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+/*
+ * linux/arch/alpha/kernel/time.c
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992, 1995, 1999, 2000 Linus Torvalds
+ *
+ * This file contains the PC-specific time handling details:
+ * reading the RTC at bootup, etc..
+ * 1994-07-02 Alan Modra
+ * fixed set_rtc_mmss, fixed time.year for >= 2000, new mktime
+ * 1995-03-26 Markus Kuhn
+ * fixed 500 ms bug at call to set_rtc_mmss, fixed DS12887
+ * precision CMOS clock update
+ * 1997-09-10 Updated NTP code according to technical memorandum Jan '96
+ * "A Kernel Model for Precision Timekeeping" by Dave Mills
+ * 1997-01-09 Adrian Sun
+ * use interval timer if CONFIG_RTC=y
+ * 1997-10-29 John Bowman (bowman@math.ualberta.ca)
+ * fixed tick loss calculation in timer_interrupt
+ * (round system clock to nearest tick instead of truncating)
+ * fixed algorithm in time_init for getting time from CMOS clock
+ * 1999-04-16 Thorsten Kranzkowski (dl8bcu@gmx.net)
+ * fixed algorithm in do_gettimeofday() for calculating the precise time
+ * from processor cycle counter (now taking lost_ticks into account)
+ * 2000-08-13 Jan-Benedict Glaw <jbglaw@lug-owl.de>
+ * Fixed time_init to be aware of epoches != 1900. This prevents
+ * booting up in 2048 for me;) Code is stolen from rtc.c.
+ * 2003-06-03 R. Scott Bailey <scott.bailey@eds.com>
+ * Tighten sanity in time_init from 1% (10,000 PPM) to 250 PPM
+ */
+#include <linux/config.h>
+#include <linux/errno.h>
+#include <linux/module.h>
+#include <linux/sched.h>
+#include <linux/kernel.h>
+#include <linux/param.h>
+#include <linux/string.h>
+#include <linux/mm.h>
+#include <linux/delay.h>
+#include <linux/ioport.h>
+#include <linux/irq.h>
+#include <linux/interrupt.h>
+#include <linux/init.h>
+#include <linux/bcd.h>
+#include <linux/profile.h>
+
+#include <asm/uaccess.h>
+#include <asm/io.h>
+#include <asm/hwrpb.h>
+#include <asm/8253pit.h>
+
+#include <linux/mc146818rtc.h>
+#include <linux/time.h>
+#include <linux/timex.h>
+
+#include "proto.h"
+#include "irq_impl.h"
+
+u64 jiffies_64 = INITIAL_JIFFIES;
+
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(jiffies_64);
+
+extern unsigned long wall_jiffies; /* kernel/timer.c */
+
+static int set_rtc_mmss(unsigned long);
+
+DEFINE_SPINLOCK(rtc_lock);
+
+#define TICK_SIZE (tick_nsec / 1000)
+
+/*
+ * Shift amount by which scaled_ticks_per_cycle is scaled. Shifting
+ * by 48 gives us 16 bits for HZ while keeping the accuracy good even
+ * for large CPU clock rates.
+ */
+#define FIX_SHIFT 48
+
+/* lump static variables together for more efficient access: */
+static struct {
+ /* cycle counter last time it got invoked */
+ __u32 last_time;
+ /* ticks/cycle * 2^48 */
+ unsigned long scaled_ticks_per_cycle;
+ /* last time the CMOS clock got updated */
+ time_t last_rtc_update;
+ /* partial unused tick */
+ unsigned long partial_tick;
+} state;
+
+unsigned long est_cycle_freq;
+
+
+static inline __u32 rpcc(void)
+{
+ __u32 result;
+ asm volatile ("rpcc %0" : "=r"(result));
+ return result;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Scheduler clock - returns current time in nanosec units.
