3, 0x8238, 0x93b1,
+    0x6b46, 0x7acf, 0x4854, 0x59dd, 0x2d62, 0x3ceb, 0x0e70, 0x1ff9,
+    0xf78f, 0xe606, 0xd49d, 0xc514, 0xb1ab, 0xa022, 0x92b9, 0x8330,
+    0x7bc7, 0x6a4e, 0x58d5, 0x495c, 0x3de3, 0x2c6a, 0x1ef1, 0x0f78
+};
+
+/* Calculate the CRC for a buffer using a seed of 0xffff */
+static __u16 crc16(const char *buffer, size_t len)
+{
+    __u16 crc = 0xffff;
+
+    while (len--)
+            crc = crc_table[(crc ^ *buffer++) & 0xff] ^ (crc >> 8);
+    return ~crc;
+}
+
+#define CONTROL 0x7e
+#define ESCAPE  0x7d
+#define MASK    0x20
+
+static size_t escape(const char *in, size_t inlen, char *out, size_t outlen)
+{
+	size_t i, j;
+
+	for (i = 0, j = 0; i < inlen; i++) {
+		if (in[i] == CONTROL || in[i] == ESCAPE) {
+			out[j++] = ESCAPE;
+			if (j < outlen)
+				out[j++] = in[i] ^ MASK;
+		} else {
+			out[j++] = in[i];
+		}
+		if (j >= outlen)
+			return 0; /* failed to enscape -  buffer too small */
+	}
+	return j;
+}
+
+static size_t unescape(const char *in, size_t inlen, char *out, size_t outlen)
+{
+	size_t i, j = 0;
+	bool escaping = false;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < inlen; i++) {
+		if (j >= outlen) {
+			debug("i=%zu, j=%zu, inlen=%zu, outlen=%zu\n", i, j, inlen, outlen);
+			return 0;
+		}
+		if (escaping) {
+			out[j++] = in[i] ^ MASK;
+			escaping = false;
+		} else if (in[i] == ESCAPE) {
+			escaping = true;
+		} else {
+			out[j++] = in[i];
+		}
+	}
+	return j;
+}
+
+/* copy a possibly escaped single byte to out */
+static size_t escape_byte(__u8 byte, char *out, size_t outlen)
+{
+	size_t j = 0;
+
+	if (byte == CONTROL || byte == ESCAPE) {
+		out[j++] = ESCAPE;
+		byte ^= MASK;
+	}
+	out[j++] = byte;
+	return j;
+}
+
+static size_t hdlc_frame(const char *in, size_t inlen, char *out, size_t outlen)
+{
+    __u16 crc;
+    size_t j = 0;
+
+    out[j++] = CONTROL;
+    j += escape(in, inlen, &out[j], outlen - j);
+    crc = crc16(in, inlen);
+    j += escape_byte(crc & 0xff, &out[j], outlen - j);
+    j += escape_byte(crc >> 8 & 0xff, &out[j], outlen - j);
+    out[j++] = CONTROL;
+
+    if (j < inlen)
+	    return 0;    /* FIXME */
+
+    return j;
+}
+
+static size_t hdlc_unframe(const char *in, size_t inlen, char *out, size_t outlen)
+{
+    __u16 crc;
+    size_t j, i = inlen;
+
+    /* the first control char is optional */
+    if (*in == CONTROL) {
+	    in++;
+	    i--;
+    }
+    if (in[i - 1] == CONTROL)
+	    i--;
+
+    j = unescape(in, i, out, outlen);
+    if (j < 2) {
+	    debug("unescape failed: j = %zu\n", j);
+	    return 0;
+    }
+    j -= 2; /* remove the crc */
+
+    /* verify the crc */
+    crc = crc16(out, j);
+    if (crc != ((unsigned char)out[j] | (unsigned char)out[j + 1] << 8)) {
+	    debug("crc failed: 0x%04x != 0x%04x\n", crc, out[j] | out[j + 1] << 8);
+	    return 0;
+    }
+    return j;
+}
+
+/* should the unframed open request include a file header? */
+static inline size_t hdrlen(__u8 type)