+ *
+ * Copied from ARM code for expediency... ;-}
+ */
+unsigned long long sched_clock(void)
+{
+ return (unsigned long long)jiffies * (1000000000 / HZ);
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * timer_interrupt() needs to keep up the real-time clock,
+ * as well as call the "do_timer()" routine every clocktick
+ */
+irqreturn_t timer_interrupt(int irq, void *dev, struct pt_regs * regs)
+{
+ unsigned long delta;
+ __u32 now;
+ long nticks;
+
+#ifndef CONFIG_SMP
+ /* Not SMP, do kernel PC profiling here. */
+ profile_tick(CPU_PROFILING, regs);
+#endif
+
+ write_seqlock(&xtime_lock);
+
+ /*
+ * Calculate how many ticks have passed since the last update,
+ * including any previous partial leftover. Save any resulting
+ * fraction for the next pass.
+ */
+ now = rpcc();
+ delta = now - state.last_time;
+ state.last_time = now;
+ delta = delta * state.scaled_ticks_per_cycle + state.partial_tick;
+ state.partial_tick = delta & ((1UL << FIX_SHIFT) - 1);
+ nticks = delta >> FIX_SHIFT;
+
+ while (nticks > 0) {
+ do_timer(regs);
+#ifndef CONFIG_SMP
+ update_process_times(user_mode(regs));
+#endif
+ nticks--;
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * If we have an externally synchronized Linux clock, then update
+ * CMOS clock accordingly every ~11 minutes. Set_rtc_mmss() has to be
+ * called as close as possible to 500 ms before the new second starts.
+ */
+ if ((time_status & STA_UNSYNC) == 0
+ && xtime.tv_sec > state.last_rtc_update + 660
+ && xtime.tv_nsec >= 500000 - ((unsigned) TICK_SIZE) / 2
+ && xtime.tv_nsec <= 500000 + ((unsigned) TICK_SIZE) / 2) {
+ int tmp = set_rtc_mmss(xtime.tv_sec);
+ state.last_rtc_update = xtime.tv_sec - (tmp ? 600 : 0);
+ }
+
+ write_sequnlock(&xtime_lock);
+ return IRQ_HANDLED;
+}
+
+void
+common_init_rtc(void)
+{
+ unsigned char x;
+
+ /* Reset periodic interrupt frequency. */
+ x = CMOS_READ(RTC_FREQ_SELECT) & 0x3f;
+ /* Test includes known working values on various platforms
+ where 0x26 is wrong; we refuse to change those. */
+ if (x != 0x26 && x != 0x25 && x != 0x19 && x != 0x06) {
+ printk("Setting RTC_FREQ to 1024 Hz (%x)\n", x);
+ CMOS_WRITE(0x26, RTC_FREQ_SELECT);
+ }
+
+ /* Turn on periodic interrupts. */
+ x = CMOS_READ(RTC_CONTROL);
+ if (!(x & RTC_PIE)) {
+ printk("Turning on RTC interrupts.\n");
+ x |= RTC_PIE;
+ x &= ~(RTC_AIE | RTC_UIE);
+ CMOS_WRITE(x, RTC_CONTROL);
+ }
+ (void) CMOS_READ(RTC_INTR_FLAGS);
+
+ outb(0x36, 0x43); /* pit counter 0: system timer */
+ outb(0x00, 0x40);
+ outb(0x00, 0x40);
+
+ outb(0xb6, 0x43); /* pit counter 2: speaker */
+ outb(0x31, 0x42);
+ outb(0x13, 0x42);
+
+ init_rtc_irq();
+}
+
+
+/* Validate a computed cycle counter result against the known bounds for
+ the given processor core. There's too much brokenness in the way of
+ timing hardware for any one method to work everywhere. :-(
+
+ Return 0 if the result cannot be trusted, otherwise return the argument. */
+
+static unsigned long __init
+validate_cc_value(unsigned long cc)
+{
+ static struct bounds {
+ unsigned int min, max;
+ } cpu_hz[] __initdata = {
+ [EV3_CPU] = { 50000000, 200000000 }, /* guess */
+ [EV4_CPU] = { 100000000, 300000000 },
+ [LCA4_CPU] = { 100000000, 300000000 }, /* guess */
+ [EV45_CPU] = { 200000000, 300000000 },
+ [EV5_CPU] = { 250000000, 433000000 },
+ [EV56_CPU] = { 333000000, 667000000 },
+ [PCA56_CPU] = { 400000000, 600000000 }, /* guess */
+ [PCA57_CPU] = { 500000000, 600000000 }, /* guess */
+ [EV6_CPU] = { 466000000, 600000000 },
+ [EV67_CPU] = { 600000000, 750000000 },
+ [EV68AL_CPU] = { 750000000, 940000000 },
+ [EV68CB_CPU] = { 1000000000, 1333333333 },
+ /* None of the following are shipping as of 2001-11-01. */
+ [EV68CX_CPU] = { 1000000000, 1700000000 }, /* guess */
+ [EV69_CPU] = { 1000000000, 1700000000 }, /* guess */
+ [EV7_CPU] = { 800000000, 1400000000 }, /* guess */
+ [EV79_CPU] = { 1000000000, 2000000000 }, /* guess */
+ };
+
+ /* Allow for some drift in the crystal. 10MHz is more than enough. */
+ const unsigned int deviation = 10000000;
+
+ struct percpu_struct *cpu;
+ unsigned int index;
+
+ cpu = (struct percpu_struct *)((char*)hwrpb + hwrpb->processor_offset);
+ index = cpu->type & 0xffffffff;
+
+ /* If index out of bounds, no way to validate. */
+ if (index >= sizeof(cpu_hz)/sizeof(cpu_hz[0]))
+ return cc;
+
+ /* If index contains no data, no way to validate. */
+ if (cpu_hz[index].max == 0)
+ return cc;
+
+ if (cc < cpu_hz[index].min - deviation
+ || cc > cpu_hz[index].max + deviation)
+ return 0;
+
+ return cc;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * Calibrate CPU clock using legacy 8254 timer/counter. Stolen from
+ * arch/i386/time.c.
+ */
+
+#define CALIBRATE_LATCH 0xffff
+#define TIMEOUT_COUNT 0x100000
+
+static unsigned long __init
+calibrate_cc_with_pit(void)
+{
+ int cc, count = 0;
+
+ /* Set the Gate high, disable speaker */
+ outb((inb(0x61) & ~0x02) | 0x01, 0x61);
+
+ /*
+ * Now let's take care of CTC channel 2
+ *
+ * Set the Gate high, program CTC channel 2 for mode 0,
+ * (interrupt on terminal count mode), binary count,
+ * load 5 * LATCH count, (LSB and MSB) to begin countdown.
+ */
+ outb(0xb0, 0x43); /* binary, mode 0, LSB/MSB, Ch 2 */
+ outb(CALIBRATE_LATCH & 0xff, 0x42); /* LSB of count */
+ outb(CALIBRATE_LATCH >> 8, 0x42); /* MSB of count */
+
+ cc = rpcc();
+ do {
+ count++;
+ } while ((inb(0x61) & 0x20) == 0 && count < TIMEOUT_COUNT);
+ cc = rpcc() - cc;
+
+ /* Error: ECTCNEVERSET or ECPUTOOFAST. */
+ if (count <= 1 || count == TIMEOUT_COUNT)
+ return 0;
+
+ return ((long)cc * PIT_TICK_RATE) / (CALIBRATE_LATCH + 1);
+}
+
+/* The Linux interpretation of the CMOS clock register contents:
+ When the Update-In-Progress (UIP) flag goes from 1 to 0, the
+ RTC registers show the second which has precisely just started.