+{
+	switch (type) {
+	case QDL_IMAGE_CWE:
+		return 400;
+	default:
+		return 0;
+	}
+}
+
+/* some image types contain trailing garbage - from gobi-loader */
+static inline size_t imglen(__u8 type, size_t len)
+{
+	switch (type) {
+	case QDL_IMAGE_AMSS_MODEM:
+		return len - 8;
+	default:
+		return len;
+	}
+}
+
+static size_t create_ufopen_req(char *in, size_t filelen, __u8 type)
+{
+	struct qdl_ufopen_req *req = (void *)in;
+
+	req->cmd = QDL_CMD_OPEN_UNFRAMED_REQ;
+	req->type = type;
+	req ->windowsize = 1; /* snooped */
+	req->length = imglen(type, filelen);
+	req->chunksize = imglen(type, filelen) - hdrlen(type);
+	return sizeof(struct qdl_ufopen_req);
+}
+
+static size_t create_ufwrite_req(char *out, size_t chunksize, int sequence)
+{
+	struct qdl_ufwrite_req *req = (void *)out;
+
+	req->cmd = QDL_CMD_WRITE_UNFRAMED_REQ;
+	req->sequence = sequence;
+	req->reserved = 0;
+	req->chunksize = chunksize;
+	req->crc = crc16(out, sizeof(*req) - 2);
+	return sizeof(*req);
+}
+
+static int parse_sdp_hello(const char *in, size_t inlen)
+{
+	struct qdl_hello_rsp *r;
+	char buf[sizeof(*r) + sizeof(__u16)];
+	char magicbuf[33] = {0};
+	size_t ret;
+
+	r = (struct qdl_hello_rsp *)buf;
+	ret = hdlc_unframe(in, inlen, buf, sizeof(buf));
+	if (ret == sizeof(*r) && r->cmd == QDL_CMD_HELLO_RSP) {
+		memcpy(magicbuf, r->magic, r->maxver <= 5 ? 24 : 32);
+		debug("magic: '%s'\nmaxver: %u\nminver: %u\nfeatures: 0x%02x\n", magicbuf, r->maxver, r->minver, r->features);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	return -1; /* unexpected error */
+}
+
+static const char *sdperr2str(__u32 err)
+{
+	switch (err) {
+	case QDL_ERROR_01:
+		return "Reserved";
+	case QDL_ERROR_BAD_ADDR:
+		return "Invalid destination address";
+	case QDL_ERROR_BAD_LEN:
+		return "Invalid length";
+	case QDL_ERROR_BAD_PACKET:
+		return "Unexpected end of packet";
+	case QDL_ERROR_BAD_CMD:
+		return "Invalid command";
+	case QDL_ERROR_06:
+		return "Reserved";
+	case QDL_ERROR_OP_FAILED:
+		return "Operation failed";
+	case QDL_ERROR_BAD_FLASH_ID:
+		return "Invalid flash intelligent ID";
+	case QDL_ERROR_BAD_VOLTAGE:
+		return "Invalid programming voltage";
+	case QDL_ERROR_WRITE_FAILED:
+		return "Write verify failed";
+	case QDL_ERROR_11:
+		return "Reserved";
+	case QDL_ERROR_BAD_SPC:
+		return "Invalid security code";
+	case QDL_ERROR_POWERDOWN:
+		return "Power-down failed";
+	case QDL_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED:
+		return "NAND flash programming not supported";
+	case QDL_ERROR_CMD_SEQ:
+		return "Command out of sequence";
+	case QDL_ERROR_CLOSE:
+		return "Close failed";
+	case QDL_ERROR_BAD_FEATURES:
+		return "Invalid feature bits";
+	case QDL_ERROR_SPACE:
+		return "Out of space";
+	case QDL_ERROR_BAD_SECURITY:
+		return "Invalid security mode";
+	case QDL_ERROR_MULTI_UNSUPPORTED:
+		return "Multi-image NAND not supported";
+	case QDL_ERROR_POWEROFF:
+		return "Power-off command not supported";
+	case QDL_ERROR_CMD_UNSUPPORTED:
+		return "Command not supported";
+	case QDL_ERROR_BAD_CRC:
+		return "Invalid CRC";
+	case QDL_ERROR_STATE:
+		return "Command received in invalid state";
+	case QDL_ERROR_TIMEOUT:
+		return "Receive timeout";
+	case QDL_ERROR_IMAGE_AUTH:
+		return "Image authentication error";
+	default:
+		return "Unknown error";
+	}
+}
+
+static int parse_sdp_err(const char *in, size_t inlen, bool silent)
+{
+	struct qdl_err_rsp *r;
+	char buf[sizeof(*r) + sizeof(__u16)];
+	size_t ret;
+
+	r = (struct qdl_err_rsp *)buf;
+	ret = hdlc_unframe(in, inlen, buf, sizeof(buf));
+	if (ret == sizeof(*r) && r->cmd == QDL_CMD_ERROR) {
+		if (!silent)
+			fprintf(stderr, "SDP error %d (%d): %s\n", r->error, r->errortxt, sdperr2str(r->error));
+		return -r->error;
+	}
+	return -1; /* not an proper error frame */
+}
+
+static int parse_ufopen(const char *in, size_t inlen)
+{
+	struct qdl_ufopen_rsp *r;
+	char buf[sizeof(*r) + sizeof(__u16)];
+	size_t ret;
+
+	r = (struct qdl_ufopen_rsp *)buf;
+	ret = hdlc_unframe(in, inlen, buf, sizeof(buf));
+	if (ret != sizeof(*r) || r->cmd != QDL_CMD_OPEN_UNFRAMED_RSP)
+		return -1;
+	debug("status=%d, windowsize=%d, chunksize=%d\n", r->status, r->windowsize, r->chunksize);
+	return -r->status;
+}
+
+static int parse_ufwrite(const char *in, size_t inlen)
+{
+	struct qdl_ufwrite_rsp *r;
+	char buf[sizeof(*r) + sizeof(__u16)];
+	size_t ret;
+
+	r = (struct qdl_ufwrite_rsp *)buf;
+	ret = hdlc_unframe(in, inlen, buf, sizeof(buf));
+	if (ret != sizeof(*r) || r->cmd != QDL_CMD_WRITE_UNFRAMED_RSP)
+		return -1;
+	if (r->status) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "seq 0x%04x status=%d\n", r->sequence, r->status);
+		return -r->status;
+	}
+	debug("ack: %d\n", r->sequence);
+	return r->sequence;
+}
+
+static int parse_ufdone(const char *in, size_t inlen)
+{
+	struct qdl_ufclose_rsp *r;
+	char buf[sizeof(*r) + sizeof(__u16)];
+	size_t ret;
+
+	r = (struct qdl_ufclose_rsp *)buf;
+	ret = hdlc_unframe(in, inlen, buf, sizeof(buf));
+	if (ret != sizeof(*r) || r->cmd != QDL_CMD_SESSION_DONE_RSP)
+		return -1;
+	debug("UF close: status=%d, type=%d, errortxt=%d\n", r->status, r->type, r->errortxt);
+	return -r->status;
+}
+
+/* read and parse QDL if available.  Will return unless data is
+ * available withing 5 ms
+ */
+static int read_and_parse(int fd, bool silent)
+{
+	char *end, *p, rbuf[512];
+	int rlen, framelen, ret = 0;
+	fd_set rd;
+	struct timeval tv = { .tv_sec = 1, .tv_usec = 0, };
+
+	FD_ZERO(&rd);
+	FD_SET(fd, &rd);
+	if (select(fd + 1, &rd, NULL, NULL, &tv) <= 0) {
+		debug("timeout: no data read\n");
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	rlen = read(fd, rbuf, sizeof(rbuf));
+	if (rlen <= 0)
+		return rlen;
+	print_packet("read", rbuf, rlen);
+
+	p = rbuf;
+	while (rlen > 0 && (end = memchr(p + 1, CONTROL, rlen - 1)) != NULL) {