+ Let's hope other operating systems interpret the RTC the same way. */
+
+static unsigned long __init
+rpcc_after_update_in_progress(void)
+{
+ do { } while (!(CMOS_READ(RTC_FREQ_SELECT) & RTC_UIP));
+ do { } while (CMOS_READ(RTC_FREQ_SELECT) & RTC_UIP);
+
+ return rpcc();
+}
+
+void __init
+time_init(void)
+{
+ unsigned int year, mon, day, hour, min, sec, cc1, cc2, epoch;
+ unsigned long cycle_freq, tolerance;
+ long diff;
+
+ /* Calibrate CPU clock -- attempt #1. */
+ if (!est_cycle_freq)
+ est_cycle_freq = validate_cc_value(calibrate_cc_with_pit());
+
+ cc1 = rpcc_after_update_in_progress();
+
+ /* Calibrate CPU clock -- attempt #2. */
+ if (!est_cycle_freq) {
+ cc2 = rpcc_after_update_in_progress();
+ est_cycle_freq = validate_cc_value(cc2 - cc1);
+ cc1 = cc2;
+ }
+
+ cycle_freq = hwrpb->cycle_freq;
+ if (est_cycle_freq) {
+ /* If the given value is within 250 PPM of what we calculated,
+ accept it. Otherwise, use what we found. */
+ tolerance = cycle_freq / 4000;
+ diff = cycle_freq - est_cycle_freq;
+ if (diff < 0)
+ diff = -diff;
+ if ((unsigned long)diff > tolerance) {
+ cycle_freq = est_cycle_freq;
+ printk("HWRPB cycle frequency bogus. "
+ "Estimated %lu Hz\n", cycle_freq);
+ } else {
+ est_cycle_freq = 0;
+ }
+ } else if (! validate_cc_value (cycle_freq)) {
+ printk("HWRPB cycle frequency bogus, "
+ "and unable to estimate a proper value!\n");
+ }
+
+ /* From John Bowman <bowman@math.ualberta.ca>: allow the values
+ to settle, as the Update-In-Progress bit going low isn't good
+ enough on some hardware. 2ms is our guess; we haven't found
+ bogomips yet, but this is close on a 500Mhz box. */
+ __delay(1000000);
+
+ sec = CMOS_READ(RTC_SECONDS);
+ min = CMOS_READ(RTC_MINUTES);
+ hour = CMOS_READ(RTC_HOURS);
+ day = CMOS_READ(RTC_DAY_OF_MONTH);
+ mon = CMOS_READ(RTC_MONTH);
+ year = CMOS_READ(RTC_YEAR);
+
+ if (!(CMOS_READ(RTC_CONTROL) & RTC_DM_BINARY) || RTC_ALWAYS_BCD) {
+ BCD_TO_BIN(sec);
+ BCD_TO_BIN(min);
+ BCD_TO_BIN(hour);
+ BCD_TO_BIN(day);
+ BCD_TO_BIN(mon);
+ BCD_TO_BIN(year);
+ }
+
+ /* PC-like is standard; used for year >= 70 */
+ epoch = 1900;
+ if (year < 20)
+ epoch = 2000;
+ else if (year >= 20 && year < 48)
+ /* NT epoch */
+ epoch = 1980;
+ else if (year >= 48 && year < 70)
+ /* Digital UNIX epoch */
+ epoch = 1952;
+
+ printk(KERN_INFO "Using epoch = %d\n", epoch);
+
+ if ((year += epoch) < 1970)
+ year += 100;
+
+ xtime.tv_sec = mktime(year, mon, day, hour, min, sec);
+ xtime.tv_nsec = 0;
+
+ wall_to_monotonic.tv_sec -= xtime.tv_sec;
+ wall_to_monotonic.tv_nsec = 0;
+
+ if (HZ > (1<<16)) {
+ extern void __you_loose (void);
+ __you_loose();
+ }
+
+ state.last_time = cc1;
+ state.scaled_ticks_per_cycle
+ = ((unsigned long) HZ << FIX_SHIFT) / cycle_freq;
+ state.last_rtc_update = 0;
+ state.partial_tick = 0L;
+
+ /* Startup the timer source. */
+ alpha_mv.init_rtc();
+}
+
+/*
+ * Use the cycle counter to estimate an displacement from the last time
+ * tick. Unfortunately the Alpha designers made only the low 32-bits of
+ * the cycle counter active, so we overflow on 8.2 seconds on a 500MHz
+ * part. So we can't do the "find absolute time in terms of cycles" thing
+ * that the other ports do.