+		end++;
+		framelen = end - p;
+		switch (p[1]) {
+		case QDL_CMD_ERROR:
+			ret = parse_sdp_err(p, framelen, silent);
+			break;
+		case QDL_CMD_HELLO_RSP: /* == DLOAD_ACK */
+			if (framelen != 5)
+				ret = parse_sdp_hello(p, framelen);
+			else
+				debug("Got DLOAD_ACK\n");
+			break;
+		case QDL_CMD_OPEN_UNFRAMED_RSP:
+			ret = parse_ufopen(p, framelen);
+			break;
+		case QDL_CMD_WRITE_UNFRAMED_RSP:
+			ret = parse_ufwrite(p, framelen);
+			break;
+		case QDL_CMD_SESSION_DONE_RSP:
+			ret = parse_ufdone(p, framelen);
+			break;
+		default:
+			fprintf(stderr, "Unsupported response code: 0x%02x\n", p[1]);
+		}
+		if (ret < 0)
+			return ret;
+		p = end;
+		rlen -= framelen;
+	}
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static int write_hdlc(int fd, const char *in, size_t inlen)
+{
+	char wbuf[512];
+	int wlen;
+
+	wlen = hdlc_frame(in, inlen, wbuf, sizeof(wbuf));
+	if (wlen > 0) {
+		write(fd,  wbuf, wlen);
+		print_packet("write", wbuf, wlen);
+	} else {
+		debug("hdlc_frame() returned %d\n", wlen);
+	}
+	return wlen;
+}
+
+static int serial_open(const char *dev)
+{
+	struct termios terminal_data;
+	int fd;
+
+	/* FIXME: verify that the serial device is a Sierra Wireless device in QDL mode */
+	fd = open(dev,  O_RDWR | O_NOCTTY);
+	if (fd > 0) {
+		tcgetattr(fd, &terminal_data);
+		cfmakeraw(&terminal_data);
+		tcsetattr(fd, TCSANOW, &terminal_data);
+	}
+	debug("opened %s\n", dev);
+	return fd;
+}
+
+/* Sierra Wireless CWE file header
+ *   Note: 32bit numbers are big endian
+ */
+struct cwehdr {
+	char reserved1[256];
+	__u32 crc;		/* 32bit CRC of "reserved1" field */
+	__u32 rev;		/* header revision */
+	__u32 val;		/* CRC validity indicator */
+	char type[4];		/* ASCII - not null terminated */
+	char product[4];	/* ASCII - not null terminated */
+	__u32 imgsize;		/* image size */
+	__u32 imgcrc;		/* 32bit CRC of the image */
+	char version[84];	/* ASCII - null terminated */
+	char date[8];		/* ASCII - null terminated */
+	__u32 compat;		/* backward compatibility */
+	char reserved2[20];
+};
+
+static int verify_cwehdr(char *buf)
+{
+	struct cwehdr *h = (void *)buf;
+	char tmp[5];
+
+	fprintf(stderr, "  CWE revision: %d\n", be32toh(h->rev));
+	memcpy(tmp, h->type, 4);
+	tmp[4] = 0;
+	fprintf(stderr, "  type: %s\n", tmp);
+	memcpy(tmp, h->product, 4);
+	tmp[4] = 0;
+	fprintf(stderr, "  product: %s\n", tmp);
+	fprintf(stderr, "  image size: %d\n", be32toh(h->imgsize));
+	fprintf(stderr, "  version: %s\n", h->version);
+	fprintf(stderr, "  date: %s\n", h->date);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/* guessing image type based on the well known Gobi 1k and 2k
+ * filenames, and assumes anything else is a CWE image
+ *
+ * This is based on the types in gobi-loader's snooped magic strings:
+ *   0x05 => "amss.mbn"
+ *   0x06 => "apps.mbn"
+ *   0x0d => "uqcn.mbn" (Gobi 2000 only)
+ */
+static __u8 filename2type(const char *filename)
+{
+	char *base = strrchr(filename, '/');
+
+	if (!base)
+		base = (char *)filename;
+	if (!strcasecmp(base, "amss.mbn"))
+		return QDL_IMAGE_AMSS_MODEM;
+	if (!strcasecmp(base, "apps.mbn"))
+		return QDL_IMAGE_AMSS_APPLICATION;
+	if (!strcasecmp(base, "uqcn.mbn"))
+		return QDL_IMAGE_AMSS_UQCN;
+	return QDL_IMAGE_CWE;
+}
+
+static int download_image(int serfd, const char *image)
+{
+	int imgfd = -1, ret = 0, seq = 0;
+	size_t chunksize, rlen, filelen;
+	struct stat img_data;
+	__u8 type = filename2type(image);
+
+	/* FIXME: verify that this image matches the modem */
+	imgfd = open(image, O_RDONLY);
+	if (imgfd < 0) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "Cannot open %s: %d\n", image, imgfd);
+		ret = imgfd;
+		goto out;
+	}
+	fstat(imgfd, &img_data);
+	filelen = imglen(type, img_data.st_size) - hdrlen(type);
+	if (filelen < 0) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "%s is too short\n", image);
+		ret = -1;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	fprintf(stderr, "Downloading %s image '%s'\n", qdl_type2str(type), image);
+
+	/* send open request */
+	rlen = create_ufopen_req(buf, img_data.st_size, type);
+	if (hdrlen(type) > 0) {
+		ret = -1;
+		if (hdrlen(type) + rlen > BUFSIZE)
+			goto out;
+		if (read(imgfd, buf + rlen, hdrlen(type)) != hdrlen(type))
+			goto out;
+		if (type == QDL_IMAGE_CWE)
+			verify_cwehdr(buf + rlen);
+	}
+	write_hdlc(serfd, buf, rlen + hdrlen(type));
+
+	/* read ufopen response - FIXME: act on errors! */
+	if (read_and_parse(serfd, false) < 0)
+		goto out;
+
+	/* remaining data to send */
+	while (filelen > 0) {
+		fd_set wr;
+		struct timeval tv = { .tv_sec = 2, .tv_usec = 0, };
+
+		chunksize = CHUNK;
+		if (chunksize > filelen)
+			chunksize = filelen;
+
+		debug("write #%d (%zu)...", seq, chunksize);
+		if (!debug)
+			fprintf(stderr, ".");
+		rlen = create_ufwrite_req(buf, chunksize, seq++);
+		rlen += read(imgfd, buf + rlen, CHUNK);
+		filelen -= chunksize;
+
+		FD_ZERO(&wr);
+		FD_SET(serfd, &wr);
+		if (select(serfd + 1, NULL, &wr, NULL, &tv) <= 0)
+			goto out;
+		write(serfd,  buf, rlen);
+		ret = read_and_parse(serfd, false);
+		if (ret < 0)
+			goto out;
+	}
+
+	debug("finished writing\n");
+
+	/* This may take a considerable amount of time */
+	fprintf(stderr, "\nWaiting for ack");
+	while (ret != seq - 1) {
+		fprintf(stderr, ".");
+		sleep(3);
+		ret = read_and_parse(serfd, false);
+	}
+	fprintf(stderr, "\n");
+
+out:
+	if (imgfd > 0)
+		close(imgfd);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static struct option main_options[] = {
+	{ "help",	0, 0, 'h' },
+	{ "serial",     1, 0, 's' },
+	{ "debug",      0, 0, 'd' },
+	{ 0, 0, 0, 0 }
+};
+
+static void usage(const char *prog)
+{
+	fprintf(stderr,
+		"\n%s: %s [ --help ]"
+#ifdef DEBUG
+		" [--debug] "
+#endif
+		"--serial <device> <image> [image2] [image3]\n",
+		__func__, prog);
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char *argv[])