+ */
+void
+do_gettimeofday(struct timeval *tv)
+{
+ unsigned long flags;
+ unsigned long sec, usec, lost, seq;
+ unsigned long delta_cycles, delta_usec, partial_tick;
+
+ do {
+ seq = read_seqbegin_irqsave(&xtime_lock, flags);
+
+ delta_cycles = rpcc() - state.last_time;
+ sec = xtime.tv_sec;
+ usec = (xtime.tv_nsec / 1000);
+ partial_tick = state.partial_tick;
+ lost = jiffies - wall_jiffies;
+
+ } while (read_seqretry_irqrestore(&xtime_lock, seq, flags));
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
+ /* Until and unless we figure out how to get cpu cycle counters
+ in sync and keep them there, we can't use the rpcc tricks. */
+ delta_usec = lost * (1000000 / HZ);
+#else
+ /*
+ * usec = cycles * ticks_per_cycle * 2**48 * 1e6 / (2**48 * ticks)
+ * = cycles * (s_t_p_c) * 1e6 / (2**48 * ticks)
+ * = cycles * (s_t_p_c) * 15625 / (2**42 * ticks)
+ *
+ * which, given a 600MHz cycle and a 1024Hz tick, has a
+ * dynamic range of about 1.7e17, which is less than the
+ * 1.8e19 in an unsigned long, so we are safe from overflow.
+ *
+ * Round, but with .5 up always, since .5 to even is harder
+ * with no clear gain.
+ */
+
+ delta_usec = (delta_cycles * state.scaled_ticks_per_cycle
+ + partial_tick
+ + (lost << FIX_SHIFT)) * 15625;
+ delta_usec = ((delta_usec / ((1UL << (FIX_SHIFT-6-1)) * HZ)) + 1) / 2;
+#endif
+
+ usec += delta_usec;
+ if (usec >= 1000000) {
+ sec += 1;
+ usec -= 1000000;
+ }
+
+ tv->tv_sec = sec;
+ tv->tv_usec = usec;
+}
+
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(do_gettimeofday);
+
+int
+do_settimeofday(struct timespec *tv)
+{
+ time_t wtm_sec, sec = tv->tv_sec;
+ long wtm_nsec, nsec = tv->tv_nsec;
+ unsigned long delta_nsec;
+
+ if ((unsigned long)tv->tv_nsec >= NSEC_PER_SEC)
+ return -EINVAL;
+
+ write_seqlock_irq(&xtime_lock);
+
+ /* The offset that is added into time in do_gettimeofday above
+ must be subtracted out here to keep a coherent view of the
+ time. Without this, a full-tick error is possible. */
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
+ delta_nsec = (jiffies - wall_jiffies) * (NSEC_PER_SEC / HZ);
+#else
+ delta_nsec = rpcc() - state.last_time;
+ delta_nsec = (delta_nsec * state.scaled_ticks_per_cycle
+ + state.partial_tick
+ + ((jiffies - wall_jiffies) << FIX_SHIFT)) * 15625;
+ delta_nsec = ((delta_nsec / ((1UL << (FIX_SHIFT-6-1)) * HZ)) + 1) / 2;
+ delta_nsec *= 1000;
+#endif
+
+ nsec -= delta_nsec;
+
+ wtm_sec = wall_to_monotonic.tv_sec + (xtime.tv_sec - sec);
+ wtm_nsec = wall_to_monotonic.tv_nsec + (xtime.tv_nsec - nsec);
+
+ set_normalized_timespec(&xtime, sec, nsec);
+ set_normalized_timespec(&wall_to_monotonic, wtm_sec, wtm_nsec);
+
+ time_adjust = 0; /* stop active adjtime() */
+ time_status |= STA_UNSYNC;
+ time_maxerror = NTP_PHASE_LIMIT;
+ time_esterror = NTP_PHASE_LIMIT;
+
+ write_sequnlock_irq(&xtime_lock);
+ clock_was_set();
+ return 0;
+}
+
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(do_settimeofday);
+
+
+/*
+ * In order to set the CMOS clock precisely, set_rtc_mmss has to be
+ * called 500 ms after the second nowtime has started, because when
+ * nowtime is written into the registers of the CMOS clock, it will
+ * jump to the next second precisely 500 ms later. Check the Motorola
+ * MC146818A or Dallas DS12887 data sheet for details.