+{
+	int opt, serfd = -1, ret = 0, version;
+
+	fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", DESCRIPTION);
+	while ((opt = getopt_long(argc, argv, "i:s:m:dvh", main_options, NULL)) != -1) {
+		switch(opt) {
+		case 's':
+			serfd = serial_open(optarg);
+			break;
+#ifdef DEBUG
+		case 'd':
+			debug = true;
+			break;
+#endif
+		case 'h':
+			usage(argv[0]);
+			return 0;
+		}
+	}
+
+	buf = malloc(BUFSIZE);
+	if (!buf) {
+		ret = -ENOMEM;
+		goto err;
+	}
+
+
+/* FIXME: should do the following for a complete image upload*
+ *
+ *  For CWE images:
+ *    - verify image sanity and retrive model/version data for next step if applicable
+ *    - if application mode:
+ *       + verify qmi model/version matching image
+ *       + check usb sysfs (serial++) to match against bootloader mode
+ *       + switch to bootloader mode
+ *       + wait for QDL device to appear
+ *
+ * For all images:
+ *    - verify that the QDL device is the correct one (check serial etc)
+ *
+ * NON WORKING:
+ *    - allow multiple images to be uploaded in one run
+ * How do we do this properly?
+ */
+
+	/* need at least one firmware filename */
+	if (optind == argc) {
+		usage(argv[0]);
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	if (serfd < 0)
+		return serfd;
+
+	/* switch to SDP - this is required for some modems like MC7710 */
+	write_hdlc(serfd, (const char *)&dload_sdp, sizeof(dload_sdp));
+	ret = read_and_parse(serfd, true);
+
+	/* the modem could already be in SDP mode, so ignore "unsupported" errors */
+	if (ret < 0 && ret != -QDL_ERROR_CMD_UNSUPPORTED)
+		goto err;
+
+	/* attempt to probe supported protocol version
+	 *  Newer modems like Sierra Wireless MC7710 must use '6' for both fields
+	 *  Gobi2000 modems like HP un2420 must use '5' for both fields
+	 *  Gobi1000 modems  must use '4' for both fields
+	 */
+	for (version = 4; version < 7; version++) {
+		qdl_hello_req.minver = version;
+		qdl_hello_req.maxver = version;
+		write_hdlc(serfd, (const char *)&qdl_hello_req, sizeof(qdl_hello_req));
+		ret = read_and_parse(serfd, true);
+		if (!ret)
+			break;
+	}
+	if (ret < 0) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "Unable to detect QDL version\n");
+		goto err;
+	}
+	fprintf(stderr, "Got QDL version: %u\n", version);
+
+	/* download all images */
+	while (optind < argc && ret >= 0)
+		ret = download_image(serfd, argv[optind++]);
+
+	/* close unframed session */
+	buf[0] = QDL_CMD_SESSION_DONE_REQ;
+	write_hdlc(serfd, buf, 1);
+
+	/* read close response  */
+	if (!read_and_parse(serfd, false))
+		fprintf(stderr, "Success!\n");
+
+	/* terminate SDP session */
+	fprintf(stderr, "Terminating session - rebooting modem...\n");
+	buf[0] = QDL_CMD_SESSION_CLOSE_REQ;
+	write_hdlc(serfd, buf, 1);
+
+	/* no response? */
+	read_and_parse(serfd, false);
+
+err:
+	if (serfd > 0)
+		close(serfd);
+	free(buf);
+	return ret;
+}