+ *
+ * BUG: This routine does not handle hour overflow properly; it just
+ * sets the minutes. Usually you won't notice until after reboot!
+ */
+
+
+static int
+set_rtc_mmss(unsigned long nowtime)
+{
+ int retval = 0;
+ int real_seconds, real_minutes, cmos_minutes;
+ unsigned char save_control, save_freq_select;
+
+ /* irq are locally disabled here */
+ spin_lock(&rtc_lock);
+ /* Tell the clock it's being set */
+ save_control = CMOS_READ(RTC_CONTROL);
+ CMOS_WRITE((save_control|RTC_SET), RTC_CONTROL);
+
+ /* Stop and reset prescaler */
+ save_freq_select = CMOS_READ(RTC_FREQ_SELECT);
+ CMOS_WRITE((save_freq_select|RTC_DIV_RESET2), RTC_FREQ_SELECT);
+
+ cmos_minutes = CMOS_READ(RTC_MINUTES);
+ if (!(save_control & RTC_DM_BINARY) || RTC_ALWAYS_BCD)
+ BCD_TO_BIN(cmos_minutes);
+
+ /*
+ * since we're only adjusting minutes and seconds,
+ * don't interfere with hour overflow. This avoids
+ * messing with unknown time zones but requires your
+ * RTC not to be off by more than 15 minutes
+ */
+ real_seconds = nowtime % 60;
+ real_minutes = nowtime / 60;
+ if (((abs(real_minutes - cmos_minutes) + 15)/30) & 1) {
+ /* correct for half hour time zone */
+ real_minutes += 30;
+ }
+ real_minutes %= 60;
+
+ if (abs(real_minutes - cmos_minutes) < 30) {
+ if (!(save_control & RTC_DM_BINARY) || RTC_ALWAYS_BCD) {
+ BIN_TO_BCD(real_seconds);
+ BIN_TO_BCD(real_minutes);
+ }
+ CMOS_WRITE(real_seconds,RTC_SECONDS);
+ CMOS_WRITE(real_minutes,RTC_MINUTES);
+ } else {
+ printk(KERN_WARNING
+ "set_rtc_mmss: can't update from %d to %d\n",
+ cmos_minutes, real_minutes);
+ retval = -1;
+ }
+
+ /* The following flags have to be released exactly in this order,
+ * otherwise the DS12887 (popular MC146818A clone with integrated
+ * battery and quartz) will not reset the oscillator and will not
+ * update precisely 500 ms later. You won't find this mentioned in
+ * the Dallas Semiconductor data sheets, but who believes data
+ * sheets anyway ... -- Markus Kuhn
+ */
+ CMOS_WRITE(save_control, RTC_CONTROL);
+ CMOS_WRITE(save_freq_select, RTC_FREQ_SELECT);
+ spin_unlock(&rtc_lock);
+
+ return retval;
+}
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